• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EST 19:46
CET 01:46
KST 09:46
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
RSL Revival - 2025 Season Finals Preview6RSL Season 3 - Playoffs Preview0RSL Season 3 - RO16 Groups C & D Preview0RSL Season 3 - RO16 Groups A & B Preview2TL.net Map Contest #21: Winners12
Community News
Weekly Cups (Dec 1-7): Clem doubles, Solar gets over the hump1Weekly Cups (Nov 24-30): MaxPax, Clem, herO win2BGE Stara Zagora 2026 announced15[BSL21] Ro.16 Group Stage (C->B->A->D)4Weekly Cups (Nov 17-23): Solar, MaxPax, Clem win3
StarCraft 2
General
RSL Revival - 2025 Season Finals Preview Weekly Cups (Dec 1-7): Clem doubles, Solar gets over the hump Chinese SC2 server to reopen; live all-star event in Hangzhou Maestros of the Game: Live Finals Preview (RO4) BGE Stara Zagora 2026 announced
Tourneys
RSL Offline Finals Info - Dec 13 and 14! Tenacious Turtle Tussle 2025 RSL Offline Finals Dates + Ticket Sales! Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament StarCraft2.fi 15th Anniversary Cup
Strategy
Custom Maps
Map Editor closed ?
External Content
Mutation # 503 Fowl Play Mutation # 502 Negative Reinforcement Mutation # 501 Price of Progress Mutation # 500 Fright night
Brood War
General
[BSL21] RO8 Bracket & Prediction Contest BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ BW General Discussion FlaSh on: Biggest Problem With SnOw's Playstyle Let's talk about Metropolis
Tourneys
[ASL20] Grand Finals [BSL21] RO8 - Day 2 - Sunday 21:00 CET [BSL21] RO8 - Day 1 - Saturday 21:00 CET Small VOD Thread 2.0
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Game Theory for Starcraft Fighting Spirit mining rates Current Meta
Other Games
General Games
Dawn of War IV Path of Exile Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Awesome Games Done Quick 2026! Nintendo Switch Thread
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Mafia Game Mode Feedback/Ideas Survivor II: The Amazon Sengoku Mafia TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
Russo-Ukrainian War Thread US Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine YouTube Thread European Politico-economics QA Mega-thread
Fan Clubs
White-Ra Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread [Manga] One Piece Movie Discussion!
Sports
Formula 1 Discussion 2024 - 2026 Football Thread
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
TL+ Announced Where to ask questions and add stream?
Blogs
How Sleep Deprivation Affect…
TrAiDoS
I decided to write a webnov…
DjKniteX
James Bond movies ranking - pa…
Topin
Thanks for the RSL
Hildegard
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 1784 users

TL Mafia Behavior - Page 4

Forum Index > TL Mafia
Post a Reply
Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 13 14 Next All
Blazinghand *
Profile Blog Joined December 2010
United States25557 Posts
December 17 2013 00:32 GMT
#61
On December 17 2013 09:29 GMarshal wrote:
I don't agree with removing the banlist, because as mig said, its crucial for dealing with inactives. I also don't thin TL higher ups would be amenable to a council essentially controlling how tl bans are meted out.


The simplest solution then imo is to just ban people when they get modkilled for behavior, and ban them when the game ends if they get warned for behavior. You will have the last say in whether or not the warning or modkill was justified, and if people see bad behavior, they could also bring that to your attention-- but the general rule should be "if the host has to warn you or modkill you, expect a temp ban when the game ends, or on the spot if you were modkilled" would go a long way imo.
When you stare into the iCCup, the iCCup stares back.
TL+ Member
Corazon
Profile Blog Joined November 2011
United States3230 Posts
December 17 2013 00:35 GMT
#62
There are also the people that constantly troll other players who don't do enough to get the hosts attention but do enough to get the person being trolled wanting to use the report button because he doesn't feel it is being handled correctly by the hosts.

We need a system to get rid of people who don't actually play the game and only troll, yet don't get any punishment because they are considered "veterans" by everyone else and immune to all of the rules.
Grubby's #1 Fan
Blazinghand *
Profile Blog Joined December 2010
United States25557 Posts
December 17 2013 00:41 GMT
#63
On December 17 2013 09:35 Corazon wrote:
There are also the people that constantly troll other players who don't do enough to get the hosts attention but do enough to get the person being trolled wanting to use the report button because he doesn't feel it is being handled correctly by the hosts.

We need a system to get rid of people who don't actually play the game and only troll, yet don't get any punishment because they are considered "veterans" by everyone else and immune to all of the rules.


