• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 13:04
CET 18:04
KST 02:04
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
ByuL: The Forgotten Master of ZvT30Behind the Blue - Team Liquid History Book19Clem wins HomeStory Cup 289HomeStory Cup 28 - Info & Preview13Rongyi Cup S3 - Preview & Info8
Community News
2026 KongFu Cup Announcement3BGE Stara Zagora 2026 cancelled11Blizzard Classic Cup - Tastosis announced as captains15Weekly Cups (March 2-8): ByuN overcomes PvT block4GSL CK - New online series18
StarCraft 2
General
Blizzard Classic Cup - Tastosis announced as captains BGE Stara Zagora 2026 cancelled BGE Stara Zagora 2026 announced ByuL: The Forgotten Master of ZvT Terran AddOns placement
Tourneys
Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament RSL Season 4 announced for March-April 2026 KongFu Cup Announcement [GSL CK] Team Maru vs. Team herO StarCraft Evolution League (SC Evo Biweekly)
Strategy
Custom Maps
Publishing has been re-enabled! [Feb 24th 2026] Map Editor closed ?
External Content
The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 516 Specter of Death Mutation # 515 Together Forever Mutation # 514 Ulnar New Year
Brood War
General
ASL21 General Discussion BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ Are you ready for ASL 21? Hype VIDEO Gypsy to Korea BW General Discussion
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [BSL22] Open Qualifiers & Ladder Tours IPSL Spring 2026 is here! ASL Season 21 Qualifiers March 7-8
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Soma's 9 hatch build from ASL Game 2 Fighting Spirit mining rates Zealot bombing is no longer popular?
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Path of Exile Nintendo Switch Thread PC Games Sales Thread No Man's Sky (PS4 and PC)
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion The Story of Wings Gaming
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Five o'clock TL Mafia Mafia Game Mode Feedback/Ideas Vanilla Mini Mafia TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Mexico's Drug War Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Russo-Ukrainian War Thread NASA and the Private Sector
Fan Clubs
The IdrA Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
[Manga] One Piece Movie Discussion! [Req][Books] Good Fantasy/SciFi books
Sports
Formula 1 Discussion 2024 - 2026 Football Thread General nutrition recommendations Cricket [SPORT] TL MMA Pick'em Pool 2013
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Laptop capable of using Photoshop Lightroom?
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Money Laundering In Video Ga…
TrAiDoS
Iranian anarchists: organize…
XenOsky
FS++
Kraekkling
Shocked by a laser…
Spydermine0240
Unintentional protectionism…
Uldridge
ASL S21 English Commentary…
namkraft
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 2177 users

[WCS AM] Premier Qualifiers Season 1 - Page 133

Forum Index > StarCraft 2 Tournaments
Post a Reply
Prev 1 131 132 133 134 135 274 Next
MOD NOTE: The bracket on Liquipedia is not final and should be assumed to be speculative. If you are a competitor, trust what MLG Admins tell you over the bracket.
_SpiRaL_
Profile Joined December 2012
Afghanistan1636 Posts
April 21 2013 13:16 GMT
#2641
On April 21 2013 17:36 mikkmagro wrote:
And people whined that ESL was messing it up, yet they did an amazing job compared to MLG. Dat bracket.

They stopped several Chinese players from competing.
They allowed cheaters to participate.
They allowed HyuN, who is playing in Code S Korea, to participate. (Though Quantic's management should've told him that he couldn't)

Furthermore, the skill difference between some of the invitees, and the people trying to qualify is ridiculous. If there is one thing that ESL did right, was that their invites were spot on. There was very little place for arguments as to who should be there, and who shouldn't. On the other hand, the qualifiers in NA are more stacked than the Premier Division itself lol.

Blizzard's intention to 'help the scene develop' by allowing Koreans to participate in NA from Korea is ridiculous. Koreans have great infrastructure. NA (and EU) players have zilch. Hell, there's only a handful of North American players you can truly call professionals. Just by 'aspiring to do better', you won't be able to beat the Koreans who practice all day long in team houses with great players and coaches.

Cut the prizepool by 75%, and impose a residency requirement, and NA players will be overjoyed, and it will help develop the scene much more. give some of the rest for another China/SEA league, and you have a great tournament structure.


At least one huge omission in EU with Lowely not getting an invite meanwhile people like TLO with almost no results did.
Red and yellow are all I see
Bocian
Profile Joined September 2010
Poland259 Posts
April 21 2013 13:56 GMT
#2642
On April 21 2013 22:16 _SpiRaL_ wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 21 2013 17:36 mikkmagro wrote:
And people whined that ESL was messing it up, yet they did an amazing job compared to MLG. Dat bracket.

