If both are left unmicro'd by either players, the SCV will obviously win because it has more HP.
However, since the SCV has a lower acceleration than the probe/drone, the probe/drone can actually be micro'd to defeat the SCV in a 1on1.
The SCV is the only peon that is unable to do a moving shot. That is to say, if it were to follow behind another peon, it wouldn't be able to damage it while moving. It has to stop first. And because the probe/drone is running away, there is absolutely no way for the SCV to hit it because it has to stop. Now, take this idea and change it around a bit so that neither peons are running away home. Rather, the probe/drone is running away only a little bit. The reason it runs away is because the probe hits the SCV, then backs away before it can get hit by the SCV. The reason the SCV gets hit and the probe doesn't, is because while the probe is free to just hit the SCV, the SCV has to take that same time to stop before it can attack. If micro'd properly, this process can result in a fully-healthy probe with 1 kill on an SCV.
Edit: alright SCV can do moving shot, but it still doesn't make a diff cause the probe still has longer range and thats the difference in 1on1's