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Read the rules in the OP before posting, please.

In order to ensure that this thread continues to meet TL standards and follows the proper guidelines, we will be enforcing the rules in the OP more strictly. Be sure to give them a re-read to refresh your memory! The vast majority of you are contributing in a healthy way, keep it up!

NOTE: When providing a source, explain why you feel it is relevant and what purpose it adds to the discussion if it's not obvious.
Also take note that unsubstantiated tweets/posts meant only to rekindle old arguments can result in a mod action.
farvacola
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
United States18828 Posts
April 13 2016 23:40 GMT
#72081
So long as it isn't Carlos Castaneda, I'm sure it's fine.
"when the Dead Kennedys found out they had skinhead fans, they literally wrote a song titled 'Nazi Punks Fuck Off'"
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
April 13 2016 23:41 GMT
#72082
On April 14 2016 08:38 IgnE wrote:
www.thelancet.com

Article that talks about the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research. It's a problem that suffuses the entire field and erodes the distinction between "alternative medicine" and "medicine."

Putting a 5-sigma rule on medicine would pretty much kill the field too.


5 sigma is an insanely high standard

i think that he's referring to the profusion of a lot of shitty research in lower-tier journals. publish or perish is pretty real. however stuff published in reputable journals like the lancet, science, PNAS, etc are gonna be pretty solid for the most part
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
SpiritoftheTunA
Profile Blog Joined August 2006
United States20903 Posts
April 13 2016 23:43 GMT
#72083
On April 14 2016 08:34 ticklishmusic wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 14 2016 08:14 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:09 ticklishmusic wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:59 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:27 KwarK wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:12 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 06:41 IgnE wrote:
On the topic of supplements and "alternative" medicine:

www.bbc.com

There was also a radiolab on that particular "herbal" remedy.

Whenever people start glorifying "double blind" studies in the healthcare field I always think of how just a decade ago doctors were saying that there was no evidence that HGH added muscle mass. I just wish that supplements were required to accurately list exactly how much of what was in the pills or whatever that are being sold.

Many pharma drugs were originally synthesised from natural herbs.Aspirin anyone? No point dismissing everything out of hand.That said the only reason to go to an ND now is to get lab tests ordered.You can get all other advice and supplements far cheaper online at the click of a button.

If you saw an ad about it on daytime tv it's not a revolutionary new secret, it's been tested and if it worked your doctor would be prescribing it.

You cannot patent a herb so there is no profit in it for the big pharma companies.Plenty of information out there if you care to look, here is a study showing oregano oil (wild oregano, not the culinary herb) is a very effective antibiotic : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23484421/


complete article:

http://world-food.net/download/journals/2010-issue_2/f54.pdf

and the MIC if oregano essential oil is magnitudes higher than for ampicillin in the vast majority of cases, which can be produced in an extremely pure form very very easily

i agree that there are many "traditional" cures and such that are effective in some degree (comparable to modern medicine in some cases, your citation wasn't gr8) but there's a lot of nutty stuff out there as well or things where efficacy is vastly overstated

Oregano oil pills generally contain 150-200mg oregano oil per pill.Whats your point? The question was whether it was effective not how much dosage you needed compared to abx.


sure, but ampicillin is fractions of a penny for a dose because its easily mass produced at a high purity. it's also easy to control the dosage, etc. if it made sense to use oregano oil as an antibiotic over ampicillin we would totally do so

maybe there's some niche cases where someone has a bad reaction to ampicillin and all beta lactams so something like oregano oil is an option,but that's gonna be insanely rare. i did notice that MRSA responded about the same to both though, but MRSA is a special case of a resistant strain i think

for those interested in plant based medicine i recommend tales of a shaman's apprentice. not bad reading.

from an amazon review:

I [have] two basic criticisms of this book: (1) The title is misleading. There was no apprenticeship involved - Plotkin learnt no ceremonies and no cures. He is not a shaman by any stretch of imagination.