You're talking about something beyond just a temp ban, here, right? I recommend for situations like that that we use a "wisdom of the crowds" style rule that GM uses in his setups. Here's what he used most recently:

On November 16 2013 02:48 GMarshal wrote:
Special Signup rule: Wisdom of the Crowds: If you do not wish to play with a player for any reason, PM me, if I receive enough votes against a player (five or more) then he or she will not be allowed to play in this game. Your vote against a player will be held in the strictest confidence. You *must* be signed up to vote against someone.


This way, if there's a player who everyone hates but people are afraid to speak up about, there is a confidential way to not have to play with him! IMO Wisdom of the Crowds should become a standard rule for non-invite games.
When you stare into the iCCup, the iCCup stares back.
TL+ Member
Corazon
Profile Blog Joined November 2011
United States3230 Posts
December 17 2013 00:43 GMT
#64
On December 17 2013 09:41 Blazinghand wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 17 2013 09:35 Corazon wrote:
There are also the people that constantly troll other players who don't do enough to get the hosts attention but do enough to get the person being trolled wanting to use the report button because he doesn't feel it is being handled correctly by the hosts.

We need a system to get rid of people who don't actually play the game and only troll, yet don't get any punishment because they are considered "veterans" by everyone else and immune to all of the rules.


You're talking about something beyond just a temp ban, here, right? I recommend for situations like that that we use a "wisdom of the crowds" style rule that GM uses in his setups. Here's what he used most recently:

Show nested quote +
On November 16 2013 02:48 GMarshal wrote:
Special Signup rule: Wisdom of the Crowds: If you do not wish to play with a player for any reason, PM me, if I receive enough votes against a player (five or more) then he or she will not be allowed to play in this game. Your vote against a player will be held in the strictest confidence. You *must* be signed up to vote against someone.


This way, if there's a player who everyone hates but people are afraid to speak up about, there is a confidential way to not have to play with him! IMO Wisdom of the Crowds should become a standard rule for non-invite games.

Yes I agree with this. However, only GM does that.

However, there are also people who troll outside of games or on PMs/non-game threads and can't get punished because it isn't a game. I just report those posts and nothing gets done about them.
Grubby's #1 Fan
Blazinghand *
Profile Blog Joined December 2010
United States25557 Posts
December 17 2013 00:46 GMT
#65
On December 17 2013 09:43 Corazon wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 17 2013 09:41 Blazinghand wrote:
On December 17 2013 09:35 Corazon wrote:
There are also the people that constantly troll other players who don't do enough to get the hosts attention but do enough to get the person being trolled wanting to use the report button because he doesn't feel it is being handled correctly by the hosts.

We need a system to get rid of people who don't actually play the game and only troll, yet don't get any punishment because they are considered "veterans" by everyone else and immune to all of the rules.


You're talking about something beyond just a temp ban, here, right? I recommend for situations like that that we use a "wisdom of the crowds" style rule that GM uses in his setups. Here's what he used most recently:

On November 16 2013 02:48 GMarshal wrote:
Special Signup rule: Wisdom of the Crowds: If you do not wish to play with a player for any reason, PM me, if I receive enough votes against a player (five or more) then he or she will not be allowed to play in this game. Your vote against a player will be held in the strictest confidence. You *must* be signed up to vote against someone.


This way, if there's a player who everyone hates but people are afraid to speak up about, there is a confidential way to not have to play with him! IMO Wisdom of the Crowds should become a standard rule for non-invite games.

Yes I agree with this. However, only GM does that.

However, there are also people who troll outside of games or on PMs/non-game threads and can't get punished because it isn't a game. I just report those posts and nothing gets done about them.


It only being GM who uses that rule is a problem, you're right-- so, let's roll Wisdom of the Crowds into our new banlist policy revamp. I personally promise that regardless of what gets chosen I'll include Wisdom of the Crowds in all games I host from now on anyways.

Re: reporting posts in non-game threads, I recommend you PM GM instead of reporting them. I think the TL Mods mostly leave reports coming in from TL Mafia forum alone since they are somewhat aware of our internal rules. PM GM with quote, link, and reason.
When you stare into the iCCup, the iCCup stares back.
TL+ Member
Corazon
Profile Blog Joined November 2011
United States3230 Posts
December 17 2013 00:47 GMT
#66
I feel like if I PM GM anymore he's going to hate me forever.
I'll have a lot of stuff to pm him with after a certain game is over.
Grubby's #1 Fan
Blazinghand *
Profile Blog Joined December 2010
United States25557 Posts
December 17 2013 00:49 GMT
#67
Hm, I see what you're saying, but the alternative which is hitting the Report button is less likely to get good results. That being said I have found GM to be nothing but patient, reasonable, and highly sexy (wink wink) in my interactions with him and I'm sure he'll hear you out if you notice legitimate violations of TL Forum guidelines in a non-game thread.
When you stare into the iCCup, the iCCup stares back.
TL+ Member
GMarshal
Profile Blog Joined March 2010
United States22154 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-12-17 00:51:01
December 17 2013 00:50 GMT
#68
On December 17 2013 09:47 Corazon wrote:
I feel like if I PM GM anymore he's going to hate me forever.
I'll have a lot of stuff to pm him with after a certain game is over.

