• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EST 01:55
CET 07:55
KST 15:55
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
RSL Revival - 2025 Season Finals Preview8RSL Season 3 - Playoffs Preview0RSL Season 3 - RO16 Groups C & D Preview0RSL Season 3 - RO16 Groups A & B Preview2TL.net Map Contest #21: Winners12
Community News
Weekly Cups (Dec 15-21): Classic wins big, MaxPax & Clem take weeklies3ComeBackTV's documentary on Byun's Career !11Weekly Cups (Dec 8-14): MaxPax, Clem, Cure win4Weekly Cups (Dec 1-7): Clem doubles, Solar gets over the hump1Weekly Cups (Nov 24-30): MaxPax, Clem, herO win2
StarCraft 2
General
ComeBackTV's documentary on Byun's Career ! Team TLMC #5: Winners Announced! What's the best tug of war? The Grack before Christmas Weekly Cups (Dec 15-21): Classic wins big, MaxPax & Clem take weeklies
Tourneys
OSC Season 13 World Championship $5,000+ WardiTV 2025 Championship $100 Prize Pool - Winter Warp Gate Masters Showdow Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament Winter Warp Gate Amateur Showdown #1
Strategy
Custom Maps
Map Editor closed ?
External Content
Mutation # 505 Rise From Ashes Mutation # 504 Retribution Mutation # 503 Fowl Play Mutation # 502 Negative Reinforcement
Brood War
General
BW General Discussion How soO Began His ProGaming Dreams Klaucher discontinued / in-game color settings BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ Recommended FPV games (post-KeSPA)
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [BSL21] LB SemiFinals - Saturday 21:00 CET [BSL21] WB & LB Finals - Sunday 21:00 CET Small VOD Thread 2.0
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Game Theory for Starcraft Current Meta Fighting Spirit mining rates
Other Games
General Games
Nintendo Switch Thread Mechabellum Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Beyond All Reason Path of Exile
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Mafia Game Mode Feedback/Ideas Survivor II: The Amazon Sengoku Mafia TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread 12 Days of Starcraft The Games Industry And ATVI Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine
Fan Clubs
White-Ra Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread [Manga] One Piece
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List TL+ Announced Where to ask questions and add stream?
Blogs
National Diversity: A Challe…
TrAiDoS
I decided to write a webnov…
DjKniteX
James Bond movies ranking - pa…
Topin
Thanks for the RSL
Hildegard
Saturation point
Uldridge
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 1916 users

Demon Hunter - Builds/Discussion - Page 141

Forum Index > Diablo 3
Post a Reply
Prev 1 139 140 141 142 143 195 Next
Ig
Profile Joined January 2011
United States417 Posts
August 27 2012 20:03 GMT
#2801
The coverage is debatable since mob spread (for most non-ranged elites chasing you) tends to be well within ball lightning's hitbox, and ball lightning can hit multiple times. Its definitely great if you already do a ton of damage though cause it just shreds swaths of normal mobs and is more "fun."
E-warrior of the China brigade, 50 cent party member.
goodkarma
Profile Blog Joined June 2010
United States1067 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-27 20:14:12
August 27 2012 20:10 GMT
#2802
So, I recently came across a really nice legendary I sold on RMAH for a sizable amount. I've got some change now to upgrade gear (like ~$175).

So, this is my current profile:

http://us.battle.net/d3/en/profile/grit-1706/hero/24169

I'm not really sure how best to go about upgrading at this point. Obviously, non-movement speed boots are pretty bad, and I have no +max discipline gear... But statwise, should I be prioritizing more defensive stats (like AR or vit) before focusing on such things? I don't really have a good idea at this point what typical stats are for DH in act 3, so input on what I should change to be able to go into act 3 farm mode would be much appreciated.

I've also considered getting the remaining two legacy pieces for Natalya's 4-piece disc regen bonus. But a ring is like $100 on its own... Is the disc regen really worth it? I know how OP cinders is right now, but I hesitate to make the investment for something that is going to probably get nerfed pretty soon.

I can pretty passably work through inferno act 3 at this point, but I still haven't really found a way of efficiently doing it. Some input on what "farming route" people take would also be appreciated. Do you just go from start to finish, or do you power clear only a certain section such as the tower part up to Azmodan?
WolfintheSheep
Profile Joined June 2011
Canada14127 Posts
August 27 2012 20:13 GMT
#2803
On August 28 2012 05:03 Ig wrote:
The coverage is debatable since mob spread (for most non-ranged elites chasing you) tends to be well within ball lightning's hitbox, and ball lightning can hit multiple times. Its definitely great if you already do a ton of damage though cause it just shreds swaths of normal mobs and is more "fun."

