• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 10:20
CEST 16:20
KST 23:20
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
TL.net Map Contest #21: Voting6[ASL20] Ro4 Preview: Descent11Team TLMC #5: Winners Announced!3[ASL20] Ro8 Preview Pt2: Holding On9Maestros of the Game: Live Finals Preview (RO4)5
Community News
Weekly Cups (Oct 6-12): Four star herO65.0.15 Patch Balance Hotfix (2025-10-8)78Weekly Cups (Sept 29-Oct 5): MaxPax triples up3PartinG joins SteamerZone, returns to SC2 competition325.0.15 Balance Patch Notes (Live version)119
StarCraft 2
General
5.0.15 Patch Balance Hotfix (2025-10-8) Revisiting the game after10 years and wow it's bad TL.net Map Contest #21: Voting The New Patch Killed Mech! Ladder Impersonation (only maybe)
Tourneys
Crank Gathers Season 2: SC II Pro Teams LiuLi Cup - September 2025 Tournaments SC4ALL $6,000 Open LAN in Philadelphia Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament Master Swan Open (Global Bronze-Master 2)
Strategy
Custom Maps
External Content
Mutation # 495 Rest In Peace Mutation # 494 Unstable Environment Mutation # 493 Quick Killers Mutation # 492 Get Out More
Brood War
General
Map with fog of war removed for one player? BW caster Sayle BW General Discussion Pros React To: BarrackS + FlaSh Coaching vs SnOw After 20 seasons we have a lot of great maps
Tourneys
[ASL20] Semifinal A [ASL20] Semifinal B SC4ALL $1,500 Open Bracket LAN [Megathread] Daily Proleagues
Strategy
Relatively freeroll strategies Current Meta BW - ajfirecracker Strategy & Training Siegecraft - a new perspective
Other Games
General Games
Dawn of War IV Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Nintendo Switch Thread ZeroSpace Megathread Path of Exile
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion LiquidDota to reintegrate into TL.net
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
SPIRED by.ASL Mafia {211640} TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine US Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Men's Fashion Thread Sex and weight loss
Fan Clubs
The herO Fan Club! The Happy Fan Club!
Media & Entertainment
[Manga] One Piece Anime Discussion Thread Movie Discussion!
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion MLB/Baseball 2023 NBA General Discussion TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
SC2 Client Relocalization [Change SC2 Language] Linksys AE2500 USB WIFI keeps disconnecting Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List Recent Gifted Posts
Blogs
Inbreeding: Why Do We Do It…
Peanutsc
From Tilt to Ragequit:The Ps…
TrAiDoS
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 1903 users

I know im late to the party but...

Forum Index > BW General
Post a Reply
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next All
Merfyn
Profile Joined May 2011
United Kingdom945 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-15 21:41:21
August 13 2012 23:03 GMT
#1
Basiclly, my main computer died a few weeks back (It was during exams so didnt really think to much about it then ) However, now that my exams are all done, i wanted to sit down and play some games, and here lies my problem...
My Old Computer isnt good enough to run SC2 with enough FPS for it to be viable in online games (i would get smashed more than usual) so my question to you people in the BW section, is
1) is it worth it downloading BW
2) What should i do before i play any games
3) are there any specific things i need to do before going online, i.e. ICCUP, antihack things? and how do i do these ?

Big thank you

Updating OP with info to help people like myself who want to get into this game :D

On August 14 2012 08:11 pigmanbear wrote:
SC:BW is free if you just want to play on ICCup. You need a real copy just for the campaign. Go to http://www.iccup.com/starcraft/sc_start.html and follow the instructions (the version from the FTP seems to come with the antihack and everything so I didn't need to do anything for step 2).

Good luck and have fun!


Usefull video from ICCUP explaining how to download it etc:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=zeuBJkGxMP

On August 14 2012 08:22 CaucasianAsian wrote:
What should you do before you play any games?

-Remember that just because you could get to X rank in Star2 doesn't mean you will be able to beat a single person on ICCUP for ~50 games. It's a REALLY tough game. Be cautious that you'll lose a lot of games at first.
.


Already found this to be completely true :D God i hate mutalisks

On August 14 2012 09:02 EchOne wrote:
For videos you can search for commentated FPVODs by Chill, Nony, Ahzz, Stylish, Oystein and others. You can just google "Name FPVOD" and get some helpful hits.

My recommendations for pre-playing:

1.) Find a friend or more online or otherwise to play with and talk to. Try searching for sGs on Teamliquid.
2.) Get hype. Watch things like Pimpest Plays, highlights of your favorite progamers, highlights of leagues, etc. to get your blood pumping. See NaDa kill Chojja with 1 vulture, Perfectman kill Iris with 1 reaver, Nony kill Idra with 1 probe.