My inbox feels lonely if I have less than 20 pms in the morning anyway, so go for it :-P

EDIT: And if ignore you, it means I read your pm, intended to reply and got sidetracked and forgot, which happens, oftenish.
Moderator
LSB
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
United States5171 Posts
December 17 2013 00:55 GMT
#69
I am really saddened by the fact that this is becoming a problem

I believe TL is a place built on heavy moderation, and as users of the site we should agree with this policy. This whole "this forum is a special place for flame" doesn't make sense to me. People need to begin to understand their behavior in a mafia game should have consequences for outside of the game. At the same time, I think we should reward good sportsmanship. Possibly invite only games, having hosts put tags behind players on the signup sheet for "friendly play" ect.

Although disruptive a ban may be, flame is even more disruptive to a game.

On December 17 2013 09:15 Crossfire99 wrote:
Also, I was thinking of having a rule where aside from the insults in general, if I were to ask a player the purpose of a post, they better have an answer. Like how does that post further your agenda to achieve your win condition (again excluding the excessive personal attacks caveat). If someone cannot answer that question then again a warn/modkill is in order.

I find it problematical when people consider insults as necessary to further their win condition, or bait to attempt to further their win condition. A lot of us play mafia because we want to have fun, and I want to make a fun environment.
Once is an accident. Twice is coincidence. Three times is an enemy action. Bus Driver can never target themselves I'm sorry
Alakaslam
Profile Blog Joined September 2011
United States17336 Posts
December 17 2013 01:01 GMT
#70
On December 17 2013 09:41 Blazinghand wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 17 2013 09:35 Corazon wrote:
There are also the people that constantly troll other players who don't do enough to get the hosts attention but do enough to get the person being trolled wanting to use the report button because he doesn't feel it is being handled correctly by the hosts.

We need a system to get rid of people who don't actually play the game and only troll, yet don't get any punishment because they are considered "veterans" by everyone else and immune to all of the rules.


You're talking about something beyond just a temp ban, here, right? I recommend for situations like that that we use a "wisdom of the crowds" style rule that GM uses in his setups. Here's what he used most recently:

Show nested quote +
On November 16 2013 02:48 GMarshal wrote:
Special Signup rule: Wisdom of the Crowds: If you do not wish to play with a player for any reason, PM me, if I receive enough votes against a player (five or more) then he or she will not be allowed to play in this game. Your vote against a player will be held in the strictest confidence. You *must* be signed up to vote against someone.


This way, if there's a player who everyone hates but people are afraid to speak up about, there is a confidential way to not have to play with him! IMO Wisdom of the Crowds should become a standard rule for non-invite games.

Duly noted.
If you think Elon Musk is a Nazi, it is because YOU radicalized him!
WaveofShadow
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Canada31495 Posts
December 17 2013 01:10 GMT
#71
On December 17 2013 09:46 Blazinghand wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 17 2013 09:43 Corazon wrote:
On December 17 2013 09:41 Blazinghand wrote:
On December 17 2013 09:35 Corazon wrote:
There are also the people that constantly troll other players who don't do enough to get the hosts attention but do enough to get the person being trolled wanting to use the report button because he doesn't feel it is being handled correctly by the hosts.

We need a system to get rid of people who don't actually play the game and only troll, yet don't get any punishment because they are considered "veterans" by everyone else and immune to all of the rules.


You're talking about something beyond just a temp ban, here, right? I recommend for situations like that that we use a "wisdom of the crowds" style rule that GM uses in his setups. Here's what he used most recently:

On November 16 2013 02:48 GMarshal wrote:
Special Signup rule: Wisdom of the Crowds: If you do not wish to play with a player for any reason, PM me, if I receive enough votes against a player (five or more) then he or she will not be allowed to play in this game. Your vote against a player will be held in the strictest confidence. You *must* be signed up to vote against someone.


This way, if there's a player who everyone hates but people are afraid to speak up about, there is a confidential way to not have to play with him! IMO Wisdom of the Crowds should become a standard rule for non-invite games.