They stopped several Chinese players from competing.
They allowed cheaters to participate.
They allowed HyuN, who is playing in Code S Korea, to participate. (Though Quantic's management should've told him that he couldn't)

Furthermore, the skill difference between some of the invitees, and the people trying to qualify is ridiculous. If there is one thing that ESL did right, was that their invites were spot on. There was very little place for arguments as to who should be there, and who shouldn't. On the other hand, the qualifiers in NA are more stacked than the Premier Division itself lol.

Blizzard's intention to 'help the scene develop' by allowing Koreans to participate in NA from Korea is ridiculous. Koreans have great infrastructure. NA (and EU) players have zilch. Hell, there's only a handful of North American players you can truly call professionals. Just by 'aspiring to do better', you won't be able to beat the Koreans who practice all day long in team houses with great players and coaches.

Cut the prizepool by 75%, and impose a residency requirement, and NA players will be overjoyed, and it will help develop the scene much more. give some of the rest for another China/SEA league, and you have a great tournament structure.


At least one huge omission in EU with Lowely not getting an invite meanwhile people like TLO with almost no results did.

getting 3 times top 8 in major EU tournaments = no results. It's hard to believe how many stupid haters sc2 scene has...
Giriath
Profile Joined May 2011
Sweden2412 Posts
April 21 2013 14:04 GMT
#2643
On April 21 2013 18:04 4ZakeN87 wrote:
So.. only Koreans will qualify.. most probably.

That means that NA WCS just turned into some weak version of Code S for Koreans that don't want to commit against the top players of the world and prefer easy money... Well that sounds reeeeally exciting..

Why should I watch this now again? x)

Not to mention that this is only season 1, it is only going to get more swarmed with "not quite code S Koreans"


Hopefully in another two years we will refer to top players as WCS Global Finals Koreans.

Over time, as better players qualify and replace the weaker players in the NA and EU premier leagues, they should catch up to KR.

This doesn't help NA and EU players though, except maybe for a few first-season invitees who hopefully decide to get the best practice regimen they can, in order to keep their spot.
Education should be our seniors guiding us to be "who" we want to be, not "what" we want to be.
_SpiRaL_
Profile Joined December 2012
Afghanistan1636 Posts
April 21 2013 14:09 GMT
#2644
On April 21 2013 22:56 Bocian wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 21 2013 22:16 _SpiRaL_ wrote:
On April 21 2013 17:36 mikkmagro wrote:
And people whined that ESL was messing it up, yet they did an amazing job compared to MLG. Dat bracket.

They stopped several Chinese players from competing.
They allowed cheaters to participate.
They allowed HyuN, who is playing in Code S Korea, to participate. (Though Quantic's management should've told him that he couldn't)

Furthermore, the skill difference between some of the invitees, and the people trying to qualify is ridiculous. If there is one thing that ESL did right, was that their invites were spot on. There was very little place for arguments as to who should be there, and who shouldn't. On the other hand, the qualifiers in NA are more stacked than the Premier Division itself lol.

Blizzard's intention to 'help the scene develop' by allowing Koreans to participate in NA from Korea is ridiculous. Koreans have great infrastructure. NA (and EU) players have zilch. Hell, there's only a handful of North American players you can truly call professionals. Just by 'aspiring to do better', you won't be able to beat the Koreans who practice all day long in team houses with great players and coaches.

Cut the prizepool by 75%, and impose a residency requirement, and NA players will be overjoyed, and it will help develop the scene much more. give some of the rest for another China/SEA league, and you have a great tournament structure.


At least one huge omission in EU with Lowely not getting an invite meanwhile people like TLO with almost no results did.

getting 3 times top 8 in major EU tournaments = no results. It's hard to believe how many stupid haters sc2 scene has...


Top 8? Right.....

Lowely's results were superior. He is not on Team Liquid though with a popular stream. How on Earth am I a hater? I really like TLO but there's no way to argue the point that TLO deserved the invite ahead of Lowely.

In general though the EU invites were good and much better than the American ones.
Red and yellow are all I see
4ZakeN87
Profile Joined June 2011
Sweden1071 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-04-21 14:11:13
April 21 2013 14:09 GMT
#2645
On April 21 2013 21:50 pepe08 wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 21 2013 18:04 4ZakeN87 wrote:
So.. only Koreans will qualify.. most probably.

That means that NA WCS just turned into some weak version of Code S for Koreans that don't want to commit against the top players of the world and prefer easy money... Well that sounds reeeeally exciting..