(2) He is one of the hundreds of ethnobotanists who case the Amazon in search of clinically active plants; these people are no bleeding hearts - they do it for pharmaceutical industry, which generally pays a pittance to the indigenous people from whom the knowledge was taken. Plotkin himself was engaged with a such a company, called aptly enough, Shaman Pharmaceuticals.

so its more about the modern pharmaceutical industry's current approach to ground-level discovery than about traditional approaches to plant medicine, i gather? or is this review off
posting on liquid sites in current year
CannonsNCarriers
Profile Joined April 2010
United States638 Posts
April 13 2016 23:44 GMT
#72084
On April 14 2016 08:41 ticklishmusic wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 14 2016 08:38 IgnE wrote:
www.thelancet.com

Article that talks about the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research. It's a problem that suffuses the entire field and erodes the distinction between "alternative medicine" and "medicine."

Putting a 5-sigma rule on medicine would pretty much kill the field too.


5 sigma is an insanely high standard

i think that he's referring to the profusion of a lot of shitty research in lower-tier journals. publish or perish is pretty real. however stuff published in reputable journals like the lancet, science, PNAS, etc are gonna be pretty solid for the most part


5-sigma in medicine? Every doctor is a scientist who is making educated guesses that the drugs they prescribe will help you. They ask about allergies, but they can't know. They don't have the information. Any prescribed treatment could be disastrous or have nothing to do with the observed symptoms. 5-sigma reliability is preposterous.
Dun tuch my cheezbrgr
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-13 23:48:12
April 13 2016 23:47 GMT
#72085
On April 14 2016 08:43 SpiritoftheTunA wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 14 2016 08:34 ticklishmusic wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:14 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:09 ticklishmusic wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:59 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:27 KwarK wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:12 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 06:41 IgnE wrote:
On the topic of supplements and "alternative" medicine:

www.bbc.com

There was also a radiolab on that particular "herbal" remedy.

Whenever people start glorifying "double blind" studies in the healthcare field I always think of how just a decade ago doctors were saying that there was no evidence that HGH added muscle mass. I just wish that supplements were required to accurately list exactly how much of what was in the pills or whatever that are being sold.

Many pharma drugs were originally synthesised from natural herbs.Aspirin anyone? No point dismissing everything out of hand.That said the only reason to go to an ND now is to get lab tests ordered.You can get all other advice and supplements far cheaper online at the click of a button.

If you saw an ad about it on daytime tv it's not a revolutionary new secret, it's been tested and if it worked your doctor would be prescribing it.

You cannot patent a herb so there is no profit in it for the big pharma companies.Plenty of information out there if you care to look, here is a study showing oregano oil (wild oregano, not the culinary herb) is a very effective antibiotic : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23484421/


complete article:

http://world-food.net/download/journals/2010-issue_2/f54.pdf

and the MIC if oregano essential oil is magnitudes higher than for ampicillin in the vast majority of cases, which can be produced in an extremely pure form very very easily

i agree that there are many "traditional" cures and such that are effective in some degree (comparable to modern medicine in some cases, your citation wasn't gr8) but there's a lot of nutty stuff out there as well or things where efficacy is vastly overstated

Oregano oil pills generally contain 150-200mg oregano oil per pill.Whats your point? The question was whether it was effective not how much dosage you needed compared to abx.


sure, but ampicillin is fractions of a penny for a dose because its easily mass produced at a high purity. it's also easy to control the dosage, etc. if it made sense to use oregano oil as an antibiotic over ampicillin we would totally do so

maybe there's some niche cases where someone has a bad reaction to ampicillin and all beta lactams so something like oregano oil is an option,but that's gonna be insanely rare. i did notice that MRSA responded about the same to both though, but MRSA is a special case of a resistant strain i think

for those interested in plant based medicine i recommend tales of a shaman's apprentice. not bad reading.

from an amazon review:
Show nested quote +

I [have] two basic criticisms of this book: (1) The title is misleading. There was no apprenticeship involved - Plotkin learnt no ceremonies and no cures. He is not a shaman by any stretch of imagination.