Ball Lightning only deals 82.5% damage per hit, so if it's not hitting multiple times, it's doing less damage than a normal attack.

And sure, Multishot isn't optimal against enemies that can get in your face...but Ball Lightning is much worse against enemies that are that fast.
Average means I'm better than half of you.
Pokebunny
Profile Blog Joined June 2008
United States10654 Posts
August 27 2012 20:21 GMT
#2804
On August 28 2012 04:56 WolfintheSheep wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 28 2012 04:12 Pokebunny wrote:
Multishot is amazing when you're overgeared, but it does very little damage for the hatred - ball lightning and cluster arrow almost always better imo. When you're a weaker dh looking to move up its bad imo, if you're farming a1 or a2 with like 60k+ dps its not bad but imo better to just gear up for a3. Admittedly I did ignore the recent vault addiction everyone has, I don't use it just out of preference but it is stupid op.

For 5 more hatred every shot, you deal the exact same damage as Ball Lightning with a lot more coverage.

I don't think multishot has a lot more coverage than ball lightning. I used Multishot exclusively from hell to a3 inferno and dumped it in a3.
Semipro Terran player | Pokebunny#1710 | twitter.com/Pokebunny | twitch.tv/Pokebunny | facebook.com/PokebunnySC
oneofthem
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
Cayman Islands24199 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-27 20:29:20
August 27 2012 20:25 GMT
#2805
multishot is great in open areas where you are likely to hit a whole screen of stuff, giving you more discipline to vault some more. the primary dps is coming from vault and not really the multishot.

it's not very good in enclosed corridors, and the usual fast teleporting one shotting stuff.
We have fed the heart on fantasies, the heart's grown brutal from the fare, more substance in our enmities than in our love
andrewlt
Profile Joined August 2009
United States7702 Posts
August 27 2012 21:00 GMT
#2806
On August 28 2012 05:13 WolfintheSheep wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 28 2012 05:03 Ig wrote:
The coverage is debatable since mob spread (for most non-ranged elites chasing you) tends to be well within ball lightning's hitbox, and ball lightning can hit multiple times. Its definitely great if you already do a ton of damage though cause it just shreds swaths of normal mobs and is more "fun."

Ball Lightning only deals 82.5% damage per hit, so if it's not hitting multiple times, it's doing less damage than a normal attack.

And sure, Multishot isn't optimal against enemies that can get in your face...but Ball Lightning is much worse against enemies that are that fast.


Sounds like it has potential to combo with vault. I'm using bola shot for the disc regen and cluster arrow for burst right now. My biggest problem is the stragglers that somehow don't get caught up in the blast. For some reason, those fallen maniacs have an annoying tendency to be outside of the blast radius of those abilities.
LaNague
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Germany9118 Posts
August 27 2012 21:05 GMT
#2807
The impale grevious wound rune just adds 100% crit damage, right?

so with for example 200% crit dmg from items it would only do 300% of a normal hit in damage and not 400 (normalx2xcrit dmg)?
zomgE
Profile Joined January 2012
498 Posts
August 27 2012 22:32 GMT
#2808
On August 28 2012 05:10 goodkarma wrote:
So, I recently came across a really nice legendary I sold on RMAH for a sizable amount. I've got some change now to upgrade gear (like ~$175).

So, this is my current profile:

http://us.battle.net/d3/en/profile/grit-1706/hero/24169

I'm not really sure how best to go about upgrading at this point. Obviously, non-movement speed boots are pretty bad, and I have no +max discipline gear... But statwise, should I be prioritizing more defensive stats (like AR or vit) before focusing on such things? I don't really have a good idea at this point what typical stats are for DH in act 3, so input on what I should change to be able to go into act 3 farm mode would be much appreciated.

I've also considered getting the remaining two legacy pieces for Natalya's 4-piece disc regen bonus. But a ring is like $100 on its own... Is the disc regen really worth it? I know how OP cinders is right now, but I hesitate to make the investment for something that is going to probably get nerfed pretty soon.

