• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 03:56
CEST 09:56
KST 16:56
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
Code S RO4 & Finals Preview: herO, Rogue, Classic, GuMiho0TL Team Map Contest #5: Presented by Monster Energy4Code S RO8 Preview: herO, Zoun, Bunny, Classic7Code S RO8 Preview: Rogue, GuMiho, Solar, Maru3BGE Stara Zagora 2025: Info & Preview27
Community News
Firefly suspended by EWC, replaced by Lancer2Classic & herO RO8 Interviews: "I think it’s time to teach [Rogue] a lesson."2Rogue & GuMiho RO8 interviews: "Lifting that trophy would be a testament to all I’ve had to overcome over the years and how far I’ve come on this journey.8Code S RO8 Results + RO4 Bracket (2025 Season 2)14BGE Stara Zagora 2025 - Replay Pack2
StarCraft 2
General
Firefly suspended by EWC, replaced by Lancer Jim claims he and Firefly were involved in match-fixing How herO can make history in the Code S S2 finals Rogue & GuMiho RO8 interviews: "Lifting that trophy would be a testament to all I’ve had to overcome over the years and how far I’ve come on this journey. Code S RO8 Results + RO4 Bracket (2025 Season 2)
Tourneys
[GSL 2025] Code S: Season 2 - Semi Finals & Finals WardiTV Mondays Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament $3,500 WardiTV European League 2025 Sea Duckling Open (Global, Bronze-Diamond)
Strategy
[G] Darkgrid Layout Simple Questions Simple Answers [G] PvT Cheese: 13 Gate Proxy Robo
Custom Maps
[UMS] Zillion Zerglings
External Content
Mutation # 478 Instant Karma Mutation # 477 Slow and Steady Mutation # 476 Charnel House Mutation # 475 Hard Target
Brood War
General
ASL20 Preliminary Maps BW General Discussion BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ Recent recommended BW games FlaSh Witnesses SCV Pull Off the Impossible vs Shu
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [BSL 2v2] ProLeague Season 3 - Friday 21:00 CET Small VOD Thread 2.0 [BSL20] ProLeague Bracket Stage - Day 4
Strategy
I am doing this better than progamers do. [G] How to get started on ladder as a new Z player
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Path of Exile Nintendo Switch Thread Beyond All Reason What do you want from future RTS games?
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Vanilla Mini Mafia TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine UK Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Vape Nation Thread
Fan Clubs
SKT1 Classic Fan Club! Maru Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Korean Music Discussion [Manga] One Piece
Sports
Formula 1 Discussion 2024 - 2025 Football Thread NHL Playoffs 2024 TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
A Better Routine For Progame…
TrAiDoS
StarCraft improvement
iopq
Heero Yuy & the Tax…
KrillinFromwales
I was completely wrong ab…
jameswatts
Need Your Help/Advice
Glider
Trip to the Zoo
micronesia
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 35244 users

[G] Comprehensive SC2 League and Ladder Guide - Page 54

Forum Index > SC2 General
Post a Reply
Prev 1 52 53 54 55 56 84 Next
Lysenko
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Iceland2128 Posts
January 24 2012 20:20 GMT
#1061
On January 24 2012 13:27 perser84 wrote:
can somebody tell me how much i must win or how far/close i am from master leauge ?


Based on your score and where you fall in the population, I'd guess you could get promoted at any time. But, it's not possible to be absolutely certain.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism
jjhchsc2
Profile Joined December 2010
Korea (South)2393 Posts
January 25 2012 05:31 GMT
#1062
have any of yous had massive bonus pool fluctuations?
I think i just had one but i don't understand the logic behind it.
I was ranked 3rd in my gold division with around 30 BP and about 80 points behind number 1 yesterday.
Now today my rank went down to 6th with around 90 points behind number 1. But with 230 BP.
BOOM PLUS 200 BP
Any reasoning behind this? o.o
Lee Ssang/ Lee Shin/ Kim Jung Woo/ Kim Min Chul/Jun Tae Yang/Park Soo Ho/Lee Jung Hoon/Choi Sung Hoon/ Moon Sung Won/Park Ji Soo/ Lee Ho Joon/ Jang Min Chul/ Kim Seung Chul/SaSe/IdrA/Ret Fighting! BW4Life
Excalibur_Z
Profile Joined October 2002
United States12235 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-01-25 06:54:19
January 25 2012 06:53 GMT
#1063
On January 25 2012 14:31 jjhchsc2 wrote:
have any of yous had massive bonus pool fluctuations?
I think i just had one but i don't understand the logic behind it.
I was ranked 3rd in my gold division with around 30 BP and about 80 points behind number 1 yesterday.
Now today my rank went down to 6th with around 90 points behind number 1. But with 230 BP.
BOOM PLUS 200 BP
Any reasoning behind this? o.o


