• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 12:20
CEST 18:20
KST 01:20
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
Maestros of the Game: Week 1/Play-in Preview5[ASL20] Ro24 Preview Pt2: Take-Off7[ASL20] Ro24 Preview Pt1: Runway132v2 & SC: Evo Complete: Weekend Double Feature4Team Liquid Map Contest #21 - Presented by Monster Energy9
Community News
Weekly Cups (Aug 18-24): herO dethrones MaxPax6Maestros of The Game—$20k event w/ live finals in Paris38Weekly Cups (Aug 11-17): MaxPax triples again!13Weekly Cups (Aug 4-10): MaxPax wins a triple6SC2's Safe House 2 - October 18 & 195
StarCraft 2
General
2024/25 Off-Season Roster Moves #2: Serral - Greatest Players of All Time #1: Maru - Greatest Players of All Time Maestros of the Game: Week 1/Play-in Preview Greatest Players of All Time: 2025 Update
Tourneys
LiuLi Cup - September 2025 Tournaments $5,100+ SEL Season 2 Championship (SC: Evo) Maestros of The Game—$20k event w/ live finals in Paris Kirktown Chat Brawl #8 - 4.6K max Tonight LiuLi Cup - August 2025 Tournaments
Strategy
Custom Maps
External Content
Mutation # 488 What Goes Around Mutation # 487 Think Fast Mutation # 486 Watch the Skies Mutation # 485 Death from Below
Brood War
General
BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ Post ASL20 Ro24 discussion. Easiest luckies way to get out of Asl groups BW General Discussion No Rain in ASL20?
Tourneys
[ASL20] Ro24 Group F [IPSL] CSLAN Review and CSLPRO Reimagined! Small VOD Thread 2.0 Cosmonarchy Pro Showmatches
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Muta micro map competition Fighting Spirit mining rates [G] Mineral Boosting
Other Games
General Games
General RTS Discussion Thread Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne Path of Exile Mechabellum Nintendo Switch Thread
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread Vanilla Mini Mafia
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread YouTube Thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Canadian Politics Mega-thread
Fan Clubs
INnoVation Fan Club SKT1 Classic Fan Club!
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread Movie Discussion! [Manga] One Piece [\m/] Heavy Metal Thread
Sports
Formula 1 Discussion 2024 - 2026 Football Thread TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread High temperatures on bridge(s) Gtx660 graphics card replacement
TL Community
The Automated Ban List TeamLiquid Team Shirt On Sale
Blogs
hello world
radishsoup
Lemme tell you a thing o…
JoinTheRain
How Culture and Conflict Imp…
TrAiDoS
RTS Design in Hypercoven
a11
Evil Gacha Games and the…
ffswowsucks
INDEPENDIENTE LA CTM
XenOsky
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 634 users

The HotS Protoss Help Me Thread - Page 306

Forum Index > StarCraft 2 Strategy
Post a Reply
Prev 1 304 305 306 307 308 367 Next
Make sure you read the OP before asking a question. Asking a question already addressed in the OP will result in moderation action. Also, please put some effort into your questions. Do not just ask for build orders.
Meavis
Profile Blog Joined September 2011
Netherlands1300 Posts
November 10 2014 08:28 GMT
#6101
when you say phoenix, are you going for 5 or 11-13?
also, if they're droning to 80 you should have the option to place a 3rd with some cannons and then prepare a hold for whatever zerg throws at you.
"Not you."
Teoita
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
Italy12246 Posts
Last Edited: 2014-11-10 09:05:15
November 10 2014 09:03 GMT
#6102
Stargate/colossus builds are like that yes. Basically they are overly safe builds that leave you slightly behind against everything, but can also deal with everything assuming perfect play. Oracles are somewhat similar, but you can still take a quick third and go into a standard 3base blink build off of them, so it sounds like you are doing something wrong. If you go oracle>colossus then yes, basically the same thing will happen: you are slightly behind vs everyhing.