Why should I watch this now again? x)

Not to mention that this is only season 1, it is only going to get more swarmed with "not quite code S Koreans"


only question i have for you is: this will start somewhere around midnight during weekdays for EU.
even if no korean would get in, do you think many people from EU will watch it?


No probably not to many. Depend on the time though, people could still watch VOD:s. I would, might still do if I am proven wrong, which I hope I am.

Just bothers me that it could have been much better, it had a possibility to be something unique. Now it looks like it will turn into a weak version of code-s. I hope it does not but if there are 50% Koreans in the first season already... it is not going to get any less you know.

Know here is a question that I want all the "skill above all" people should ask themself. Say that we have 70% sub code-s Koreans in next season, what are the reasons to watch WCS NA compared to watching GSL? I mean it will be exactly the same format, same everything just with a weaker player base with less interesting storylines.

"Oh here is a new WCS NA Korean. Looks like another one that gotten tired of competing against the KESPA players and that decided to fly over to NA to grab some easy cash" Wow how intriguing, I can barely contain my excitement x)
"Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler" Einstein
Tobon
Profile Joined March 2011
United States372 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-04-21 14:14:46
April 21 2013 14:14 GMT
#2646
On April 21 2013 23:04 Giriath wrote:
Over time, as better players qualify and replace the weaker players in the NA and EU premier leagues, they should catch up to KR.
Yep. And then we'll have 3 leagues that are equally worth watching, which will be awesome. Personally, I think all 3 are already worth watching, though I understand people who are disappointed with the makeup of NA.

This doesn't help NA and EU players though, except maybe for a few first-season invitees who hopefully decide to get the best practice regimen they can, in order to keep their spot.
But it does help them! The problem before was that you could have a great practice regimen, but there weren't enough world-class players in your timezone / low-ping region to have sufficient competition to build skill, nor was there enough prize money / high-profile tournaments in order to make a living without moving to Korea, which is an enormous (and artificial) barrier for most people.

Boanerges
Profile Joined March 2012
Switzerland156 Posts
April 21 2013 14:36 GMT
#2647
Well.. atleast Europe holded . The NA Premier Division will be 12 to 14 no NA Players in the round of 16. There is even a big chance that no NA Player will be in the RO16. Check: Groups: A: Hero + Q / B: Violet + Q / C: Polt + Q / D: Ryung + Q /
E: Nestea + Q / F: Snute + Q / G: Sen + Q / H: Moonglade + Q
That would then be 5Koreans 1European 1Taiwan 1Australia + Q's. With the highest chance of Scarlett (Canada) group B to make it out.
LB1 NA hopes: qxc : he has to go throu most likely 3 Koreans and Demuslim (Europe) to qualify = unlikely
LB2 NA hopes: Nony/Badcop: Waekest LB but still Motok Miya and HwangSin and the Chinese Fruitbasket = guess no
LB3 NA hopes: Incontrol: Apocalypse, Heart , Top = not gonna happen
LB4 NA hopes: ???: Sage, JYP, Alive = don't think so

Solution: More practice! Raise children with female gamers for 3 or 4 generations. Then compete again ....
sc2superfan101
Profile Blog Joined February 2012
3583 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-04-21 14:40:52
April 21 2013 14:40 GMT
#2648
Europe "held" with like 1/4 the Koreans trying to qualify, and those Koreans being 2-3 tiers below the quality of guys in NA.

EU is better than NA, but it's by degrees. KR is better than both by whole levels.
My fake plants died because I did not pretend to water them.
Dexington
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
Canada7276 Posts
April 21 2013 14:40 GMT
#2649
On April 21 2013 22:56 Bocian wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 21 2013 22:16 _SpiRaL_ wrote:
On April 21 2013 17:36 mikkmagro wrote:
And people whined that ESL was messing it up, yet they did an amazing job compared to MLG. Dat bracket.

They stopped several Chinese players from competing.
They allowed cheaters to participate.
They allowed HyuN, who is playing in Code S Korea, to participate. (Though Quantic's management should've told him that he couldn't)

Furthermore, the skill difference between some of the invitees, and the people trying to qualify is ridiculous. If there is one thing that ESL did right, was that their invites were spot on. There was very little place for arguments as to who should be there, and who shouldn't. On the other hand, the qualifiers in NA are more stacked than the Premier Division itself lol.

Blizzard's intention to 'help the scene develop' by allowing Koreans to participate in NA from Korea is ridiculous. Koreans have great infrastructure. NA (and EU) players have zilch. Hell, there's only a handful of North American players you can truly call professionals. Just by 'aspiring to do better', you won't be able to beat the Koreans who practice all day long in team houses with great players and coaches.