Can you actually spend that extra bonus pool, or has that display bug reappeared? Does your bonus pool total return to normal after logging out? And, are you looking at the website or in-game?
Moderator
jjhchsc2
Profile Joined December 2010
Korea (South)2393 Posts
January 25 2012 07:06 GMT
#1064
On January 25 2012 15:53 Excalibur_Z wrote:
Show nested quote +
On January 25 2012 14:31 jjhchsc2 wrote:
have any of yous had massive bonus pool fluctuations?
I think i just had one but i don't understand the logic behind it.
I was ranked 3rd in my gold division with around 30 BP and about 80 points behind number 1 yesterday.
Now today my rank went down to 6th with around 90 points behind number 1. But with 230 BP.
BOOM PLUS 200 BP
Any reasoning behind this? o.o


Can you actually spend that extra bonus pool, or has that display bug reappeared? Does your bonus pool total return to normal after logging out? And, are you looking at the website or in-game?


lol what the hell it returned to normal after logging out.
damn got excited and happy for nothing.

Thanks for the reply ^.^
Lee Ssang/ Lee Shin/ Kim Jung Woo/ Kim Min Chul/Jun Tae Yang/Park Soo Ho/Lee Jung Hoon/Choi Sung Hoon/ Moon Sung Won/Park Ji Soo/ Lee Ho Joon/ Jang Min Chul/ Kim Seung Chul/SaSe/IdrA/Ret Fighting! BW4Life
tpmraven
Profile Blog Joined May 2011
United States833 Posts
January 25 2012 07:46 GMT
#1065
On January 21 2012 06:01 Mendelfist wrote:
Show nested quote +
On January 21 2012 05:27 Excalibur_Z wrote:
No, you're correct. Blizzard has the ability to adjust the thresholds manually as necessary in order to realize the target population distribution. Their methodology is probably similar to what you've described (it would make sense to me to do it that way). They will do this mid-season when necessary (everyone remembers the so-called "Promotion Day" from the middle of Season 2 where the boundaries were shifted fairly radically), but I would guess that most mid-season adjustments are probably minor.

I've been thinking about this. I haven't seen any obvious league threshold adjustments. I may have missed some, but I don't think that's what's going on.

A matchmaking system needs some sort of "anchor". Otherwise the MMRs of the entire population could drift up or down without control. Blizzard decided to implement this anchor as an MMR cap. In other words they use the best players on the ladder as anchors. They play a lot and their skill probably doesn't change quickly, so they are good for this.

But as you remember from our previous discussion, the MMR difference between two players is directly related to their skill difference. New players are still newbies, but the best players get better and better. The skill range gets stretched out over time, and so must the MMR range. If the best players MMRs are fixed by the MMR cap, it will push all the other players downwards. That's what's happening.

I think this implementation is a terribly bad idea. It is very discouraging. The MMR range should be anchored at the bottom, not at the top. Blizzard could then add new leagues at the top as masters fill up more and more, and that would much more accurately reflect the actual skill change of the population. An effect of the current system is that the downwards push of the population counters the fact that many bronze players stop playing. Blizzard probably thinks this is convenient. I think it's just bad. Being demoted despite practicing and getting better is not an incentive to keep playing.

But all this is just my theory of how it works, of course.


I dont think this is how it works. I did not play more than a few games for about 4 months, because i played a few games each season my mmr stayed the same and i stayed in the same league. i just came back at the end of last season, and started playing like crazy again, going from high gold to low diamond, in one season.

Before i stopped playing i struggled to be top 8 in gold, hardly able to keep a 50% win ratio, i had been in gold since season 2. when i came back i was STOMPING high golds, and plats left and right. It seemed to me like the competition in the leagues had been watered down.
(⌐■_■) Like a boss
Mendelfist
Profile Joined September 2010
Sweden356 Posts
January 25 2012 16:07 GMT
#1066
On January 25 2012 16:46 tpmraven wrote:
Before i stopped playing i struggled to be top 8 in gold, hardly able to keep a 50% win ratio, i had been in gold since season 2. when i came back i was STOMPING high golds, and plats left and right. It seemed to me like the competition in the leagues had been watered down.