I can pretty passably work through inferno act 3 at this point, but I still haven't really found a way of efficiently doing it. Some input on what "farming route" people take would also be appreciated. Do you just go from start to finish, or do you power clear only a certain section such as the tower part up to Azmodan?

that's more than enough survability. just go dmg and yeah movement speed. legacy nats is great but i guess they are ridiculously priced atm.
Gandalf
Profile Joined August 2004
Pakistan1905 Posts
August 27 2012 23:24 GMT
#2809
On August 27 2012 20:17 McNulty wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 26 2012 22:48 Gandalf wrote:
On August 26 2012 22:24 McNulty wrote:
Anyone able to link me simple calculator which lets me compare DPS gain from weapons im considering buying? I have 217 DEX on my current 1250 DPS X-bow, and would like to know how much i gain/lose with lets say 1350 DPS 80% crit Xbow.

Also probably mentioned before, but since I haven't seen it:

Of those using Evasive Fire / Covering, have you noticed that when you are standing up against a wall, shooting at an enemy that's so close it makes you Vault, the "attack timer" seems to reset. Basically instead of having 1,2 attack speed, i shoot atleast twice a second as long as the enemy is close enough to make me vault.

Don't know if I explained it well enough but I guess you will understand.


Here you go:

http://diablodamagecalculator.com/index.php?wep_dmg_min=397&wep_dmg_max=813&wep_spd=1.48&primary_stat=1997&skill_bon=15&atk_spd_bon=7&crit_chance=29.5&crit_dmg=207&item_dmg_min=82&item_dmg_max=250


Thanks, but this shows my damage 10k lower in "displayed damage" field than actual displayed damage ingame. Is that a bug or what? Double checked values and haven't typed in anything wrong...

Maybe it doesn't matter, if its consitently wrong, so that all weapons i compare will yield 10k less displayed damage in the calculator?



Hmm not sure whats wrong, for my and my friends this calculator is accurate. If you give me your values (or a screenshot showing your gear/details) maybe I can try it? Dunno ;p
Gandalf
Profile Joined August 2004
Pakistan1905 Posts
August 27 2012 23:39 GMT
#2810
On August 28 2012 03:35 dartoo wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 28 2012 02:57 Azzur wrote:
I'm in the camp of disc is everything. I guess maybe if:
- I was always in a group, I would value it less.
- I didn't have Oceania ping (300ms), I wouldn't have to use gloom proactively and I'll value it less.



I actually dont use gloom and smokescreen for the same reason, I have 350 latency and it's quite tough to get turn it on exactly when you want to(ss lasts for about a second on top of that,so it really is useless), So I decided to increase my tankiness to take a few hits that could allow me to vault away instead.

Anyway, the lag situation is horrble , would love to do hardcore, but I'm completely turned off by the lag.


I'm in the same boat as you, playing DH at 350-500ms and sometimes regretting it because it seems to be the class that suffers most with high pings.

For me, personally, gloom and smokescreen are still usable, although obviously I have to play safe and anticipate somewhat. Vault, on the other hand, seems really, really weird. My DH stands still for 0.5-1 second every time I hit the vault hotkey, THEN vaults.

Would you mind linking me to your profile? I've been considering increasing the tankiness of my DH, and your gear might guide me.
Serpest
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United States603 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-28 00:35:46
August 28 2012 00:35 GMT
#2811
On August 28 2012 02:19 Ig wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 27 2012 20:41 Azzur wrote:
On August 27 2012 18:53 Ig wrote:
On August 27 2012 17:27 Azzur wrote:
On August 27 2012 16:46 Ig wrote:
On August 26 2012 19:44 ChaZzza wrote:
Hello you lovely people!

My DH is not quite Act 3 worthy as my damage is a little too low and I get 1 shot by everything including crawlers and critters like that. Now, I'm by no means a hardcore player and tend to smoke/drink/think/chat while playing so my question is of course: what do you think I need to improve?

Also, am always up for a bit of coop play so add me if u want!

The others have covered most of it but it would help a lot to get something like another 100 resists (mostly physical/fire) and vit if you can afford it. Gloom isn't that strong if you don't have much reduction to begin with and more survivability would give you a lot more breathing room.

I disagree... Chazzza already has 250 AR and that is sufficient with Gloom (in fact, 150-200 is already enough). I would advice instead to get higher DPS instead of the 100 AR. Also, see my previous post about getting more Disc first.

If he's getting one shot by the little non-elites he'll want to at least up his physical resist or no amount of disc will save him against jailer ranged/fast or other annoying packs. I agree with disc on quiver as its cheap and easy to get, but not disc on chest because its above what you need for a 3x gloom/ss cycle and usually comes as a tradeoff for AR or even dex/vit (unless you get lucky or have a higher budget). Its really not worth it unless you're desperate for disc for some reason. He also simply doesn't have the dps to ignore survivability upgrades yet.