Not opening stargate should actually give you considerably more map presence though; that's where you are going wrong. 3base blink builds allow you to push on the maps at more or less random times, without being punished for it, and allow you to hit very powerful +2 blink timings off 3bases, while getting good tech behind them. This means that if the zerg tries to do stuff like double expand in response to your quick third, or rushing to mutas off of only drones and a handful of lings, he will get punished by your +2 blink timing (or even an earlier attack, as shown by classic in this game http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/sc2-strategy/463416-tl-strategy-presents-classic-vs-soo).

Not having stargate is also not important for scouting. Stargate units themselves do not accomplish nearly enough to give you full information, you need to be relying on hallucinations instead.
ModeratorProtoss all-ins are like a wok. You can throw whatever you want in there and it will turn out alright.
Heartland
Profile Blog Joined May 2012
Sweden24582 Posts
November 10 2014 09:06 GMT
#6103
Watching Rain or similar players stream is probably the best way to learn how to play Phoenixes. After watching him I've understood where my Phoenixes should be, how to pick off workers, overlords and queens and scout.
vhapter
Profile Joined May 2010
Brazil677 Posts
November 10 2014 14:00 GMT
#6104
On November 10 2014 16:31 DinoMight wrote:
Guys I'm having some problems with PvZ.

If I open Phoenixes, they drone to 80, take the whole map, and win eventually.
If I open with Oracle and take a fast 3rd, same thing.

If I don't open Stargate I have zero map presence and I die to some unscouted tech.

Any games you recommend watching just to catch up on some standard PvZ? I stopped playing for a bit and I've gotten REALLY bad at this game -____-.

Scout constantly with hallucinated phoenix instead. Sending 2 hallucinations at a time (or one after the other) helps you look for things more thoroughly. Scouting with stargate units is not reliable because they take real damage. Having an observer in front of the zerg's natural helps as well. It's a habit and it takes practice. It's very easy to scout once at 9:30-10:00 and forget to do it again later on, but there's no way around it and you have to make a point of getting it right. You can leave a sentry in your natural for defense and also use it as a back up if your main army doesn't have enough energy to send 1-2 hallucinations.

What most pros were doing when I stopped playing on the ladder a couple of months ago was taking a fast third with quick blink (and then get a robo and tech to whatever you see fit on 3 bases) and going up to 10 gates I believe (or at least 7). Then you move out on the map to attack the zerg, which helps deal with people who tech straight to mutas or tech and expand like crazy. You can also incorporate a warp prism to pin the zerg back. If they're double expanding (4th and 5th), you should most likely be able to deny one of these bases.

CJherO usually takes his third after going oracle and makes 1-2 voidrays to help defend it. Having a few of them is obviously good against corruptors too later on. I have seen other players skip the stargate altogether and attempt to take a faster third. Both builds help you deal with more aggressive zergs in the midgame as well as punish greedy zergs or fight for map control while teching behind it. It's interesting because it sets up your economy first and allows you to tech with a reasonable unit count while having a cost efficient midgame.
To live is to fight, to fight is to live!
Teoita
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
Italy12246 Posts
Last Edited: 2014-11-10 14:15:25
November 10 2014 14:15 GMT
#6105
The correct number of gates is 7, the warp prism is both to reinforce and harass (not really to pin him back), and the move out isn't only to deny a double expand (sometimes, +2 and blink actually are too late for that) or punish straight muta builds. The most important key of those kinds of attacks is the ability to contain creep and get some tempo and map control, more or less no matter what the zerg is doing. The only exception would be some wierd committed 3base lair kind of all-in.
ModeratorProtoss all-ins are like a wok. You can throw whatever you want in there and it will turn out alright.
DinoMight
Profile Blog Joined June 2012
United States3725 Posts
November 10 2014 14:17 GMT
#6106
Whenever I try 3 base Blink I usually die a horrible death to Ling/Hydra.