Cut the prizepool by 75%, and impose a residency requirement, and NA players will be overjoyed, and it will help develop the scene much more. give some of the rest for another China/SEA league, and you have a great tournament structure.


At least one huge omission in EU with Lowely not getting an invite meanwhile people like TLO with almost no results did.

getting 3 times top 8 in major EU tournaments = no results. It's hard to believe how many stupid haters sc2 scene has...


Lowely got 4th at WCS EU last year and didn't get an invite this year. How does that make sense?
"Man you guys are missing out waving your stats dicks about instead of watching this pvp" - bbm
trudodyr
Profile Joined March 2011
182 Posts
April 21 2013 14:44 GMT
#2650

Lowely got 4th at WCS EU last year and didn't get an invite this year. How does that make sense?

One could argue that TLO's HotS results have been better than Lowelys (who was a bitter disappointment in the qualifiers, btw).
4ZakeN87
Profile Joined June 2011
Sweden1071 Posts
April 21 2013 14:55 GMT
#2651
On April 21 2013 23:40 sc2superfan101 wrote:
Europe "held" with like 1/4 the Koreans trying to qualify, and those Koreans being 2-3 tiers below the quality of guys in NA.

EU is better than NA, but it's by degrees. KR is better than both by whole levels.


Should have an EU / NA battle sometime. That would be interesting ^
"Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler" Einstein
Boanerges
Profile Joined March 2012
Switzerland156 Posts
April 21 2013 15:00 GMT
#2652
On April 21 2013 23:55 4ZakeN87 wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 21 2013 23:40 sc2superfan101 wrote:
Europe "held" with like 1/4 the Koreans trying to qualify, and those Koreans being 2-3 tiers below the quality of guys in NA.

EU is better than NA, but it's by degrees. KR is better than both by whole levels.


Should have an EU / NA battle sometime. That would be interesting ^

No, it wouldn't be interesting -.- .
o)_Saurus
Profile Joined January 2011
Germany260 Posts
April 21 2013 15:00 GMT
#2653
On April 21 2013 23:40 sc2superfan101 wrote:
Europe "held" with like 1/4 the Koreans trying to qualify, and those Koreans being 2-3 tiers below the quality of guys in NA.

EU is better than NA, but it's by degrees. KR is better than both by whole levels.


Yeah you're right. Finale and Tails are definitly 3 if not 6 tiers below the likes of Crank or Center.
Cyrak
Profile Joined July 2011
Canada536 Posts
April 21 2013 15:09 GMT
#2654
EU is going to get shitstomped by the Koreans at the regional finals just as badly as the NA players will. Anyone who thinks otherwise is delusional. The fact that EU "held" is due to the fact that there were 4 koreans, not 20 and that they were significantly worse than most of the koreans that played the NA qualifier, and that's not even factoring in the fact that KR->NA latency is much better than KR->EU.
Fortune favors the prepared mind.
Boanerges
Profile Joined March 2012
Switzerland156 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-04-21 15:14:26
April 21 2013 15:12 GMT
#2655
EU wont get "shitstomped" as hard as NA. And EU would "Shitstomp" NA. Even on NA Ladder EU is #1 and #2.
Cyrak
Profile Joined July 2011
Canada536 Posts
April 21 2013 15:14 GMT
#2656
On April 22 2013 00:12 Boanerges wrote:
EU wont get "shitstomped" as hard as NA. And EU would "Shitstomp" NA. Even on NA Ladder EU is #1.


Sure, they will lose 2-0 in slightly longer games than their NA counterparts. Fortress Europe!!
Fortune favors the prepared mind.
Boanerges
Profile Joined March 2012
Switzerland156 Posts
April 21 2013 15:16 GMT
#2657
Yeah right oO! Tails Finale etc. were such walkovers right... well well.. what would one expect with that kind of education program...

User was temp banned for this post.
govie
Profile Blog Joined November 2012
9334 Posts
April 21 2013 15:20 GMT
#2658
On April 22 2013 00:14 Cyrak wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 22 2013 00:12 Boanerges wrote:
EU wont get "shitstomped" as hard as NA. And EU would "Shitstomp" NA. Even on NA Ladder EU is #1.


Sure, they will lose 2-0 in slightly longer games than their NA counterparts. Fortress Europe!!


If u type less u here u can practise more...
The two NBA teams in states with legal weed are called the Nuggets and the Blazers...
sc2superfan101
Profile Blog Joined February 2012
3583 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-04-21 15:24:11
April 21 2013 15:22 GMT
#2659
On April 22 2013 00:00 o)_Saurus wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 21 2013 23:40 sc2superfan101 wrote:
Europe "held" with like 1/4 the Koreans trying to qualify, and those Koreans being 2-3 tiers below the quality of guys in NA.

