• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 01:37
CEST 07:37
KST 14:37
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
ByuL, and the Limitations of Standard Play1Team Liquid Map Contest #22: Results and Winners7Code S Season 2 (2026): RO4 and Finals Preview12TL.net Map Contest #22 - Voting & Ladder Map Selection7Code S Season 2 (2026) - RO8 Preview8
Community News
[TLMC] Summer 2026 Ladder Map Rotation05.0.16 patch for SC2 goes live (8 worker start)83ZeroSpace at Steam NextFest - Last free demo37Weekly Cups (June 8-14): Clem and Solar double, PTR tested0RSL: S6 Finals played at BlizzCon 202611
StarCraft 2
General
Is the larve respawn broken? The Death of Cheese: From a Professional Cheeser 5.0.16 patch for SC2 goes live (8 worker start) Old Replays From 1.4.6 The future of the SC game model
Tourneys
Douyu Cup 2026: $20,000 Legends Event (June 26-28) Maestros of The Game 2 announcement and schedule ! RSL Revival: Season 6 - Qualifiers and Main Event INu's Battles#17 <BO.9> Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament
Strategy
[G] Having the right mentality to improve
Custom Maps
New Map Maker - Looking for Advice - Love or Hate Work In Progress Melee Maps [D]RTS in all its shapes and glory <3
External Content
The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 532 Nuclear Family Mutation # 531 Experimental Artillery Mutation # 530 One For All
Brood War
General
Best thing happen to StarCraft since Remastered? ASL 22 Proposed Map Pool ProGamer Paychecks Story Data needed BW General Discussion
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [ASL21] Grand Finals The Casual Games of the Week Thread [BSL22] GosuLeague Casts - Tue & Thu 22:00 CEST
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Creating a full chart of Zerg builds Relatively freeroll strategies Why doesn't anyone use restoration?
Other Games
General Games
Path of Exile ZeroSpace at Steam NextFest - Last free demo Nintendo Switch Thread Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Beyond All Reason
Dota 2
Looking for a Dota Mentor Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread Vanilla Mini Mafia
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread The Games Industry And ATVI Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Canadian Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine
Fan Clubs
The HerO Fan Club! The herO Fan Club!
Media & Entertainment
Movie Discussion! Series you have seen recently... [Req][Books] Good Fantasy/SciFi books [TV/BOOK] *SPOILERS* Game of Thrones Discussion
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion McBoner: A hockey love story TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 Cricket [SPORT]
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Listen To The Coaches!
TrAiDoS
An Exploration of th…
waywardstrategy
I'm an arrogant trash talke…
FlaShFTW
Gauntlet SC2: A Retrospectiv…
Ctone23
ramps on octagon
StaticNine
StarCraft improvement
iopq
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 15822 users

SC2 Ladder Analysis: Part 2 - Page 2

Forum Index > SC2 General
Post a Reply
Prev 1 2 3 4 5 19 20 21 Next All
catamorphist
Profile Joined May 2010
United States297 Posts
August 08 2010 03:08 GMT
#21
How did you infer all this? Do you have a lot of mined data sitting around about wins and losses?
http://us.battle.net/sc2/en/profile/281144/1/catamorphist/
paralleluniverse
Profile Joined July 2010
4065 Posts
August 08 2010 03:10 GMT
#22
On August 08 2010 11:56 virgozero wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2010 11:33 vanick wrote:

I left a point out in my writeup that I probably should have included. TrueSkill, and likely SC2's ladder, have a factor based off the time since your last game that increases the player's uncertainty level (sigma) by an amount related to that.

yes but thats also very icky because we have no idea how accurate that is and how that differentiates from person to person. I am assuming it is a constant which would assume all players learn @ the same rate which they don't. Sure you can get a general consensus that in 1 week time a player should be X better and therefor we would adjust our system in accordance with X by mutliplying certain varaibles by Y or w/e but it still won't be accurate or anything near accurate.

Show nested quote +

Even if you're playing games back to back this factor will have a minimum value that will still increase sigma. This allows the system to adapt to a player whose skill increases over time.

Again I dont quite understand how this can be accurate though, this minimum value? Can you explain a lil more.

The way it determines your skill level (MMR) is to move your MMR up and down until it finds a point where you win and lose 50% of your games.

This post explains it in great detail for WoW: http://forums.worldofwarcraft.com/thread.html?topicId=14910422788&sid=1&pageNo=3#49

Of course, we would get such an explanation for SC2.
Necrosjef
Profile Joined March 2010
United Kingdom530 Posts
August 08 2010 03:11 GMT
#23
Interesting read. Conclusions appear to be accurate and tie in with the evidence.