I think most people would disagree with you. The general consensus seems to be that all leagues have become a lot harder since the beginning. I just watched a few games that I played a year ago, and they were quite ridiculous. No expansions, no wall-ins. Make a few units when you feel like it and attack. That was enough for gold back then. It isn't now. The difference is dramatic.
Let it Raine
Profile Joined August 2010
Canada1245 Posts
January 27 2012 04:44 GMT
#1067
i wish i had my replays from when i was in copper league in beta and silver @ release lol
Grandmaster Zerg x14. Diamond 1 LoL. MLG 50, Halo 3. Raine.
Cornstarched
Profile Blog Joined March 2011
Canada74 Posts
January 27 2012 04:49 GMT
#1068
Dont take a job at blizzard or they will cencor your abilitys
Lysenko
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Iceland2128 Posts
January 27 2012 04:52 GMT
#1069
On January 21 2012 06:01 Mendelfist wrote:
A matchmaking system needs some sort of "anchor". Otherwise the MMRs of the entire population could drift up or down without control. Blizzard decided to implement this anchor as an MMR cap. In other words they use the best players on the ladder as anchors. They play a lot and their skill probably doesn't change quickly, so they are good for this.
But as you remember from our previous discussion, the MMR difference between two players is directly related to their skill difference. New players are still newbies, but the best players get better and better. The skill range gets stretched out over time, and so must the MMR range. If the best players MMRs are fixed by the MMR cap, it will push all the other players downwards. That's what's happening.



A couple thoughts:

First, MMR won't have population-wide inflation or deflation issues if the MMR adjustment after each game is zero-sum. So, if a better player plays a lower-MMR player, and the lower-MMR player wins, the better player's MMR goes down by 20 and the lower player's MMR goes up by 20. The average MMR doesn't move if one player's increases by X and another's decreases by X, at the same time, every time.

Second: an MMR cap serves a different purpose, in that the very best players may be statistical outliers so far beyond everyone else that they have difficulty finding a match within whatever the usual threshold is. However, a player's MMR might be capped for purposes of the match-finding process without actually placing a hard limit on the player's MMR number such that they'd receive 0 points for winning any game regardless of the quality of their opponent. A complete, hard cap like that would probably create issues, but I don't know that we can tell whether that's exactly what Blizzard is doing, and if they are, they may well have a way to compensate for it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism
Lysenko
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Iceland2128 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-01-27 05:06:44
January 27 2012 05:05 GMT
#1070
On January 25 2012 16:46 tpmraven wrote:
Before i stopped playing i struggled to be top 8 in gold, hardly able to keep a 50% win ratio, i had been in gold since season 2. when i came back i was STOMPING high golds, and plats left and right. It seemed to me like the competition in the leagues had been watered down.



Aside from adjustments to MMR thresholds for leagues, which could account for this, I have the feeling that play styles in the middle leagues have shifted toward less aggressive, longer-term games over the last few seasons, and someone who bucks that trend might find their opponents often unprepared because they're seeing strongly aggressive play less on the ladder. The players might not be worse than they were before, but they may be playing differently in a way that's more vulnerable to what you're used to doing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism
Mendelfist
Profile Joined September 2010
Sweden356 Posts
January 27 2012 06:37 GMT
#1071
On January 27 2012 13:52 Lysenko wrote:
First, MMR won't have population-wide inflation or deflation issues if the MMR adjustment after each game is zero-sum.

A zero sum system sounds unlikely. How would it handle a game where one player is playing placement matches against an old player with a very low sigma? It does not feel reasonable to make large changes to the stable players MMR when he is playing against someone with an unknown skill.
Lysenko
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Iceland2128 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-01-27 17:03:47
January 27 2012 16:58 GMT
#1072
If the system were zero-sum generally, that wouldn't preclude special handling for placement matches. As far as a high-sigma player playing a low-sigma player, you don't necessarily want the low sigma to feed back into MMR gained or lost per-game, because changes in skill are probably intermittent and you want to be equally responsive to a player whose skill suddenly takes off or tanks, whether they've played 50 games or 5000. The reason that win traders in the depths of Bronze have trouble getting out may just be that Bronze covers a numerically huge MMR range. I know that I have personally played about 3000 games and my MMR seems to still move around pretty responsively to my recent performance (though that high game count is from normal play, not win trading.)

(I say that based on league placements of my opponents after winning and losing streaks. Incidentally, it feels like they've chosen to let MMR fluctuate more and just make promotion/demotion thresholds harder to achieve rather than design a system where MMR is more stable and the promotion/demotion thresholds are closer together for each league boundary.)