For good games you can use Teamliquid search: "best games" in Brood War forum to find threads.


Helpfull info:
On August 14 2012 20:50 BlindKill wrote:
you should join sGs, thats where all us noobs hang out. Most of us are like D- to D+ so its about your skill level


For Windows 7 users (like myself) Run this file before you start BW it will fix the colour issues you get because of Windows 7:
On August 15 2012 05:45 L3gendary wrote:

Run this reg file it will fix the colours.
http://sixen.org/bnet/Color Fixes.reg


On August 15 2012 20:38 quirinus wrote:

Here are tons of useful links:
Protoss guides
Stylish fpvods with bos
Oystein fpvods with bos
Recommended topics in strategy forum
Liquipedia Strategy
Day[9] BW Dailies
Day[9] BW Dailies on his web site (pages 20-25)
Day[9] podcasts (all are listed in the bottom spoiler)
Legacy/best pro-games (2001-2011)
Cool unusual pro-games

There's a lot more commentary by other people, you can search around a bit... or ask someone to link you.


This game is amazing XD
"One cannot play StarCraft with clenched fish.."
pigmanbear
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
Angola2010 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-13 23:14:48
August 13 2012 23:11 GMT
#2
1) YES.
2) If you have the full game, the campaign is a lot of fun. You can play vs. computer too. You can purchase SC+BW battle chest for ~$20US still if you do want the official copy. Coming from SC2 to BW (having only played BW for fun yeearrrrs ago) I found the mechanics very different and I couldn't really give my opponent a good game in 1v1, so I just kept playing vs. the AI (which is awful, btw) until I felt comfortable doing the basics (scouting, controlling my units, in the case of zerg, having a key per hatchery, following a basic build order). I'm still very new so this is just advice from my personal experience. Then you probably want to get some D/D- practice partners and play a bunch of games before you ladder on ICCup.
3) SC:BW is free if you just want to play on ICCup. You need a real copy just for the campaign. Go to http://www.iccup.com/starcraft/sc_start.html and follow the instructions (the version from the FTP seems to come with the antihack and everything so I didn't need to do anything for step 2).

Good luck and have fun!
CaucasianAsian
Profile Blog Joined September 2005
Korea (South)11584 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-13 23:23:02
August 13 2012 23:22 GMT
#3
Is BW worth playing?

-I think every competitive starcraft gamer, or member who joined before 2010 will have to say that it is definitely worth playing. After all, if BW wasn't any good, SC2 wouldn't have been the most hyped RTS game of all time.

What should you do before you play any games?

-Remember that just because you could get to X rank in Star2 doesn't mean you will be able to beat a single person on ICCUP for ~50 games. It's a REALLY tough game. Be cautious that you'll lose a lot of games at first.

Are there any other specific things before you play?

-as pigmanbear said above, iccup you can just follow the link. For fish server, go to www.fishbattle.net this is where the most competitive players go, and they use their own launcher which is some variation of Aqua Launcher, Mini Launcher, or w-launcher.
Calendar@ Fish Server: `iOps]..Stark
Flip9
Profile Joined June 2012
Germany151 Posts
August 13 2012 23:27 GMT
#4
I agree with the posts above, and I want to add that in order to host a game on ICC you need to port forward, but even if you don't you can still join games.
L3gendary
Profile Joined October 2010
Canada1470 Posts
August 13 2012 23:28 GMT
#5
Is bw worth playing?

Well im like you and I got into the scene from sc2 only last year. The game just gets better the more I play it. Join some low level clans. There's also a team league and individual tournament held just for D rank players. The game is absolutely worth playing!
Watching Jaedong play purifies my eyes. -Coach Ju Hoon
Merfyn
Profile Joined May 2011
United Kingdom945 Posts
August 13 2012 23:30 GMT
#6
On August 14 2012 08:22 CaucasianAsian wrote:
Is BW worth playing?

-I think every competitive starcraft gamer, or member who joined before 2010 will have to say that it is definitely worth playing. After all, if BW wasn't any good, SC2 wouldn't have been the most hyped RTS game of all time.

What should you do before you play any games?

-Remember that just because you could get to X rank in Star2 doesn't mean you will be able to beat a single person on ICCUP for ~50 games. It's a REALLY tough game. Be cautious that you'll lose a lot of games at first.

Are there any other specific things before you play?