(2) He is one of the hundreds of ethnobotanists who case the Amazon in search of clinically active plants; these people are no bleeding hearts - they do it for pharmaceutical industry, which generally pays a pittance to the indigenous people from whom the knowledge was taken. Plotkin himself was engaged with a such a company, called aptly enough, Shaman Pharmaceuticals.

so its more about the modern pharmaceutical industry's current approach to ground-level discovery than about traditional approaches to plant medicine, i gather? or is this review off


the author is pretty legit, he's not a pharma shill or anything

the review is off from what i remember-- the author makes a plea for researchers to do ground-level discovery and take traditional knowledge into account but it's not solely about that

http://articles.latimes.com/1993-12-19/books/bk-3302_1_mark-plotkin

here's an LA times article about it
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
oneofthem
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
Cayman Islands24199 Posts
April 13 2016 23:48 GMT
#72086
there is a lot of publishing pressure in every academic field. the thing with science or for that matter economics is that you need to identify the core correct ideas, and there are many, and understand the limitations of fashionable theories etc. dismissiveness at that level of generality is no good.

it's fairly important to note that criticism of pseudoscience is most active within a field than externally.

just in terms of economics there's been a lot of methodological discussion about the limitations of Randomized Controlled Trials. most of the prized economic research of the last century has been methodological innovations, with each claiming some advantage in explanatory power. i'd say you need to study it seriously to make effective criticisms.
We have fed the heart on fantasies, the heart's grown brutal from the fare, more substance in our enmities than in our love
DickMcFanny
Profile Blog Joined September 2015
Ireland1076 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-13 23:49:11
April 13 2016 23:48 GMT
#72087
Transcript to showcase the eloquence of the 45th POTUS:

A hand with little fingers coming out of a stem. Like, little. Look at my hands. They’re fine. Nobody other than Graydon Carter years ago used to use that. My hands are normal hands. During a debate, he was losing, and he said, “Oh, he has small hands and therefore, you know what that means.” This was not me. This was Rubio that said, “He has small hands and you know what that means.” Okay? So, he started it. So, what I said a couple of days later … and what happened is I was on line shaking hands with supporters, and one of supporters got up and he said, “Mr. Trump, you have strong hands. You have good-sized hands.” And then another one would say, “You have great hands, Mr. Trump, I had no idea.” I said, “What do you mean?” He said, “I thought you were like deformed, and I thought you had small hands.” I had fifty people … Is that a correct statement? I mean people were writing, “How are Mr. Trump’s hands?” My hands are fine. You know, my hands are normal. Slightly large, actually. In fact, I buy a slightly smaller than large glove, okay? No, but I did this because everybody was saying to me, “Oh, your hands are very nice. They are normal.” So Rubio, in a debate, said, because he had nothing else to say … now I was hitting him pretty hard. He wanted to do his Don Rickles stuff and it didn’t work out. Obviously, it didn’t work too well. But one of the things he said was “He has small hands and therefore, you know what that means, he has small something else.” You can look it up. I didn’t say it.
| (• ◡•)|╯ ╰(❍ᴥ❍ʋ)
Ghostcom
Profile Joined March 2010
Denmark4782 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-13 23:50:53
April 13 2016 23:49 GMT
#72088
If y'all really want to be depressed about medical research go pick up any of Gøtzsches books... Just realize that he is holding a very extreme position, just like what IgnE is suggesting is rather extreme. Medical research could definitely be conducted better, but unlike the field of "alternative medicine" research is actually being conducted and the standard is for approval is very high.
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-13 23:50:57
April 13 2016 23:49 GMT
#72089
On April 14 2016 08:44 CannonsNCarriers wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 14 2016 08:41 ticklishmusic wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:38 IgnE wrote:
www.thelancet.com

Article that talks about the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research. It's a problem that suffuses the entire field and erodes the distinction between "alternative medicine" and "medicine."

Putting a 5-sigma rule on medicine would pretty much kill the field too.