Any good vods of it being done correctly?
"Wtf I come back and find myself in camp DinoMight all of a sudden, feels weird man." -Wombat_NI
vhapter
Profile Joined May 2010
Brazil677 Posts
Last Edited: 2014-11-10 14:36:05
November 10 2014 14:30 GMT
#6107
I never really meant these were only goals of the move out - I do write a lot, but I'm not writing a guide lol -, but rather that the move out does help you deal with those things. The fact of the matter is that being hit by mutas when you're just making blink stalkers (especially if you don't scout it and end up not making phoenixes) and allowing the zerg to play too greedy can turn into a big problem.

Whether you say the purpose of the warp prism is harassment or pinning the zerg back is pretty much arguing semantics. I don't know if that's what it sounded like, but I'm not saying you're going to literally contain the zerg. What you do achieve is either doing some damage or keeping some of his army in his base (hence pinning back), while your mobile blink stalker force goes around the map doing business.

EDIT
On November 10 2014 23:17 DinoMight wrote:
Whenever I try 3 base Blink I usually die a horrible death to Ling/Hydra.

Any good vods of it being done correctly?

I don't think there's any secret. Make sure you have enough units. Force field and blink properly. Get aoe.

You could make some zealots to deal with lings depending on how many there are, but your blink stalker ball becomes progressively better in higher numbers so you don't want too many zealots. I personally avoid them unless I need the gas for something else, or if my stalker count is low and I need something to deal with lings asap. It shouldn't be too hard to force field the hydras away and kill the lings first anyway. Stalkers can fight hydras just fine if you blink well.
To live is to fight, to fight is to live!
KingAlphard
Profile Blog Joined August 2012
Italy1705 Posts
November 10 2014 15:01 GMT
#6108
It's worth to discuss phoenixes vs. Oracle+ void ray.
Phoenixes
Pros:
-Always deal some damage: drones, queens and overlords all over the map;
-They have more HP combined than an oracle ;
-they can help during engagements and lift hydralisks;
-they can be useful against a mutalisk switch in the mid game if you keep them alive
Cons:
-they are pretty expensive (750/500 for 5 of them which is the standard) ;
-they are useless against roaches, Corruptors and ling timings

Oracle+Voidray
Pros:
-cheaper (400/300 total) which means you'll have a larger army/faster third/tech;
-the oracle can easily deal with speedling pressures;
-the void ray can snipe overlords and deal with roaches and corruptors which makes you overall safer;
-if the zerg player is caught off guard you can kill a ton of drones at the same time;
-the oracle can provide detection and revelation later on;
-the void ray can delay creep spread.
Cons:
- low guaranteed damage with the oracle;
- the oracle is very squishy so it's harder to scout with it;
- the voidray comes late which means the zerg player will have free scout for a while unless you build a stalker.

What do you guys think about these 2 Stargate starts?
Teoita
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
Italy12246 Posts
November 10 2014 15:07 GMT
#6109
I think the huge difference between the two is how flexible the openers are.

As you said, phoenixes are seriously terrible against lings, so in order to take a third you are essentially forced into going stargate/4gate/robo/colossus, which is fine, but as i said it's one of those catch all builds that's really passive and slightly behind vs everything. Also, i don't feel like already having phoenixes on the map is the biggest deal vs mutas. It's nice, don't get me wrong, but phoenixes build so fast that i'd rather have no phoenixes and 2stargates ready to build them (say, because of my scouting or 3base blink pressure), than one stargate and 5 phoenixes already up.