Yes I agree with this. However, only GM does that.

However, there are also people who troll outside of games or on PMs/non-game threads and can't get punished because it isn't a game. I just report those posts and nothing gets done about them.


It only being GM who uses that rule is a problem, you're right-- so, let's roll Wisdom of the Crowds into our new banlist policy revamp. I personally promise that regardless of what gets chosen I'll include Wisdom of the Crowds in all games I host from now on anyways.

Re: reporting posts in non-game threads, I recommend you PM GM instead of reporting them. I think the TL Mods mostly leave reports coming in from TL Mafia forum alone since they are somewhat aware of our internal rules. PM GM with quote, link, and reason.

I certainly like the idea of putting Wisdom of the Crowds as an actual rule in every game. We don't have enough people trolly or malicious enough on this subforum to abuse it (ie disallowing someone from entering a game even if they have no reason to be disallowed because 5 people are assholes ) and it actually might prevent some of the larger problem cases from ruining games even if many people are apathetic enough about WotC to not bother voting/complaining.
twitch.tv/waveofshadow ||| Winner of AHGL's So You Think You Can Cast! ||| Juicy Dad for lyfe ||| 'idk i get a kick out of stupid things' - Jarms Yarng
GreYMisT
Profile Blog Joined October 2010
United States6736 Posts
December 17 2013 01:31 GMT
#72
Wisdom of the crowds is a great solution and I recommend everyone does it. If we make that standard it might slowly correct the problems we face. I know I'll be using it if I choose to host again.
"life of lively to live to life of full life thx to shield battery" / Join TL Mafia! http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/index.php?show_part=31
kushm4sta
Profile Blog Joined July 2011
United States8878 Posts
December 17 2013 01:54 GMT
#73
sounds like a terrible rule that is going to make people feel bad.
quick let me organize a couple of people through PMs and we can someone who we dont like feel terrible. that is some high school level shit you are enabling.
OMGUS.net, kush sex blogs every friday night
Mid or Feed
Profile Joined November 2013
Korea (South)250 Posts
December 17 2013 01:59 GMT
#74
On December 17 2013 10:54 kushm4sta wrote:
sounds like a terrible rule that is going to make people feel bad.
quick let me organize a couple of people through PMs and we can someone who we dont like feel terrible. that is some high school level shit you are enabling.

Actually like I've already said, for the most part that won't happen here. Unless you're worried for some other reason, kush.
Me mid or AFK nubs nubs nubs
Risen
Profile Blog Joined March 2010
United States7927 Posts
December 17 2013 02:01 GMT
#75
There are points to both sides Kush, and I'm leaning towards no "Wisdom of the Crowds", but again I feel the answer is simply stricter hosting. That's it, the end. If THAT fails then escalate things imo.
Pufftrees Everyday>its like a rifter that just used X-Factor/Liquid'Nony: I hope no one lip read XD/Holyflare>it's like policy lynching but better/Resident Los Angeles bachelor
DarthPunk
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
Australia10857 Posts
December 17 2013 02:01 GMT
#76
Hmm. I wasn't sure if I was going to post something here but I guess I will.

As someone who I guess has reputation as being a bit of a dick and who uses aggressiveness or whatever you want to call it as part of their defined meta and as a legitimate tool in the game I don't think it is appropriate to moderate this forum in the same way as the rest of the forum is moderated.

The fact of the matter is that mafia is a game of social interaction and being a dick is an important tool which many of the best players use when playing the game. If you remove that tool I think you are removing something important from the game itself.

Sure, It can become too much, and sometimes goes beyond playing the game and turns into something more and that is when you need to take a break from mafia. If things begin to upset you or things that are said during a game are taken personally then people should strongly consider taking a break to recharge the batteries as I have done.

But this is not the same as general discussion in a forum, This is a game in which being aggressive and slightly abusive totally and fundamentally has a place.

Sure there are Issues and here are some I have noticed.

Taking things personally and becoming abusive purely for personal reasons rather than as a part of the game.

Holding grudges and playing out those grudges within a game.

An example of these two things would be the unhealthy relationship that Cora and Coag share. They clearly have issues with one another and those issues are played out repeatedly, game after game, thread after thread.

Things that happen in one game should NEVER be continued into the next game.

Another point I think is important is that being toxic whilst not playing to your win condition has got to go.

This happens all the time and it is probably one of the worse things in the game.

It is fundamental to the game of mafia to be able to be a dick or abusive as part of the game. It is fundamental that people understand that it is only a part of the game and do not take things personally, hold grudges, play against their win condition by being toxic, carry on their disagreements into the next game etc.