Europe Server Diamond Player: ID=Necrosjef Code=957
Synwave
Profile Joined July 2009
United States2803 Posts
August 08 2010 03:13 GMT
#24
On August 08 2010 12:08 catamorphist wrote:
How did you infer all this? Do you have a lot of mined data sitting around about wins and losses?


Good question. I think obviously is the answer but Im curious too.
♞Nerdrage is the cause of global warming♞
paralleluniverse
Profile Joined July 2010
4065 Posts
August 08 2010 03:16 GMT
#25
On August 08 2010 12:13 Synwave wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2010 12:08 catamorphist wrote:
How did you infer all this? Do you have a lot of mined data sitting around about wins and losses?


Good question. I think obviously is the answer but Im curious too.

From the way the WoW arena system works.
vanick
Profile Joined August 2010
United States53 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-08-08 03:38:38
August 08 2010 03:33 GMT
#26
On August 08 2010 12:13 Synwave wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2010 12:08 catamorphist wrote:
How did you infer all this? Do you have a lot of mined data sitting around about wins and losses?


Good question. I think obviously is the answer but Im curious too.

No mined data. We don't have that for SC2. It is based on what we know about WoW Arena, what we know about SC2 ladder, and how Bayesian inference ranking systems work. This isn't necessarily how it works, though obviously I believe this is close to the truth. I'm sure there are incorrect parts not only of this post, but of the original ladder analysis. This is a theory that tries to describe the behavior we're observing, since the actual ladder mechanics occur within a black box.

virgo: paralleluniverse is right. Your MMR is an approximation of your true skill, and it moves according to your performance by winning/losing. How much it moves depends on many factors, as detailed in the original post.
SnakeChomp
Profile Joined May 2010
Canada125 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-08-08 03:44:12
August 08 2010 03:41 GMT
#27
On August 08 2010 08:59 Excalibur_Z wrote:
Q: So how do bonus points affect all this? Wouldn’t that mess up the rating gains over time?
A: Yes, they would. I am not sure how they correct for this. It’s possible that they inflate MMR over time by an equal amount so things still work. It’s possible they correct for the bonus pool instead. I don’t know.


I don't think the displayed rating value has any bearing on match making at all. If it did then the bonus pool would make no sense. I'm a freshly placed platinum player and I was winning 42 points on a win (due to my bonus pool) and losing 2 or 4 for losses. Assuming I was going 50/50 for my first few games (I wasn't but that isn't the point), it is an impossibility for my MMR to constantly be sky rocketing after each win and not changing after each loss; otherwise the system would not be an accurate reflection of my performance. No, I believe that the displayed points are purely fluff which is inflated by the bonus pool to make everyone feel as if they are constantly progressing when playing multiplayer. It is used to reflect rank on the ladder, again purely for the sense of progression, but does not and cannot reflect skill.

Further consider that the displayed rating cannot be compared across divisions as stated by Blizzard; therefore it makes no sense to use displayed rating to influence the "opponent is favored" display because your opponents can come from divisions other than your own.
virgozero
Profile Joined May 2010
Canada412 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-08-08 03:47:26
August 08 2010 03:46 GMT
#28
Okay so heres what Im stuck on
1.) You play a game
2.) The system assigns you a random MMR with a 50% uncertainty factor
3.) You play more games
4.) The system moves your uncertainty factor up or down depending on how correct the system was in guessing your MMR (if you win vs the ones you should win, the ufactor goes down and if you loose vs the one you should win, the ufactor goes up)

If that is rigth so far, I am asking on the fact that between 2-4, you are required to play more games.
"4.)" is based upon the games from "3.)" and the analyzation from "2.)".
If you have improved since "2.)" then how would that be accurate?

Vanick tells me there is this
Even if you're playing games back to back this factor will have a minimum value that will still increase sigma. This allows the system to adapt to a player whose skill increases over time

This factor will have a minimum value that wil still increase sigma? I dont quite understand that?
What is this minimum value and how do they come about it?

Rumpfriction
Profile Joined August 2010
7 Posts
August 08 2010 03:51 GMT
#29
hopefully you can help me with this as you know so much about the ladder (maybe its a glitch?), but i went 5-0 in placements then im 3-3 in platinum. my question is, even though ive been placed in a league i havent been giving a rank and judging by my score (wins - losses in points) i should be somewhere in the middle of the pack? my score screen shows me as undefined, or after a matched ranked something like 327. any ideas??

thanks,

Rump
vanick
Profile Joined August 2010
United States53 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-08-08 04:03:10
August 08 2010 03:57 GMT
#30
On August 08 2010 12:41 SnakeChomp wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2010 08:59 Excalibur_Z wrote:
Q: So how do bonus points affect all this? Wouldn’t that mess up the rating gains over time?
A: Yes, they would. I am not sure how they correct for this. It’s possible that they inflate MMR over time by an equal amount so things still work. It’s possible they correct for the bonus pool instead. I don’t know.