Oracle>fast third openers on the other hand feel a lot more versatile, since you can easily transition into either colossus/blink, colossus/void ray or 3base blink off of them, so i personally prefer them. No matter what stargate units are used, i feel like at this stage you will never get consistent scouting info without hallucination, so worrying about that isn't a huge deal.
ModeratorProtoss all-ins are like a wok. You can throw whatever you want in there and it will turn out alright.
vhapter
Profile Joined May 2010
Brazil677 Posts
Last Edited: 2014-11-10 15:48:03
November 10 2014 15:17 GMT
#6110
On November 11 2014 00:01 KingAlphard wrote:
It's worth to discuss phoenixes vs. Oracle+ void ray.
Phoenixes
Pros:
-Always deal some damage: drones, queens and overlords all over the map;
-They have more HP combined than an oracle ;
-they can help during engagements and lift hydralisks;
-they can be useful against a mutalisk switch in the mid game if you keep them alive
Cons:
-they are pretty expensive (750/500 for 5 of them which is the standard) ;
-they are useless against roaches, Corruptors and ling timings

Oracle+Voidray
Pros:
-cheaper (400/300 total) which means you'll have a larger army/faster third/tech;
-the oracle can easily deal with speedling pressures;
-the void ray can snipe overlords and deal with roaches and corruptors which makes you overall safer;
-if the zerg player is caught off guard you can kill a ton of drones at the same time;
-the oracle can provide detection and revelation later on;
-the void ray can delay creep spread.
Cons:
- low guaranteed damage with the oracle;
- the oracle is very squishy so it's harder to scout with it;
- the voidray comes late which means the zerg player will have free scout for a while unless you build a stalker.

What do you guys think about these 2 Stargate starts?

The best thing about oracle openers is that is versatility imo. I don't even care much for oracles, but getting 1-2 voidrays to clear overlords and defend your third is nice imo - of course cutting them altogether and taking an even faster third without a stargate is also great if there's no threat. I trust my macro and I've always prefered boosting my economy early on to harassment in PvZ. Nowadays, you have to rely on hallucinated phoenixes so much that I don't think having phoenixes matters much as opposed to just having a stargate available or hitting before mutas can do any damage.

EDIT: Also, clearing creep tumors with voidrays is really old school (I've only seen HerO do that), requires a robo unless you use envision, kinda defeats the purpose to defending your third with voidrays, and you can't do that for too long because of hydras so you have to be extremely careful. Snipping the fourth base of zergs with voidrays + msc was great when I did that old sOs fast third + voidray build, but you still had to be careful against aggressive zergs since your gates were so late with that build. Moving out against some players was just pointless since they would just force you to recall and do even more damage than you while you attempted to snipe their hatchery.

EDIT 2: According to Xinzoe here, pros were actually going up to 10 gates when going for a fast third + blink. Obviously you eventually go up to 10 gates even if you don't so right away, but the difference is still considerable. It sounds like a stylistic choice if anything or perhaps a slightly different game plan from what you're used to, Teoita.
To live is to fight, to fight is to live!
TokO
Profile Joined July 2011
Norway577 Posts
November 10 2014 18:36 GMT
#6111
A lot of good information in this thread. I just want to add some 'meta' informative opinions on going Stargate.

I think Stargate is the most difficult Protoss style to play.

This is due to needing to control three elements, Base + Air + Ground, as opposed to only Base + Ground. The diversification of resources into the different elements also means that your macro has to be spot on, unless your choices coincides with the opponents and you score some major victories early on. However, being the most mechanically demanding build also means that learning it is crucial if you want to work towards becoming a versatile Protoss player. And very rewarding too, if you are able to do it.

However, I think it might be naive to think of it as a 'better' build that will give you easy victories. I think it is exceptionally difficult given its strengths relative to a Stargate-less play.
Xinzoe
Profile Joined January 2014
Korea (South)2373 Posts
November 10 2014 23:13 GMT
#6112
Phoenix openings are very very hard to execute without falling terribly behind. It really requires a clear, refined plan + build order to survive whatever zerg throws at you. By opening phoenixes your ground army is already significantly weaker so u need to be on time with your blink or robo to survive the midgame. With a weaker army you also need to be on top of your macro while controlling phoenixes and scouting at the same time to not lose