Many of the best players in these forums are a bit salty.

Ace, Marv, Viscera Eyes, Blazinghand, Palmar etc.

Many of the ideas being espoused here sincerely make me worry about the future of the game on this site.

"If I wanted your opinion, I'd have told you what it was."
Risen
Profile Blog Joined March 2010
United States7927 Posts
December 17 2013 02:01 GMT
#77
On December 17 2013 10:59 Mid or Feed wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 17 2013 10:54 kushm4sta wrote:
sounds like a terrible rule that is going to make people feel bad.
quick let me organize a couple of people through PMs and we can someone who we dont like feel terrible. that is some high school level shit you are enabling.

Actually like I've already said, for the most part that won't happen here. Unless you're worried for some other reason, kush.

Nice account
Pufftrees Everyday>its like a rifter that just used X-Factor/Liquid'Nony: I hope no one lip read XD/Holyflare>it's like policy lynching but better/Resident Los Angeles bachelor
DarthPunk
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
Australia10857 Posts
December 17 2013 02:06 GMT
#78
I do not think that an institutionalized exclusion policy is the answer. That is really messed up. If you don't want to play with someone just don't play.

The wisdom of the crowds just gives people and outlet to express their personal grudges or biases both of which are unhealthy and should not exist in the first place.
"If I wanted your opinion, I'd have told you what it was."
DarthPunk
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
Australia10857 Posts
December 17 2013 02:08 GMT
#79
Like, If people just took a break when they began to get overwhelmed or emotional or take things personally this would not be an issue at all.
"If I wanted your opinion, I'd have told you what it was."
Mig
Profile Blog Joined October 2004
United States4714 Posts
December 17 2013 02:13 GMT
#80
Darth, I agree with you that part of the problem is people sometimes take mafia too seriously and thus become too emotional. However, that doesn't mean allowing people to be dicks is good for TL mafia as a whole. People play the game for fun and many people don't enjoy playing in games where people are needlessly insulting and flaming each other. There are plenty of ways to play mafia that don't involve telling people to kill themselves.

If you look at the poll that kita made it appears that the majority of the players would enjoy the games more with less flaming.
Moderator
Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 13 14 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 3h 44m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
JuggernautJason235
SpeCial 110
StarCraft: Brood War
Britney 12903
Shuttle 665
LaStScan 204
NaDa 52
Dota 2
canceldota221
League of Legends
C9.Mang083
Super Smash Bros
hungrybox269
Other Games
summit1g8182
tarik_tv4356
Grubby3959
JimRising 374
Mew2King93
Models4
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick1585
BasetradeTV69
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 18 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• HeavenSC 53
• musti20045 26
• Hupsaiya 16
• Migwel
• sooper7s
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
StarCraft: Brood War
• sM.Zik 1
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
• BSLYoutube
Dota 2
• masondota21987
League of Legends
• Doublelift4608
Other Games
• imaqtpie3412
• Shiphtur299
Upcoming Events
RSL Revival
3h 44m
Classic vs Reynor
herO vs Zoun
WardiTV 2025
12h 14m
herO vs ShoWTimE
SHIN vs herO
Clem vs herO
SHIN vs Clem
SHIN vs ShoWTimE
Clem vs ShoWTimE
IPSL
16h 14m
Sziky vs JDConan
BSL 21
19h 14m
Tech vs Cross
Bonyth vs eOnzErG
Replay Cast
1d 8h
Wardi Open
1d 11h
Monday Night Weeklies
1d 16h
Sparkling Tuna Cup
2 days
Replay Cast
3 days
The PondCast
4 days
[ Show More ]
CranKy Ducklings
6 days
SC Evo League
6 days
BSL 21
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Acropolis #4 - TS3
RSL Revival: Season 3
Kuram Kup

Ongoing

IPSL Winter 2025-26
KCM Race Survival 2025 Season 4
YSL S2
BSL Season 21
Slon Tour Season 2
WardiTV 2025
RSL Offline Finals
META Madness #9
SL Budapest Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 8
BLAST Rivals Fall 2025
IEM Chengdu 2025
PGL Masters Bucharest 2025
Thunderpick World Champ.
CS Asia Championships 2025
ESL Pro League S22

Upcoming

BSL 21 Non-Korean Championship
Acropolis #4
IPSL Spring 2026
Bellum Gens Elite Stara Zagora 2026
HSC XXVIII
Big Gabe Cup #3
PGL Cluj-Napoca 2026
IEM Kraków 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter Qual
eXTREMESLAND 2025
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.