I don't think the displayed rating value has any bearing on match making at all. If it did then the bonus pool would make no sense. I'm a freshly placed platinum player and I was winning 42 points on a win (due to my bonus pool) and losing 2 or 4 for losses. Assuming I was going 50/50 for my first few games (I wasn't but that isn't the point), it is an impossibility for my MMR to constantly be sky rocketing after each win and not changing after each loss; otherwise the system would not be an accurate reflection of my performance. No, I believe that the displayed points are purely fluff which is inflated by the bonus pool to make everyone feel as if they are constantly progressing when playing multiplayer. It is used to reflect rank on the ladder, again purely for the sense of progression, but does not and cannot reflect skill.

Further consider that the displayed rating cannot be compared across divisions as stated by Blizzard; therefore it makes no sense to use displayed rating to influence the "opponent is favored" display because your opponents can come from divisions other than your own.


Excal thought this Q/A was worded confusingly and I said "nooo that's impossible" but it is true

I agree with you that displayed rating value has no bearing. The question here arises from my theory on how display rating change is calculated, since it seems that the change in displayed rating comes from the comparison of that rating to the opponent's MMR. I was merely illustrating an unanswered question regarding that. Change in MMR is always purely a result of the players' MMRs and sigmas. I've asked Excal to help clarify this segment.

virgo: Please read through the TrueSkill primer and other pages on the site if you're having trouble understanding the post. A lot of the concepts are better explained on the Microsoft Research site.
paralleluniverse
Profile Joined July 2010
4065 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-08-08 04:00:30
August 08 2010 03:57 GMT
#31
On August 08 2010 12:46 virgozero wrote:
Okay so heres what Im stuck on
1.) You play a game
2.) The system assigns you a random MMR with a 50% uncertainty factor
3.) You play more games
4.) The system moves your uncertainty factor up or down depending on how correct the system was in guessing your MMR (if you win vs the ones you should win, the ufactor goes down and if you loose vs the one you should win, the ufactor goes up)

If that is rigth so far, I am asking on the fact that between 2-4, you are required to play more games.
"4.)" is based upon the games from "3.)" and the analyzation from "2.)".
If you have improved since "2.)" then how would that be accurate?

Vanick tells me there is this
Show nested quote +
Even if you're playing games back to back this factor will have a minimum value that will still increase sigma. This allows the system to adapt to a player whose skill increases over time

This factor will have a minimum value that wil still increase sigma? I dont quite understand that?
What is this minimum value and how do they come about it?


You don't start with a random MMR, you start with an average MMR, i.e. a new player is assume to be better than 50% of players, and worse than 50% of players.

This MMR and sigma moves up and down depending on your performance in games.

You seem to think that the system guesses a random MMR and tests whether its guess is correct. That's not how it works.

The link above to a thread on the WoW forums explains this better.
Reason.SC2
Profile Joined April 2010
Canada1047 Posts
August 08 2010 04:08 GMT
#32
wow fancy stuff. some peoples sure is smart

On a more serious note, thanks for your efforts here, this is quality work.
potatoedoughnut
Profile Joined July 2008
United States334 Posts
August 08 2010 04:09 GMT
#33
Thanks for the summary of this type of matchmaking.

It would be really nice if we had a way to see our MMR & σ, rather than just a league and "rating" which don't mean much.

I'm interested in how the bonus pool plays into this. Do you think eventually the available pool points will do down as a player's rating value approaches their MMR? Or will it stay entirely separate from the MMR rating? I don't know how this worked in WoW Arena, or if they will use the system the same way.
Eagles may soar, but weasels do not get sucked into jet engines.
virgozero
Profile Joined May 2010
Canada412 Posts
August 08 2010 04:12 GMT
#34
On August 08 2010 12:57 paralleluniverse wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2010 12:46 virgozero wrote:
Okay so heres what Im stuck on
1.) You play a game
2.) The system assigns you a random MMR with a 50% uncertainty factor
3.) You play more games
4.) The system moves your uncertainty factor up or down depending on how correct the system was in guessing your MMR (if you win vs the ones you should win, the ufactor goes down and if you loose vs the one you should win, the ufactor goes up)

If that is rigth so far, I am asking on the fact that between 2-4, you are required to play more games.
"4.)" is based upon the games from "3.)" and the analyzation from "2.)".
If you have improved since "2.)" then how would that be accurate?