-as pigmanbear said above, iccup you can just follow the link. For fish server, go to www.fishbattle.net this is where the most competitive players go, and they use their own launcher which is some variation of Aqua Launcher, Mini Launcher, or w-launcher.


Thank you both for your replys but yeah, i only really discovered SC2 in mid 2011, and was far to young to actually play BW when it came out, so i sort of missed the BW era, and i know how hard it is, and im not expecting to win, i just want a game to play thats all :D Should i download the retail copy of BW as well as the ICCUP version?
"One cannot play StarCraft with clenched fish.."
sour_eraser
Profile Joined March 2011
Canada932 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-13 23:33:39
August 13 2012 23:32 GMT
#7
On August 14 2012 08:30 Merfyn wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 14 2012 08:22 CaucasianAsian wrote:
Is BW worth playing?

-I think every competitive starcraft gamer, or member who joined before 2010 will have to say that it is definitely worth playing. After all, if BW wasn't any good, SC2 wouldn't have been the most hyped RTS game of all time.

What should you do before you play any games?

-Remember that just because you could get to X rank in Star2 doesn't mean you will be able to beat a single person on ICCUP for ~50 games. It's a REALLY tough game. Be cautious that you'll lose a lot of games at first.

Are there any other specific things before you play?

-as pigmanbear said above, iccup you can just follow the link. For fish server, go to www.fishbattle.net this is where the most competitive players go, and they use their own launcher which is some variation of Aqua Launcher, Mini Launcher, or w-launcher.


Thank you both for your replys but yeah, i only really discovered SC2 in mid 2011, and was far to young to actually play BW when it came out, so i sort of missed the BW era, and i know how hard it is, and im not expecting to win, i just want a game to play thats all :D Should i download the retail copy of BW as well as the ICCUP version?


Yesh. If I were you, I would download both. Retail version for campaign ( to get used to basic mechanics like 12 unit selection and etc ) and ICCUP version once you want to play with other people. :O
Plus, BW is so easy to pirate these days and takes up very little space too.
"What's the f*cking point of censoring a letter if everyone and their mother knows what it stands for.... F*cking morons"
pigmanbear
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
Angola2010 Posts
August 13 2012 23:32 GMT
#8
On August 14 2012 08:30 Merfyn wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 14 2012 08:22 CaucasianAsian wrote:
Is BW worth playing?

-I think every competitive starcraft gamer, or member who joined before 2010 will have to say that it is definitely worth playing. After all, if BW wasn't any good, SC2 wouldn't have been the most hyped RTS game of all time.

What should you do before you play any games?

-Remember that just because you could get to X rank in Star2 doesn't mean you will be able to beat a single person on ICCUP for ~50 games. It's a REALLY tough game. Be cautious that you'll lose a lot of games at first.

Are there any other specific things before you play?

-as pigmanbear said above, iccup you can just follow the link. For fish server, go to www.fishbattle.net this is where the most competitive players go, and they use their own launcher which is some variation of Aqua Launcher, Mini Launcher, or w-launcher.


Thank you both for your replys but yeah, i only really discovered SC2 in mid 2011, and was far to young to actually play BW when it came out, so i sort of missed the BW era, and i know how hard it is, and im not expecting to win, i just want a game to play thats all :D Should i download the retail copy of BW as well as the ICCUP version?

You really only need the retail for campaign. If you just want to play people on ICCup, use their free version which doesn't include the campaigns.
Shock710
Profile Blog Joined December 2009
Australia6097 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-13 23:35:42
August 13 2012 23:33 GMT
#9
YES I love this game so much, u must play it. Tho do u have a friend that plays bw? it would nice for him to explain things like worker splitting importance of screen hot keys the fact that u should pick one match up learn the build order and grind it out on iccup till ur confident and ull learn a ton from grinding put the build even if ur only playing on match up on 1 map because it will ultimately help u learn other builds and a way to understand match ups faster. Learning which units perform better vs others and tricks like larvae moving muta stacking patrol micro ect, having someone in person tell u these things while ur playing is a huge help to learning the basics fast which leads to playing more games and fun! :D Goodluck