Plus from my experience going phoenix colossus usually prompts a fast 4th + swarmhost response which can't be punished and very frustrating to deal with.
SatedSC2
Profile Blog Joined March 2014
England3012 Posts
November 10 2014 23:44 GMT
#6113
--- Nuked ---
Maestro85
Profile Joined October 2014
Australia30 Posts
November 11 2014 00:09 GMT
#6114
I know it is only day 1 or 2 of the Dreampool maps but I got pasted in my first 4 games despite a decent win/loss ratio the previous season. I was looking for some tips on executing some of the current builds considering some naturals (and mains by air) are extremely exposed. This was more in relation to PvZ and PvT. My initial thoughts were better building placement at the natural v Z and better army positioning v T. Any advice (besides vetoing those maps) would be much appreciated.
Dollar Sign 0 Dollar Sign :)
[PkF] Wire
Profile Joined March 2013
France24204 Posts
Last Edited: 2014-11-11 00:19:07
November 11 2014 00:18 GMT
#6115
I think you're underestimating how much phoenix can give you with adequate multitask. They're guaranteed damage, allow you to scout throughout the early-midgame and even give a nice boost when it comes to holding pushes by lifting hydras/roaches. Going into colossi void rays out of them is pretty impossible to kill straight away and, while I agree the Zerg can play very greedily, you'll still be able to adapt thanks to the scouting of the phoenix and react to their tech of choice. Of course it's more of a passive/defensive play, but it's extremely solid and the little eco delay should not be relevant if your composition is carefully crafted. This is a style that requires good game sense and solid mechanics to make for a relatively low number of units so I wouldn't advise it to newer players. I wouldn't advise it to extremely high level players either because up there even little opening disadvantages begin to matter and this is just not greedy enough. For everyone in between, I'm pretty convinced it's the best PvZ opening.
vhapter
Profile Joined May 2010
Brazil677 Posts
November 11 2014 05:32 GMT
#6116
On November 11 2014 09:09 Maestro85 wrote:
I know it is only day 1 or 2 of the Dreampool maps but I got pasted in my first 4 games despite a decent win/loss ratio the previous season. I was looking for some tips on executing some of the current builds considering some naturals (and mains by air) are extremely exposed. This was more in relation to PvZ and PvT. My initial thoughts were better building placement at the natural v Z and better army positioning v T. Any advice (besides vetoing those maps) would be much appreciated.

It's very hard to answer your question because it's too vague. Please, be a little more specific.
To live is to fight, to fight is to live!
Maestro85
Profile Joined October 2014
Australia30 Posts
November 11 2014 05:59 GMT
#6117
It's very hard to answer your question because it's too vague. Please, be a little more specific.


I guess I'm asking are blink builds on the maps with (seemingly) indefensible naturals viable in these match ups? I was attempting 2 base blink in both. So roughly 6-7 gates off of 2 base
Dollar Sign 0 Dollar Sign :)
Mozdk
Profile Joined October 2010
Denmark6989 Posts
November 12 2014 02:14 GMT
#6118
What maps have you guys vetoed.