5 sigma is an insanely high standard

i think that he's referring to the profusion of a lot of shitty research in lower-tier journals. publish or perish is pretty real. however stuff published in reputable journals like the lancet, science, PNAS, etc are gonna be pretty solid for the most part


5-sigma in medicine? Every doctor is a scientist who is making educated guesses that the drugs they prescribe will help you. They ask about allergies, but they can't know. They don't have the information. Any prescribed treatment could be disastrous or have nothing to do with the observed symptoms. 5-sigma reliability is preposterous.


i mean for research where you'd formally calculate statistical significance. i don't mean a doctor who says you have cancer and a 10% chance of survival or w/e
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
SpiritoftheTunA
Profile Blog Joined August 2006
United States20903 Posts
April 13 2016 23:50 GMT
#72090
On April 14 2016 08:47 ticklishmusic wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 14 2016 08:43 SpiritoftheTunA wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:34 ticklishmusic wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:14 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:09 ticklishmusic wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:59 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:27 KwarK wrote:
On April 14 2016 07:12 iPlaY.NettleS wrote:
On April 14 2016 06:41 IgnE wrote:
On the topic of supplements and "alternative" medicine:

www.bbc.com

There was also a radiolab on that particular "herbal" remedy.

Whenever people start glorifying "double blind" studies in the healthcare field I always think of how just a decade ago doctors were saying that there was no evidence that HGH added muscle mass. I just wish that supplements were required to accurately list exactly how much of what was in the pills or whatever that are being sold.

Many pharma drugs were originally synthesised from natural herbs.Aspirin anyone? No point dismissing everything out of hand.That said the only reason to go to an ND now is to get lab tests ordered.You can get all other advice and supplements far cheaper online at the click of a button.

If you saw an ad about it on daytime tv it's not a revolutionary new secret, it's been tested and if it worked your doctor would be prescribing it.

You cannot patent a herb so there is no profit in it for the big pharma companies.Plenty of information out there if you care to look, here is a study showing oregano oil (wild oregano, not the culinary herb) is a very effective antibiotic : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23484421/


complete article:

http://world-food.net/download/journals/2010-issue_2/f54.pdf

and the MIC if oregano essential oil is magnitudes higher than for ampicillin in the vast majority of cases, which can be produced in an extremely pure form very very easily

i agree that there are many "traditional" cures and such that are effective in some degree (comparable to modern medicine in some cases, your citation wasn't gr8) but there's a lot of nutty stuff out there as well or things where efficacy is vastly overstated

Oregano oil pills generally contain 150-200mg oregano oil per pill.Whats your point? The question was whether it was effective not how much dosage you needed compared to abx.


sure, but ampicillin is fractions of a penny for a dose because its easily mass produced at a high purity. it's also easy to control the dosage, etc. if it made sense to use oregano oil as an antibiotic over ampicillin we would totally do so

maybe there's some niche cases where someone has a bad reaction to ampicillin and all beta lactams so something like oregano oil is an option,but that's gonna be insanely rare. i did notice that MRSA responded about the same to both though, but MRSA is a special case of a resistant strain i think

for those interested in plant based medicine i recommend tales of a shaman's apprentice. not bad reading.

from an amazon review:

I [have] two basic criticisms of this book: (1) The title is misleading. There was no apprenticeship involved - Plotkin learnt no ceremonies and no cures. He is not a shaman by any stretch of imagination.

(2) He is one of the hundreds of ethnobotanists who case the Amazon in search of clinically active plants; these people are no bleeding hearts - they do it for pharmaceutical industry, which generally pays a pittance to the indigenous people from whom the knowledge was taken. Plotkin himself was engaged with a such a company, called aptly enough, Shaman Pharmaceuticals.

so its more about the modern pharmaceutical industry's current approach to ground-level discovery than about traditional approaches to plant medicine, i gather? or is this review off


the author is pretty legit, he's not a pharma shill or anything

the review is off from what i remember-- the author makes a plea for researchers to do ground-level discovery and take traditional knowledge into account but it's not solely about that

http://articles.latimes.com/1993-12-19/books/bk-3302_1_mark-plotkin

here's an LA times article about it

ty this is a nice book review

sometimes i like reading book reviews as much as reading books
posting on liquid sites in current year
IgnE
Profile Joined November 2010
United States7681 Posts
April 13 2016 23:52 GMT
#72091
On April 14 2016 08:41 ticklishmusic wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 14 2016 08:38 IgnE wrote:
www.thelancet.com

Article that talks about the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research. It's a problem that suffuses the entire field and erodes the distinction between "alternative medicine" and "medicine."