On August 27 2012 17:48 Entropic wrote:
Got to lvl 60 the other day (played Witch Doctor before this). Geared up on the cheap (<250k) and was able to farm the shit out of Act 1 for basically 2 days. Upgraded and now working through Act 2. Seems like Act 2 is not a good place farm-wise for a Demon Hunter is that right?

This is my DH: http://us.battle.net/d3/en/profile/Entr0pic-1555/hero/20850780

Think I should just try farming in Act 3? I'm also wondering which gear slot I should prioritise upgrading (probably rings and amulet I'm thinking).

Act 2 isn't necessarily a bad place to farm but the cheesy mobs can screw over DHs with lower survivability and some mobs are just plain annoying so people usually stick with Act 1 until they can do Act 3. Your dps is on the low side if you want to try Act 3 and you'll probably (I personally don't like glass cannon/weaker defense setups) want 200 AR and some more physical on top of that so you don't get one shot by anything outside of gloom. I wouldn't recommend Act 3 yet in your gear but once you up your crit damage and resists you can definitely give it a shot.

For your gear, you want to get some crit chance on your rings and crit damage on your amulet and gloves. A little more crit and a lot more dex shouldn't be too expensive on quiver these days either and you can probably get a significant upgrade cheap. Try to find a socketed helm for paragon exp (and life% if you really need it) if you can too.

Well, the reason that he is getting 1-shot by normal mobs is because his disc is too low (i.e. 30) and thus he's afraid to use gloom. If he simply upped his disc to 47, then he can cast 4 glooms back-to-back (he can cast 3 and then the regen will take it to 4). With the prep CD, that's 8. Contrast with the 4 that he can cast with 30 disc and prep up. With more disc, he can afford to use gloom for white mobs and he'll defn need to use it for phase beasts.

The difference between 250 AR and 350 AR is not much and won't save a DH. However, the difference between gloom and non-gloom is immense. Anectodally, I also find that 250AR + gloom is not much different to 350AR + gloom. I would rather have the DPS is kill things faster.

For jailer packs (that are non-mortal and non-arcane), gloom can be used to tank whilst in the jail.

If he keeps his current survivability he's just going to be completely reliant on gloom for everything then and probably die to phase beasts either way, and that's not really fun. Even with gloom reduction up, he might not lifesteal enough to take hits (if necessary) from more than one mob, easily death while jailed, and if he happens to take two good hits he'll drop anyways. Physical is definitely an easy(ier) resist to jack up a bit without too much of a premium and he needs some more vit anyways as covered in the post above this. We want him to have some breathing room, not tread on a razor's edge (unless that's his thing, but it doesn't look like it).


lol. I've been farming act 3 on my DH with worse stats & damage just fine (that's where I found my offhand too). I get 2-shotted, but my general mobility and spatial awareness usually make up for the deficiencies in my gear. All gear except for the helm is farmed.
A person that attempts to diagnose themselves has a fool for a doctor and a bigger fool for a patient.
oneofthem
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
Cayman Islands24199 Posts
August 28 2012 00:37 GMT
#2812
dude you should sell that quiver and buy a new dh
We have fed the heart on fantasies, the heart's grown brutal from the fare, more substance in our enmities than in our love
dreamsmasher
Profile Joined November 2010
816 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-28 03:47:43
August 28 2012 03:46 GMT
#2813
On August 28 2012 04:22 LaNague wrote:
well, there are two kinds of hatred spenders: The sustained ones that you spam and where you look at dmg/hatred and the burst ones where you just look at dmg/time.

At the moment i really favor dmg/time because the runed evasive fire is a mini multishot that i just spam all day and then dump my hatred for massive single target damage. Unfortunately, cluster arrow is about the only option for this.


is multishot really bad dmg/hatred? when i looked at it, it looked rather good to me. I even made a run with it once, but i prefer burst to kill annoying elites quicker.


damage per hatred is irrelevant if your hatred dump does less damage than your hatred generator in the same window of time.

i just use pull mobs vault back and cluster everything is dead. cluster arrow just does preposterous damage,

to quickly clear a room wiht cluster just fire off all three at slightly dfiferent angles as they tumble towads their target i suually gloom it up and vault forward and usually everything is dead.
Serpest
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United States603 Posts
August 28 2012 05:49 GMT
#2814
On August 28 2012 09:37 oneofthem wrote:
dude you should sell that quiver and buy a new dh


I posted it in the "How much is this item worth?" thread and I still don't know how much to sell it for....