I'm gonna start of with Xel Naga. Just broken against Z. No reason to try.
"It's really hard to Protoss" - White-Ra |||| "Apedts are dfucking amazing" - Lorning
las91
Profile Blog Joined May 2011
United States5080 Posts
November 12 2014 02:52 GMT
#6119
So what 1 and 2 base strategies are people doing on these maps? I can only remember how they were played when they first launched and basically none of those builds have real HotS equivalents in modern play....
In Inca we trust
pennywisdom
Profile Joined December 2012
1 Post
November 12 2014 09:26 GMT
#6120
I'm also looking for some 2 base all ins on these maps for PvT and PvZ. So much 2 base swarm host is going on, which rolls my usual 9 min immortal/zealot attack.
Prev 1 304 305 306 307 308 367 Next
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Maestros of the Game
16:00
Round of 24 Preliminary Stage
SHIN vs CreatorLIVE!
Astrea vs Lambo
Bunny vs SKillous
HeRoMaRinE vs TriGGeR
ComeBackTV 919
CranKy Ducklings160
CosmosSc2 29
LiquipediaDiscussion
SC Evo League
12:00
S2 Championship: Playoffs D2
SteadfastSC507
IndyStarCraft 259
BRAT_OK 137
EnkiAlexander 84
3DClanTV 52
IntoTheiNu 18
Liquipedia
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
SteadfastSC 507
mouzHeroMarine 350
IndyStarCraft 259
BRAT_OK 137
CosmosSc2 29
JuggernautJason8
StarCraft: Brood War
Britney 34820
Bisu 1200
Mini 1021
Jaedong 902
firebathero 668
sSak 509
ggaemo 256
Barracks 165
Mong 86
hero 77
[ Show more ]
Mind 71
Hyun 66
Aegong 47
ToSsGirL 32
soO 29
zelot 28
yabsab 17
IntoTheRainbow 8
SilentControl 7
Stormgate
BeoMulf39
Dota 2
Gorgc6514
qojqva2986
Dendi1247
Fuzer 296
XcaliburYe295
Counter-Strike
fl0m4309
ScreaM1595
gobbtv527
Heroes of the Storm
Liquid`Hasu506
Other Games
gofns2171
FrodaN834
Hui .418
KnowMe177
Organizations
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 13 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• Pr0nogo 4
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Counter-Strike
• Shiphtur47
Other Games
• WagamamaTV252
Upcoming Events
BSL Team Wars
2h 41m
Team Bonyth vs Team Sziky
BSL Team Wars
2h 41m
Team Dewalt vs Team Sziky
Afreeca Starleague
17h 41m
Soulkey vs BeSt
Snow vs Light
Monday Night Weeklies
23h 41m
Replay Cast
1d 7h
Sparkling Tuna Cup
1d 17h
PiGosaur Monday
2 days
LiuLi Cup
2 days
Replay Cast
3 days
The PondCast
3 days
[ Show More ]
RSL Revival
3 days
Maru vs SHIN
MaNa vs MaxPax
RSL Revival
4 days
Reynor vs Astrea
Classic vs sOs
BSL Team Wars
5 days
Team Bonyth vs Team Dewalt
CranKy Ducklings
5 days
RSL Revival
5 days
GuMiho vs Cham
ByuN vs TriGGeR
Cosmonarchy
5 days
TriGGeR vs YoungYakov
YoungYakov vs HonMonO
HonMonO vs TriGGeR
[BSL 2025] Weekly
6 days
RSL Revival
6 days
Cure vs Bunny
Creator vs Zoun
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Acropolis #4 - TS1
WardiTV Summer 2025
HCC Europe

Ongoing

Copa Latinoamericana 4
BSL 20 Team Wars
KCM Race Survival 2025 Season 3
BSL 21 Qualifiers
ASL Season 20
CSL Season 18: Qualifier 2
Maestros of the Game
SEL Season 2 Championship
Sisters' Call Cup
BLAST Open Fall Qual
Esports World Cup 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall Qual
IEM Cologne 2025
FISSURE Playground #1
BLAST.tv Austin Major 2025

Upcoming

CSL 2025 AUTUMN (S18)
LASL Season 20
2025 Chongqing Offline CUP
BSL Season 21
BSL 21 Team A
Chzzk MurlocKing SC1 vs SC2 Cup #2
EC S1
BLAST Rivals Fall 2025
Skyesports Masters 2025
IEM Chengdu 2025
PGL Masters Bucharest 2025
Thunderpick World Champ.
MESA Nomadic Masters Fall
CS Asia Championships 2025
ESL Pro League S22
StarSeries Fall 2025
FISSURE Playground #2
BLAST Open Fall 2025
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.