Putting a 5-sigma rule on medicine would pretty much kill the field too.


5 sigma is an insanely high standard

i think that he's referring to the profusion of a lot of shitty research in lower-tier journals. publish or perish is pretty real. however stuff published in reputable journals like the lancet, science, PNAS, etc are gonna be pretty solid for the most part


nah it's not limited to "lower-tier journals." it's a problem that goes to the top:

www.nature.com
www.nature.com

Unfortunately, basic biomedical research(a) has a reproducibility problem, now widely acknowledged after systematic analyses by two biotechnology companies revealed that major findings in published papers could be reproduced for less than a quarter of the papers reviewed. One study examined 67 articles and the authors were able to replicate the results of only 25% of the studies.1 While the reproducible results were robust – that is, they were sustained using a variety of tests – the results from the other 75% of studies could not be reproduced even when the methods outlined in the original papers were replicated exactly.

In the other study, when a result could not be reproduced, the lab that conducted the original experiment was consulted about their methods and, in some cases, asked to repeat the experiment themselves.2 Even with this outreach to the original researchers, the major findings of just 10% of the 53 papers analyzed could be reproduced. In both studies, reproducibility did not correlate with the quality or rank of the journal that published the research.(b) Reproducibility problems were identified even in top journals like Nature, Science, and Cell, which tend to publish groundbreaking studies and have special clout within the scientific community.
The unrealistic sound of these propositions is indicative, not of their utopian character, but of the strength of the forces which prevent their realization.
SpiritoftheTunA
Profile Blog Joined August 2006
United States20903 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-14 00:01:10
April 13 2016 23:56 GMT
#72092
from the LA times review
Indigenous people are usually deeply pessimistic about the future of their own knowledge. It was, they believe, given to them at the beginning of time, and in each generation some of it is lost. As cultural colonization moves into its final phase, the young have been reluctant to learn from their elders. They have preferred to imitate the strangers who have appeared among them.

funny how this strain of thought appears in almost every culture (obviously you can go looking for exceptions...)

kinda saddening, personally, but i know this type of thinking can preserve certain things of value

book review also goes on to talk about the ways in which discovery/research can impact the native practitioners of traditional medicine itself, interacting culturally and geopolitically, which is interesting to think about as well
posting on liquid sites in current year
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-14 00:01:45
April 14 2016 00:00 GMT
#72093
On April 14 2016 08:52 IgnE wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 14 2016 08:41 ticklishmusic wrote:
On April 14 2016 08:38 IgnE wrote:
www.thelancet.com

Article that talks about the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research. It's a problem that suffuses the entire field and erodes the distinction between "alternative medicine" and "medicine."

Putting a 5-sigma rule on medicine would pretty much kill the field too.


5 sigma is an insanely high standard

i think that he's referring to the profusion of a lot of shitty research in lower-tier journals. publish or perish is pretty real. however stuff published in reputable journals like the lancet, science, PNAS, etc are gonna be pretty solid for the most part


nah it's not limited to "lower-tier journals." it's a problem that goes to the top:

www.nature.com
www.nature.com

Show nested quote +
Unfortunately, basic biomedical research(a) has a reproducibility problem, now widely acknowledged after systematic analyses by two biotechnology companies revealed that major findings in published papers could be reproduced for less than a quarter of the papers reviewed. One study examined 67 articles and the authors were able to replicate the results of only 25% of the studies.1 While the reproducible results were robust – that is, they were sustained using a variety of tests – the results from the other 75% of studies could not be reproduced even when the methods outlined in the original papers were replicated exactly.