Also, it may be possible to avoid inflation or deflation with a system that's designed to be zero sum in the aggregate without necessarily being so in an individual game. I'm not entirely certain how one might put that together though.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism
Excalibur_Z
Profile Joined October 2002
United States12235 Posts
January 27 2012 17:08 GMT
#1073
On January 27 2012 15:37 Mendelfist wrote:
Show nested quote +
On January 27 2012 13:52 Lysenko wrote:
First, MMR won't have population-wide inflation or deflation issues if the MMR adjustment after each game is zero-sum.

A zero sum system sounds unlikely. How would it handle a game where one player is playing placement matches against an old player with a very low sigma? It does not feel reasonable to make large changes to the stable players MMR when he is playing against someone with an unknown skill.


I think Placement matches just have to be treated somewhat differently because those are the only matches where it's possible to be placed anywhere from Diamond to Bronze in only 5 games, and in a good portion of those matches you're most likely playing against other Placement players as well. It's very difficult to gauge Placement match data because those are going to constitute a minority of most players' games, but from what I've seen it's uncommon that Placement players are matched against very stable players (that's not to say it's impossible though). I'm reasonably confident that MMR is zero sum for regular games though.
Moderator
Mendelfist
Profile Joined September 2010
Sweden356 Posts
January 27 2012 18:40 GMT
#1074
Well, regardless if the game is zero sum or not, or if the MMR cap was intended as an anchor or not, I can't see how you would avoid the effect of pushing the population downwards with an MMR cap. All these three sentences can't be true at the same time:
1: There is an upper MMR cap.
2: The MMR difference between two players is directly related to their skill difference.
3: The increasing skill difference between beginners and the best players causes no downwards MMR push of the lower leagues.
In one or more of those three you would have to make exceptions. Or there are some tricks that I can't think of.

I also feel like there would be some problems with an MMR cap and a zero sum system, but I haven't thought it through.
Lysenko
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Iceland2128 Posts
January 27 2012 19:19 GMT
#1075
I must not have been clear enough -- you do not have to actually cap the MMR to resolve the matchmaking problems they fixed at the high end. Instead, you leave the MMR uncapped and just reduce it to a maximum value ONLY at match-finding time, using the uncapped value to decide how many points to award.

So, player A has MMR of 9001, but the soft cap is 3000, so when player A hits the find match button they're matched with another player as though their MMR were 3000, but point awards affect the uncapped MMR of 9001.

The issues with grandmaster league might have been an implementation mistake with a soft cap like that rather than a hard cap that affects the actual stored MMR number.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism
Mendelfist
Profile Joined September 2010
Sweden356 Posts
January 27 2012 19:50 GMT
#1076
Isn't it common at the very top that all players see themselves as favored regardless of their opponents, and isn't this an indication of a hard cap?
Lysenko
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Iceland2128 Posts
January 27 2012 20:21 GMT
#1077
On January 28 2012 04:50 Mendelfist wrote:
Isn't it common at the very top that all players see themselves as favored regardless of their opponents, and isn't this an indication of a hard cap?


Not necessarily. If a capped MMR were used for matchmaking only, that display might well use that number, while the actual MMR adjustment taking place behind the scenes could be correct.

Also, such a soft cap would greatly increase the likelihood that top players would be matched against other players vs. whom they'd legitimately have a "favored" display, because the purpose of such a cap is explicitly to match them against much weaker players so that they can find games when they hit the button without an undue wait.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism
Excalibur_Z
Profile Joined October 2002
United States12235 Posts
January 27 2012 20:23 GMT
#1078
On January 28 2012 04:50 Mendelfist wrote:
Isn't it common at the very top that all players see themselves as favored regardless of their opponents, and isn't this an indication of a hard cap?


Yes I don't believe there is a matchmaking cap in place because David Kim has indicated to top players that there is a cap, and the behavior at the top is just as you say which is expected from a hard cap.
Moderator
Excalibur_Z
Profile Joined October 2002
United States12235 Posts
January 27 2012 20:25 GMT
#1079
On January 28 2012 05:21 Lysenko wrote:
Show nested quote +
On January 28 2012 04:50 Mendelfist wrote:
Isn't it common at the very top that all players see themselves as favored regardless of their opponents, and isn't this an indication of a hard cap?


Not necessarily. If a capped MMR were used for matchmaking only, that display might well use that number, while the actual MMR adjustment taking place behind the scenes could be correct.