However, it _is_ a best-in-slot item, so I'm tempted to just keep it...
A person that attempts to diagnose themselves has a fool for a doctor and a bigger fool for a patient.
andrewlt
Profile Joined August 2009
United States7702 Posts
August 28 2012 15:03 GMT
#2815
Haha, I have almost double your dps even with that quiver. You could easily become better geared than I am by a mile if you sell it and upgrade your other gear with the proceeds.

If you are playing this game just for fun, though, you might want to keep that quiver. Many of the rest of your equipment looks like it can easily be upgraded. Once you do so, you might regret selling that quiver.
oneofthem
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
Cayman Islands24199 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-28 15:04:41
August 28 2012 15:04 GMT
#2816
that quiver won't keep its value for long though. it doesn't have disc and the dex roll isn't that high. this is pretty much a high point of its value.
We have fed the heart on fantasies, the heart's grown brutal from the fare, more substance in our enmities than in our love
andrewlt
Profile Joined August 2009
United States7702 Posts
August 28 2012 15:41 GMT
#2817
That's true. I overlooked the lack of disc.
crisiscore
Profile Joined November 2010
Australia72 Posts
August 28 2012 16:03 GMT
#2818
On August 29 2012 00:41 andrewlt wrote:
That's true. I overlooked the lack of disc.

I have nats set, and a quiver which is similar, don't really need the disc.
I love my quiver and keeping it, i would cry like a baby as soon as i sold it.
If you can find a decent enough quiver then sure, sell it to fund your other upgrades, but you'll always be thinking about the one that you let go
d(O_O)b
oneofthem
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
Cayman Islands24199 Posts
August 28 2012 16:11 GMT
#2819
yea but that guy doesn't have nat set.
We have fed the heart on fantasies, the heart's grown brutal from the fare, more substance in our enmities than in our love
crisiscore
Profile Joined November 2010
Australia72 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-29 03:47:16
August 29 2012 03:36 GMT
#2820
On August 29 2012 01:11 oneofthem wrote:
yea but that guy doesn't have nat set.

yeah i kow and thats fine.
i was merely implying that its still a really nice quiver and i really think it still has really good value and doubt it will lose to much (or as much as some people might imply) unless there is massive influx of really good quivers with riduculous rolls and disc. People with nats don't really look for quivers with disc because they don't need it. And if he ever intends to work his way up to legacy nats the quiver is perfect for him as he doesn't need to disc on quiver. If his not and wants the disc then yeah probably a better to get a quiver with disc.
d(O_O)b
Prev 1 139 140 141 142 143 195 Next
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 3h 5m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
WinterStarcraft602
RuFF_SC2 283
NeuroSwarm 194
StarCraft: Brood War
actioN 2235
Larva 230
Shuttle 138
NotJumperer 23
eros_byul 0
League of Legends
JimRising 715
C9.Mang0431
Other Games
summit1g8251
XaKoH 170
minikerr51
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick1028
BasetradeTV59
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 15 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• practicex 44
• intothetv
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• masondota22230
League of Legends
• Rush1265
• Lourlo1211
Other Games
• Scarra1896
Upcoming Events
Sparkling Tuna Cup
3h 5m
Krystianer vs Classic
TriGGeR vs SKillous
Percival vs Ryung
ByuN vs Nicoract
OSC
11h 5m
BSL 21
13h 5m
Cross vs Dewalt
Replay Cast
1d 2h
Wardi Open
1d 5h
OSC
2 days
Solar vs MaxPax
ByuN vs Krystianer
Spirit vs TBD
OSC
5 days
Korean StarCraft League
5 days
OSC
6 days
OSC
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Escore Tournament S1: W1
WardiTV 2025
META Madness #9

Ongoing

C-Race Season 1
IPSL Winter 2025-26
BSL Season 21
CSL Season 19: Qualifier 2
eXTREMESLAND 2025
SL Budapest Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 8
BLAST Rivals Fall 2025
IEM Chengdu 2025
PGL Masters Bucharest 2025
Thunderpick World Champ.
CS Asia Championships 2025

Upcoming

CSL 2025 WINTER (S19)
Escore Tournament S1: W2
Escore Tournament S1: W3
BSL 21 Non-Korean Championship
Acropolis #4
IPSL Spring 2026
Bellum Gens Elite Stara Zagora 2026
HSC XXVIII
Big Gabe Cup #3
OSC Championship Season 13
Nations Cup 2026
ESL Pro League Season 23
PGL Cluj-Napoca 2026
IEM Kraków 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter Qual
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.