edit: playing the campaign is not good for learning to play with real players only for knowing the units and what they do or the storyline, both which a friend could just tell u, in a much faster way, ofc don't forget Teamliquid is a friend that plays bw
dAPhREAk gives Shock a * | [23:55] <Shock710> that was out of context -_- [16:26] <@motbob> Good question, Shock!
pigmanbear
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
Angola2010 Posts
August 13 2012 23:35 GMT
#10
Also this forum and the BW liquipedia contain much of the information Shock710 is referring to, and you'll often meet people on ICCup (particularly in the channel "op teamliquid") who are willing to help you iron out the wrinkles in your game. You don't really need to worry about things like larvae moving for a while, I think (I have my hands full just keeping up with my macro, but yea, there are lots of micro tricks to use that extra APM once you're comfortable with the basics).
Merfyn
Profile Joined May 2011
United Kingdom945 Posts
August 13 2012 23:37 GMT
#11
Thank you everyone so much for your replys :D yeah i do have a mate who can help me, but hes not really that good himself :D and thats fine im ok with grinding, however, are there any videos i could check out with will help show me the basics etc? or any videos i should watch that people would recomend ?
"One cannot play StarCraft with clenched fish.."
Flip9
Profile Joined June 2012
Germany151 Posts
August 13 2012 23:43 GMT
#12
On August 14 2012 08:37 Merfyn wrote:
Thank you everyone so much for your replys :D yeah i do have a mate who can help me, but hes not really that good himself :D and thats fine im ok with grinding, however, are there any videos i could check out with will help show me the basics etc? or any videos i should watch that people would recomend ?

It would help if you knew what race you want to play, so maybe play around for a while to see what you like.
Anyways the old Day9 dailys are pretty good. (but for a total beginner the number 1 rule is: BUILD STUFF!)
Gosi
Profile Blog Joined June 2011
Sweden9072 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-13 23:43:57
August 13 2012 23:43 GMT
#13
I see that you play Protoss, be aware that in Broodwar you can't have custom hotkeys and Protoss hotkeys are a bitch in this game.

Hell, hotkeys for all races can be a bitch if you ain't used to them. Just a heads up, because I've seen a couple of these threads and in the end they are dumping the game because they make pylons and probes on P and can't change that, or that they can't select one probe and shift-add a couple of gateways or whatever.
[13:40] <Qbek> gosi i dreanmt about you
Merfyn
Profile Joined May 2011
United Kingdom945 Posts
August 13 2012 23:53 GMT
#14
On August 14 2012 08:43 Gosi wrote:
I see that you play Protoss, be aware that in Broodwar you can't have custom hotkeys and Protoss hotkeys are a bitch in this game.

Hell, hotkeys for all races can be a bitch if you ain't used to them. Just a heads up, because I've seen a couple of these threads and in the end they are dumping the game because they make pylons and probes on P and can't change that, or that they can't select one probe and shift-add a couple of gateways or whatever.


Lol :D I dont care about that, for the last month iv been playing WC3, but its not fill the same ich that Starcraft did
"One cannot play StarCraft with clenched fish.."
IMLyte
Profile Joined November 2010
Canada714 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-13 23:55:13
August 13 2012 23:53 GMT
#15
1)This is only one of the most legendary games in existence
2) Play vs. a friend or just do 4v4 BGH to learn the basics.

Do not play BW like Starcraft 2 it plays completely different and will take a while to get used to, play with an open mind. Warning: You may get absolutely slaughtered on ICCUP, SC2 rank means nothing I'm masters SC2 but only D on ICCUP.
Have fun! Don't get frustrated with the sub-par ai it's what makes the game fun and interesting! Good Luck! Broodwar is an amazing game and im sure you'll enjoy it!

Edit: Watching Pro BW games helps and is also extremely entertaining.
I'ma show you how great I am ~ Muhammed Ali
Danzo
Profile Joined March 2011
2820 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-13 23:56:25
August 13 2012 23:55 GMT
#16
I was thinking to myself that should I start playing and learning BW, but there's not that many people on iCCup and the skill level is so high that I think it would just be a heavy time sink to learn the game. I'll always remember BW as the fun loving game I had when I was 13 playing 2v2 with friends.
Getting too old for this..
TheShimmy
Profile Joined January 2011
United States1808 Posts
August 13 2012 23:55 GMT
#17
BW can bring you such joy beyond belief.

1. YES DL IT
2. Dont expect to win a lot at first. Its an incredibly hard game but is incredibly amazing. Also watch VODs from tourneys like GC to learn matchups and builds. Hitting up the strategy guides in Liquipedia is also a good idea.
3. Get ICCup launcher and maphack. Consider joining a D-Ranks team in DRTL for practice partners and a fun time.
Hyvaa #1 Fan. Gogo STX, Dear, Bogus, Classic, and Mini! Always a BW fan!
SKDN
Profile Joined April 2012
Sweden243 Posts
August 13 2012 23:58 GMT
#18
Its load of fun man but its a long road from sc2 to bw..
Merfyn
Profile Joined May 2011
United Kingdom945 Posts
August 14 2012 00:01 GMT
#19
On August 14 2012 08:53 Mutality wrote:
1)This is only one of the most legendary games in existence
2) Play vs. a friend or just do 4v4 BGH to learn the basics.