Vanick tells me there is this
Even if you're playing games back to back this factor will have a minimum value that will still increase sigma. This allows the system to adapt to a player whose skill increases over time

This factor will have a minimum value that wil still increase sigma? I dont quite understand that?
What is this minimum value and how do they come about it?


You don't start with a random MMR, you start with an average MMR, i.e. a new player is assume to be better than 50% of players, and worse than 50% of players.

This MMR and sigma moves up and down depending on your performance in games.

You seem to think that the system guesses a random MMR and tests whether its guess is correct. That's not how it works.

The link above to a thread on the WoW forums explains this better.

Alright thanks for that clarification. But the problem I am proposing remains there, the system will keep on adjusting your mmr and sigma but it will never reach a point that is accurate or anywhere near accurate of you.

Is anyone understanding what I am saying or am I stuck in my own world lol.
paralleluniverse
Profile Joined July 2010
4065 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-08-08 04:29:31
August 08 2010 04:26 GMT
#35
On August 08 2010 13:09 potatoedoughnut wrote:
Thanks for the summary of this type of matchmaking.

It would be really nice if we had a way to see our MMR & σ, rather than just a league and "rating" which don't mean much.

I'm interested in how the bonus pool plays into this. Do you think eventually the available pool points will do down as a player's rating value approaches their MMR? Or will it stay entirely separate from the MMR rating? I don't know how this worked in WoW Arena, or if they will use the system the same way.

I personally think the bonus pool will inflate everyone's points equally and indefinitely, at least until the ladder resets.

On August 08 2010 13:12 virgozero wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2010 12:57 paralleluniverse wrote:
On August 08 2010 12:46 virgozero wrote:
Okay so heres what Im stuck on
1.) You play a game
2.) The system assigns you a random MMR with a 50% uncertainty factor
3.) You play more games
4.) The system moves your uncertainty factor up or down depending on how correct the system was in guessing your MMR (if you win vs the ones you should win, the ufactor goes down and if you loose vs the one you should win, the ufactor goes up)

If that is rigth so far, I am asking on the fact that between 2-4, you are required to play more games.
"4.)" is based upon the games from "3.)" and the analyzation from "2.)".
If you have improved since "2.)" then how would that be accurate?

Vanick tells me there is this
Even if you're playing games back to back this factor will have a minimum value that will still increase sigma. This allows the system to adapt to a player whose skill increases over time

This factor will have a minimum value that wil still increase sigma? I dont quite understand that?
What is this minimum value and how do they come about it?


You don't start with a random MMR, you start with an average MMR, i.e. a new player is assume to be better than 50% of players, and worse than 50% of players.

This MMR and sigma moves up and down depending on your performance in games.

You seem to think that the system guesses a random MMR and tests whether its guess is correct. That's not how it works.

The link above to a thread on the WoW forums explains this better.

Alright thanks for that clarification. But the problem I am proposing remains there, the system will keep on adjusting your mmr and sigma but it will never reach a point that is accurate or anywhere near accurate of you.

Is anyone understanding what I am saying or am I stuck in my own world lol.

The MMR will get more accurate as sigma, which is the uncertainty, decreases.

As sigma decreases your MMR is adjusted less after each game, because the system is more certain of your skill.

The WoW forum link above has an explicit numerical example of this.
Synwave
Profile Joined July 2009
United States2803 Posts
August 08 2010 04:30 GMT
#36
I love how even the feedback is so above me Im looking at cherubs.
Thats a quality OP right there.
Fix that stuff for the cherubs OP! or not...I wouldn't know lol
♞Nerdrage is the cause of global warming♞
Excalibur_Z
Profile Joined October 2002
United States12248 Posts
August 08 2010 04:33 GMT
#37
On August 08 2010 12:41 SnakeChomp wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2010 08:59 Excalibur_Z wrote:
Q: So how do bonus points affect all this? Wouldn’t that mess up the rating gains over time?
A: Yes, they would. I am not sure how they correct for this. It’s possible that they inflate MMR over time by an equal amount so things still work. It’s possible they correct for the bonus pool instead. I don’t know.


I don't think the displayed rating value has any bearing on match making at all. If it did then the bonus pool would make no sense. I'm a freshly placed platinum player and I was winning 42 points on a win (due to my bonus pool) and losing 2 or 4 for losses. Assuming I was going 50/50 for my first few games (I wasn't but that isn't the point), it is an impossibility for my MMR to constantly be sky rocketing after each win and not changing after each loss; otherwise the system would not be an accurate reflection of my performance. No, I believe that the displayed points are purely fluff which is inflated by the bonus pool to make everyone feel as if they are constantly progressing when playing multiplayer. It is used to reflect rank on the ladder, again purely for the sense of progression, but does not and cannot reflect skill.