EU is better than NA, but it's by degrees. KR is better than both by whole levels.


Yeah you're right. Finale and Tails are definitly 3 if not 6 tiers below the likes of Crank or Center.

I would argue that JD, Alive, Oz, and even theSTC are at least one tier above Finale and Tails. Probably higher.

We'll have to wait and see what happens in the actual tournaments, but I don't think anyone will be surprised if Koreans take the First, Second, Third and maybe even Fourth spot in the EU WCS.
My fake plants died because I did not pretend to water them.
Boanerges
Profile Joined March 2012
Switzerland156 Posts
April 21 2013 15:25 GMT
#2660
Well its ok if they take the first 4 spots, i doubt it. Still better than get kind of the whole first 16 :D..
Prev 1 131 132 133 134 135 274 Next
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
uThermal 2v2 Circuit
17:00
Bonus Cup #5
SteadfastSC40
Liquipedia
PSISTORM Gaming Misc
15:55
FSL Playoffs ST vs PTB
Freeedom29
Liquipedia
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
Liquid`TLO 183
uThermal 128
SteadfastSC 40
Rex 29
MindelVK 5
Vindicta 2
StarCraft: Brood War
Sea 36795
Jaedong 1135
EffOrt 600
Mini 274
Shuttle 273
BeSt 254
Nal_rA 171
Dewaltoss 150
Mind 74
Backho 58
[ Show more ]
Aegong 38
ToSsGirL 29
Rock 27
scan(afreeca) 26
IntoTheRainbow 24
zelot 12
NaDa 9
Dota 2
Gorgc5276
qojqva1715
syndereN192
LuMiX1
monkeys_forever0
Counter-Strike
fl0m3696
byalli302
Heroes of the Storm
Khaldor640
Liquid`Hasu415
Trikslyr78
Other Games
gofns19185
tarik_tv9005
Grubby1698
B2W.Neo1036
Beastyqt492
crisheroes269
Fuzer 151
KnowMe143
ArmadaUGS70
BananaSlamJamma69
Organizations
Dota 2
PGL Dota 2 - Main Stream15633
Other Games
gamesdonequick1636
ComeBackTV 249
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 20 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• StrangeGG 73
• LUISG 28
• Sammyuel 21
• Hinosc 15
• Adnapsc2 3
• Migwel
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• IndyKCrew
• sooper7s
• intothetv
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• Kozan
StarCraft: Brood War
• Azhi_Dahaki13
• Michael_bg 4
• iopq 2
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
• BSLYoutube
League of Legends
• Nemesis8630
• Shiphtur333
Upcoming Events
BSL
2h 56m
Sparkling Tuna Cup
16h 56m
RSL Revival
16h 56m
ByuN vs SHIN
Maru vs Krystianer
WardiTV Team League
18h 56m
Patches Events
23h 56m
BSL
1d 2h
Replay Cast
1d 6h
Replay Cast
1d 15h
Wardi Open
1d 18h
Monday Night Weeklies
1d 23h
[ Show More ]
OSC
2 days
WardiTV Team League
2 days
GSL
3 days
The PondCast
4 days
KCM Race Survival
4 days
WardiTV Team League
4 days
Replay Cast
5 days
KCM Race Survival
5 days
WardiTV Team League
5 days
Korean StarCraft League
6 days
uThermal 2v2 Circuit
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Proleague 2026-03-13
WardiTV Winter 2026
Underdog Cup #3

Ongoing

KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 1
Jeongseon Sooper Cup
BSL Season 22
RSL Revival: Season 4
Nations Cup 2026
ESL Pro League S23 Finals
ESL Pro League S23 Stage 1&2
PGL Cluj-Napoca 2026
IEM Kraków 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter Qual

Upcoming

CSL Elite League 2026
ASL Season 21
Acropolis #4 - TS6
2026 Changsha Offline CUP
Acropolis #4
IPSL Spring 2026
CSLAN 4
Kung Fu Cup 2026 Grand Finals
HSC XXIX
uThermal 2v2 2026 Main Event
NationLESS Cup
Stake Ranked Episode 2
CS Asia Championships 2026
IEM Atlanta 2026
Asian Champions League 2026
PGL Astana 2026
BLAST Rivals Spring 2026
CCT Season 3 Global Finals
IEM Rio 2026
PGL Bucharest 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 1
BLAST Open Spring 2026
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.