Do not play BW like Starcraft 2 it plays completely different and will take a while to get used to, play with an open mind. Warning: You may get absolutely slaughtered on ICCUP, SC2 rank means nothing I'm masters SC2 but only D on ICCUP.
Have fun! Don't get frustrated with the sub-par ai it's what makes the game fun and interesting! Good Luck! Broodwar is an amazing game and im sure you'll enjoy it!

Edit: Watching Pro BW games helps and is also extremely entertaining.


Ok, do you have any seriously recommended Games i should watch (considering iv never once played BW, or watched any vods really :D ) I feel like iv miss a lot Damn my age
"One cannot play StarCraft with clenched fish.."
EchOne
Profile Blog Joined January 2008
United States2906 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-14 00:04:14
August 14 2012 00:02 GMT
#20
I'm sure the best computer game in existence is worth playing.

For videos you can search for commentated FPVODs by Chill, Nony, Ahzz, Stylish, Oystein and others. You can just google "Name FPVOD" and get some helpful hits.

My recommendations for pre-playing:

1.) Find a friend or more online or otherwise to play with and talk to. Try searching for sGs on Teamliquid.
2.) Get hype. Watch things like Pimpest Plays, highlights of your favorite progamers, highlights of leagues, etc. to get your blood pumping. See NaDa kill Chojja with 1 vulture, Perfectman kill Iris with 1 reaver, Nony kill Idra with 1 probe.

For good games you can use Teamliquid search: "best games" in Brood War forum to find threads.
面白くない世の中, 面白くすればいいさ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
OSC
12:00
King of the Hill #227
WardiTV818
IndyStarCraft 166
iHatsuTV 23
Liquipedia
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
LamboSC2 174
IndyStarCraft 166
StarCraft: Brood War
Britney 29102
Hyuk 6974
Calm 5977
Rain 2706
Flash 2502
Mini 880
Soma 828
firebathero 704
Light 696
EffOrt 613
[ Show more ]
Stork 419
ZerO 391
Snow 371
PianO 307
BeSt 289
Hyun 289
Larva 239
hero 162
Soulkey 151
Rush 92
Mind 88
JYJ82
Pusan 79
Mong 74
Nal_rA 69
Barracks 66
Backho 54
Shinee 46
Free 42
sorry 39
zelot 37
sas.Sziky 34
Killer 33
Aegong 23
Movie 21
yabsab 20
scan(afreeca) 12
SilentControl 9
Terrorterran 9
Dota 2
qojqva3458
syndereN425
Counter-Strike
allub163
oskar144
Heroes of the Storm
XaKoH 95
Other Games
summit1g7234
singsing2247
B2W.Neo977
hiko822
DeMusliM329
XcaliburYe283
Lowko274
crisheroes259
Mlord207
Sick203
Hui .155
Fuzer 122
ArmadaUGS52
KnowMe18
Rex18
ZerO(Twitch)13
Organizations
StarCraft: Brood War
UltimateBattle 736
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 13 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• Michael_bg 3
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• C_a_k_e 1972
League of Legends
• TFBlade682
Upcoming Events
Wardi Open
20h 40m
CranKy Ducklings
1d 19h
Safe House 2
2 days
Sparkling Tuna Cup
2 days
Safe House 2
3 days
Tenacious Turtle Tussle
6 days
The PondCast
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

CSL 2025 AUTUMN (S18)
WardiTV TLMC #15
HCC Europe

Ongoing

BSL 21 Points
ASL Season 20
C-Race Season 1
IPSL Winter 2025-26
EC S1
Thunderpick World Champ.
CS Asia Championships 2025
ESL Pro League S22
StarSeries Fall 2025
FISSURE Playground #2
BLAST Open Fall 2025
BLAST Open Fall Qual
Esports World Cup 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall Qual
IEM Cologne 2025

Upcoming

SC4ALL: Brood War
BSL Season 21
BSL 21 Team A
RSL Offline Finals
RSL Revival: Season 3
Stellar Fest
SC4ALL: StarCraft II
CranK Gathers Season 2: SC II Pro Teams
eXTREMESLAND 2025
ESL Impact League Season 8
SL Budapest Major 2025
BLAST Rivals Fall 2025
IEM Chengdu 2025
PGL Masters Bucharest 2025
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.