Also, such a soft cap would greatly increase the likelihood that top players would be matched against other players vs. whom they'd legitimately have a "favored" display, because the purpose of such a cap is explicitly to match them against much weaker players so that they can find games when they hit the button without an undue wait.


So for the purposes of matchmaking and point determination they have a capped MMR, but what other reason would there be for MMR to actually go beyond the cap? I suppose maybe acting as a buffer so that if you slip a little you still stay above the cap, but that sounds kind of weird to me.
Moderator
Lysenko
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Iceland2128 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-01-27 20:44:36
January 27 2012 20:42 GMT
#1080
On January 28 2012 05:25 Excalibur_Z wrote:
So for the purposes of matchmaking and point determination they have a capped MMR, but what other reason would there be for MMR to actually go beyond the cap? I suppose maybe acting as a buffer so that if you slip a little you still stay above the cap, but that sounds kind of weird to me.


I'm sorry -- I was describing a case in which matchmaking only would be affected by a capped MMR, points and MMR adjustment would not be, and the "favored" display were a mistake caused by using the capped rather than uncapped MMR only when displaying the loading screen. (Note that the bug people have intermittently mentioned where the loading screen doesn't agree with the score screen on who's favored suggests there is a different code path for that loading screen's display.)

Even if post-game points do use the capped MMR (which should be easy to tell, and it sounds like you're sure that's the case) maintaining a behind-the-scenes uncapped MMR and adjusting the hidden MMR based on that number would prevent the problems that Mendelfist is describing with the entire population shifting around as a result of the cap.

It also does occur to me, though, that if there were a hard cap at the top and a hard floor at the bottom (to fix the problem where people at the bottom can't earn any points) those might balance each other off to fix any tendency for the population to drift.

It just seems to me that using a cap only for matchmaking solves the game-finding problem for top players without introducing all these potential issues a hard cap might. If they went with a hard cap, I'm not sure why, but then there might be implications one might not be able to see without looking at the implementation or the actual math behind the system.

P.S. To hell with asking David Kim about carriers. I want to get the guy who designed this system in a room with a whiteboard and the freedom to talk freely.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism
Prev 1 52 53 54 55 56 84 Next
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 3h 4m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft: Brood War
Britney 19485
Horang2 4343
actioN 409
Mong 304
JulyZerg 96
Leta 75
sorry 46
Aegong 44
Sharp 41
Noble 13
[ Show more ]
Movie 11
Dota 2
420jenkins191
XcaliburYe134
Fuzer 118
Counter-Strike
Stewie2K1078
Heroes of the Storm
Khaldor190
Other Games
C9.Mang01082
Liquid`RaSZi370
NeuroSwarm152
Mew2King46
Organizations
Dota 2
PGL Dota 2 - Secondary Stream6108
Other Games
gamesdonequick531
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 12 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• lizZardDota266
League of Legends
• Rush1482
Upcoming Events
Wardi Open
3h 4m
Replay Cast
16h 4m
Replay Cast
1d 2h
RSL Revival
1d 2h
Cure vs Percival
ByuN vs Spirit
PiGosaur Monday
1d 16h
RSL Revival
2 days
herO vs sOs
Zoun vs Clem
Replay Cast
2 days
The PondCast
3 days
RSL Revival
3 days
Serral vs SHIN
Solar vs Cham
Replay Cast
3 days
[ Show More ]
RSL Revival
4 days
Reynor vs Scarlett
ShoWTimE vs Classic
uThermal 2v2 Circuit
4 days
SC Evo League
5 days
Circuito Brasileiro de…
5 days
Sparkling Tuna Cup
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Proleague 2025-06-11
2025 GSL S2
Heroes 10 EU

Ongoing

JPL Season 2
BSL 2v2 Season 3
BSL Season 20
KCM Race Survival 2025 Season 2
NPSL S3
Rose Open S1
CSL 17: 2025 SUMMER
Copa Latinoamericana 4
Murky Cup #2
BLAST.tv Austin Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 7
IEM Dallas 2025
PGL Astana 2025
Asian Champions League '25
BLAST Rivals Spring 2025
MESA Nomadic Masters
CCT Season 2 Global Finals
IEM Melbourne 2025
YaLLa Compass Qatar 2025
PGL Bucharest 2025

Upcoming

CSLPRO Last Chance 2025
CSLPRO Chat StarLAN 3
K-Championship
SEL Season 2 Championship
Esports World Cup 2025
HSC XXVII
Championship of Russia 2025
BLAST Open Fall 2025
Esports World Cup 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall Qual
IEM Cologne 2025
FISSURE Playground #1
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.