Ukraine’s new premier invokes treaty in bid to resist RussiaFinancial Times: February 27, 2014 6:50 pm
By Kiran Stacey in London and Roman Olearchyk in Kiev
Ukraine’s new prime minister invoked a 20-year-old international agreement as he appealed for western powers to help him resist Russian attempts to assert itself in the south of the country.
Arseniy Yatseniuk called upon the members of the UN Security Council to help preserve Ukraine’s “territorial integrity” hours after armed pro-Russian separatists in Crimea took over the local parliament calling for unification with Moscow.
His words are a deliberate echo of the so-called Budapest Memorandum, signed as part of the deal that saw Ukraine give up its nuclear weapons in 1994.
According to the agreement, the US, UK and Russia all agreed to protect the sovereignty and “territorial agreement” of Ukraine, meaning any Russian support for an attempt to declare Crimean independence would be in violation of their international obligations.
The three powers committed to “respect the independence and sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine” and “refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine”.
Significantly, the wording suggests Russia’s insistence that Ukraine forgo an EU trade deal may have already breached the terms of the agreement.
The signatories agreed to “refrain from economic coercion designed to subordinate to their own interest the exercise by Ukraine of the rights inherent in its sovereignty and thus to secure advantages of any kind”.
Western diplomats are now scouring the text to check whether they are obliged to intervene in the country to prevent it from breaking up if Russia does so first.
John Lough, associate fellow of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the foreign policy think-tank, said: “While this does not legally oblige the UK and other western powers to intervene, they might feel morally obliged to.” He added: “Russia has already violated the spirit and letter of this agreement through the economic pressure applied to Ukraine in the run-up to the Vilnius Summit,” a reference to the November meeting when then president Viktor Yanukovich declined to sign the EU deal.
The UK Foreign Office said foreign secretary William Hague and Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov were in agreement that it was “for the people of Ukraine to chose their own future, secure in their sovereignty and territorial integrity”. Nato defence ministers had on Wednesday pledged to support Ukraine’s “territorial integrity”.
But while European ministers are urging their Russian counterparts to abide by the agreement signed in 1994 by then president Boris Yeltsin, they are also putting pressure on Mr Yatseniuk to do more to appease Russian supporters in the south and east of the country.
One person involved in the negotiations with Kiev said: “Making Ukrainian the only official language, rather than both Ukrainian and Russian, was needlessly antagonistic.”
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