Further consider that the displayed rating cannot be compared across divisions as stated by Blizzard; therefore it makes no sense to use displayed rating to influence the "opponent is favored" display because your opponents can come from divisions other than your own.


I edited the second question to make it easier to understand:


Q: So how do bonus points affect the display rating changes? If the displayed rating change is based upon the comparison of the opponent's MMR with the player's displayed rating + the player's league cutoff, then wouldn't bonus points inflate the displayed rating and cause problems?
A: I'm not sure how they account for this. One possibility is they keep track of bonus points that make up your displayed rating, and ignore them when performing the calculation in the back-end.

Excal: It seems more likely that the bonus pool is only used to increase the displayed rating for division ranking purposes and ignored in back-end calculation because the bonus pool increases at the same rate for all players. This introduces a constant that is easily discarded when assessing actual skill within the system. Furthermore, if bonus points were considered in the process of point calculation, it would present an unfair advantage for players who have not yet used up their bonus pool (because their rating is therefore inflated giving them more to lose).



Better?
Moderator
Synwave
Profile Joined July 2009
United States2803 Posts
August 08 2010 04:35 GMT
#38
I do hardware support and make more money than my buddy that knows math like a super genious (sic)
You win sir
♞Nerdrage is the cause of global warming♞
Sabu113
Profile Blog Joined August 2009
United States11087 Posts
August 08 2010 04:54 GMT
#39
Very readable. Pretty interesting actually and I have only a basic stat background.
Biomine is a drunken chick who is on industrial strength amphetamines and would just grab your dick and jerk it as hard and violently as she could while screaming 'OMG FUCK ME', because she saw it in a Sasha Grey video ...-Wombat_Ni
Jonoman92
Profile Blog Joined September 2006
United States9110 Posts
August 08 2010 05:00 GMT
#40
Thanks for the research.

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/trueskill/details.aspx that is supposed to be laymen? Very surprised xbox uses such a complex system...
Prev 1 2 3 4 5 19 20 21 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
RSL Revival
02:00
S6 Americas Server Qualifier
Liquipedia
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
WinterStarcraft782
NeuroSwarm 164
ProTech139
StarCraft: Brood War
Rain 4484
GuemChi 4134
BeSt 802
Shuttle 494
Mind 95
Bale 15
Noble 14
Icarus 9
Purpose 8
League of Legends
JimRising 988
Super Smash Bros
Mew2King129
Other Games
summit1g14617
m0e_tv343
RuFF_SC278
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick741
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
[ Show 15 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• Hupsaiya 181
• Mapu13
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
League of Legends
• Jankos1206
• Rush861
• Stunt350
Upcoming Events
WardiTV Weekly
5h 23m
RSL Revival
1d 4h
RSL Revival
1d 11h
Bombastic Starleague
1d 14h
Kung Fu Cup
2 days
OSC
2 days
CrankTV Team League
3 days
Bombastic Starleague
3 days
Replay Cast
3 days
The PondCast
4 days
[ Show More ]
HomeStory Cup
4 days
Replay Cast
4 days
HomeStory Cup
5 days
Replay Cast
5 days
HomeStory Cup
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

BSL 22 Non-Korean Championship
Douyu Cup 2026
Murky Cup 2026

Ongoing

IPSL Spring 2026
Acropolis #4
CSCL: Masked Kings S4
YSL S3
CSL Season 21: Qualifier 2
SCTL 2026 Spring
IEM Cologne Major 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 2
CS Asia Championships 2026
Asian Champions League 2026
IEM Atlanta 2026
PGL Astana 2026
BLAST Rivals Spring 2026
IEM Rio 2026

Upcoming

CSL 2026 Summer (S21)
ASL Season 22:Wild Card Qualifier
CSLAN 4
Blizzard Classic Cup 2026
Kung Fu Cup 2026 Grand Finals
RSL Revival: Season 6
CranK Gathers Season 4: BW vs SC2 Team League
HSC XXIX
BCC 2026
Light Tournament 2026
Eternal Conflict S2 Finale
Eternal Conflict S2 E1
Heroes Pulsing #3
FISSURE Playground #5
BLAST Open Fall 2026
Esports World Cup 2026
BLAST Bounty Summer 2026
BLAST Bounty Summer Qual
Stake Ranked Episode 3
XSE Pro League 2026
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.