In the other study, when a result could not be reproduced, the lab that conducted the original experiment was consulted about their methods and, in some cases, asked to repeat the experiment themselves.2 Even with this outreach to the original researchers, the major findings of just 10% of the 53 papers analyzed could be reproduced. In both studies, reproducibility did not correlate with the quality or rank of the journal that published the research.(b) Reproducibility problems were identified even in top journals like Nature, Science, and Cell, which tend to publish groundbreaking studies and have special clout within the scientific community.


ugh

drug stuff is a whole different ball game from basic research (which is where i sit, or sat)

for starters, we need to have all the results released from trials not just favorable ones and buff the NIH funding to validate results and provide a cushion for researchers so they aren't pay for performance so much

On April 14 2016 08:56 SpiritoftheTunA wrote:
from the LA times review
Show nested quote +
Indigenous people are usually deeply pessimistic about the future of their own knowledge. It was, they believe, given to them at the beginning of time, and in each generation some of it is lost. As cultural colonization moves into its final phase, the young have been reluctant to learn from their elders. They have preferred to imitate the strangers who have appeared among them.

funny how this strain of thought appears in almost every culture (obviously you can go looking for exceptions...)

kinda saddening, personally, but i know this type of thinking can preserve certain things of value


this is what happens with cooking. my grandma knows how to make a huge amount of stuff, my mom knows how to make a decent amount, and i can boil water. well, i can do more than that but a lot of culinary knowledge is lost from generation to generation, quite sad really.
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
IgnE
Profile Joined November 2010
United States7681 Posts
April 14 2016 00:00 GMT
#72094
can you define "basic research"?
The unrealistic sound of these propositions is indicative, not of their utopian character, but of the strength of the forces which prevent their realization.
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-14 00:03:49
April 14 2016 00:02 GMT
#72095
On April 14 2016 09:00 IgnE wrote:
can you define "basic research"?


in vitro for the most part

a little bit of mice and primates at most

maybe there is a problem with reproducibility here as well, but i'm not so much aware of it
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
IgnE
Profile Joined November 2010
United States7681 Posts
April 14 2016 00:05 GMT
#72096
a lot of supplements (that have been implicitly bashed by people like kwark in this thread) have great in vitro studies
The unrealistic sound of these propositions is indicative, not of their utopian character, but of the strength of the forces which prevent their realization.
Slaughter
Profile Blog Joined November 2003
United States20254 Posts
April 14 2016 00:09 GMT
#72097
As you mentioned the publish or perish paradigm really ends up producing a lot of garbage research for the sake of publishing something. Especially as universities are decreasing the amount of tenured positions it just makes the game that much more high stakes, especially in fields that don't have as much money thrown at them as I imagine biomedical research would.
Never Knows Best.
TheTenthDoc
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United States9561 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-14 00:12:38
April 14 2016 00:11 GMT
#72098
Until "statistical significance" is no longer a requirement to get published, every single literature review of the effect of anything with a non-zero effect will be biased away from the null. It's just a mathematical fact. This is a bigger problem than anything involving "reproducibility" which is mostly an artifact of the stupidity of the modern application of the p value and hypothesis testing in settings of effect measurement, alongside a total lack of understanding of what the numbers people are creating in studies actually mean.
Ghostcom
Profile Joined March 2010
Denmark4782 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-14 00:21:50
April 14 2016 00:20 GMT
#72099
EDIT: On second thought, I don't think I want to engage in this.
oneofthem
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
Cayman Islands24199 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-04-14 01:02:05
April 14 2016 00:37 GMT
#72100
it is useful to keep in mind the that research is really diverse in topic and data characteristics within a 'field'. for economics there is a lot of methodological diversity as well.

medical stuff i dont know that much about but there is a fair bunch that is at the edge of signal/noise and this sensitivity to particular study conditions (lack of reproducibility) is well acknowledged. however, this also means you should take similar studies and see the result in aggregate, and literature review of this sort is really the level at which confidence is generated, not just individual studies
We have fed the heart on fantasies, the heart's grown brutal from the fare, more substance in our enmities than in our love
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