• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EST 06:44
CET 12:44
KST 20:44
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
ByuL: The Forgotten Master of ZvT20Behind the Blue - Team Liquid History Book16Clem wins HomeStory Cup 289HomeStory Cup 28 - Info & Preview13Rongyi Cup S3 - Preview & Info8
Community News
Weekly Cups (Feb 9-15): herO doubles up2ACS replaced by "ASL Season Open" - Starts 21/0224LiuLi Cup: 2025 Grand Finals (Feb 10-16)46Weekly Cups (Feb 2-8): Classic, Solar, MaxPax win2Nexon's StarCraft game could be FPS, led by UMS maker16
StarCraft 2
General
Terran Scanner Sweep ByuL: The Forgotten Master of ZvT Nexon's StarCraft game could be FPS, led by UMS maker How do you think the 5.0.15 balance patch (Oct 2025) for StarCraft II has affected the game? Weekly Cups (Feb 9-15): herO doubles up
Tourneys
Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament PIG STY FESTIVAL 7.0! (19 Feb - 1 Mar) LiuLi Cup: 2025 Grand Finals (Feb 10-16) Master Swan Open (Global Bronze-Master 2) WardiTV Team League Season 10
Strategy
Custom Maps
Map Editor closed ? [A] Starcraft Sound Mod
External Content
Mutation # 513 Attrition Warfare The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 512 Overclocked Mutation # 511 Temple of Rebirth
Brood War
General
Ladder maps - how we can make blizz update them? Gypsy to Korea TvZ is the most complete match up BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ Brood War inspired Terran vs Zerg cinematic – feed
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues Escore Tournament StarCraft Season 1 Small VOD Thread 2.0 KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 1
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Fighting Spirit mining rates Zealot bombing is no longer popular? Current Meta
Other Games
General Games
ZeroSpace Megathread Path of Exile Diablo 2 thread Nintendo Switch Thread Battle Aces/David Kim RTS Megathread
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread Mafia Game Mode Feedback/Ideas Vanilla Mini Mafia
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Ask and answer stupid questions here! Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine European Politico-economics QA Mega-thread
Fan Clubs
The IdrA Fan Club The herO Fan Club!
Media & Entertainment
[Req][Books] Good Fantasy/SciFi books [Manga] One Piece Anime Discussion Thread
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion TL MMA Pick'em Pool 2013
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Inside the Communication of …
TrAiDoS
My 2025 Magic: The Gathering…
DARKING
Life Update and thoughts.
FuDDx
How do archons sleep?
8882
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 2280 users

US Politics Mega-thread - Page 309

Forum Index > General Forum
Post a Reply
Prev 1 307 308 309 310 311 5508 Next
Now that we have a new thread, in order to ensure that this thread continues to meet TL standards and follows the proper guidelines, we will be enforcing the rules in the OP more strictly. Be sure to give them a complete and thorough read before posting!

NOTE: When providing a source, please provide a very brief summary on what it's about and what purpose it adds to the discussion. The supporting statement should clearly explain why the subject is relevant and needs to be discussed. Please follow this rule especially for tweets.

Your supporting statement should always come BEFORE you provide the source.


If you have any questions, comments, concern, or feedback regarding the USPMT, then please use this thread: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/website-feedback/510156-us-politics-thread
Ryzel
Profile Joined December 2012
United States545 Posts
June 19 2018 15:14 GMT
#6161
Lmao at everything about that ad.
Hakuna Matata B*tches
Plansix
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
United States60190 Posts
June 19 2018 15:18 GMT
#6162


I am concerned this approach is going to do a lot more harm than good. This seems reasonable at first, but it is pushing for legislative action with a gun to the legislature’s head. It is going to be viewed as political extortion. What is to stop the administration from doing something else terrible and demanding legislative concessions to stop?
I have the Honor to be your Obedient Servant, P.6
TL+ Member
Excludos
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Norway8233 Posts
Last Edited: 2018-06-19 15:36:15
June 19 2018 15:35 GMT
#6163
On June 20 2018 00:18 Plansix wrote:
https://twitter.com/NBCNews/status/1008732754882826241

I am concerned this approach is going to do a lot more harm than good. This seems reasonable at first, but it is pushing for legislative action with a gun to the legislature’s head. It is going to be viewed as political extortion. What is to stop the administration from doing something else terrible and demanding legislative concessions to stop?


I don't think it even seems reasonable at first... That wall does nothing and is way too expensive for US' terribly empty bank account right now. It also stops approximately no one from crossing the border in the first place, especially as the majority crosses it legally and just outstays their welcome. Holding human rights violations in hostage to fund this ridiculous contraption makes Trump nothing short of an absolutely monster and horrible human being.

And, importantly, like you said it would also set a horrible precedence for the future political landscape.
zlefin
Profile Blog Joined October 2012
United States7689 Posts
June 19 2018 15:38 GMT
#6164
sessions just spouting nonsense; as one would expect of a politician.

it's abundantly clear that it's not about actually enforcing rule of law.
Great read: http://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-general-election/ great book on democracy: http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10671.html zlefin is grumpier due to long term illness. Ignoring some users.
Doodsmack
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States7224 Posts
June 19 2018 15:39 GMT
#6165


Nothing like a good bald faced lie in the morning. Crime is actually down in Germany. I mean I understand that Trump doesn’t have an argument to support the family separation policy, but what does it say about his supporters that he’s willing to lie so openly? And this is his base of support - the 20-30% who support family separation. I’m not sure he should be doubling down on his base going into the midterms.
Simberto
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
Germany11749 Posts
June 19 2018 15:41 GMT
#6166
But he already countered that counterargument. See, of course you can't actually trust "statistics" when talking about crime.

The officials do not report the crimes! But donald trumps crystal ball tells him that crime is actually up 10%. So that is that. Believe the Donald, not your fancy "statistics".
Mohdoo
Profile Joined August 2007
United States15737 Posts
June 19 2018 15:45 GMT
#6167
The sad thing is, people won't even ask themselves "So if officials aren't reporting it, who is the one compiling and interpreting all this data?"

The best option someone would have is to guess. And of course it's just a nice round 10%. lol.
mozoku
Profile Joined September 2012
United States708 Posts
June 19 2018 15:52 GMT
#6168
I wonder how much the dysfunction of Congress would be reduced if we stopped electing federal legislators by region (though somehow not necessarily tilting the urban-rural balance--which I don't have a strong opinion on fwiw). The new economy means urban-rural voters are basically two separate countries, but regional elections mean that each politician is only incentivized to appeal to one of the two countries.

This leads to legislators taking extreme positions because, for most of them, they're more concerned about primaries than general elections. It also leads to our schizophrenic foreign policy. There's little incentive to fight over moderate voters (who usually reward compromise), and unsurprisingly, it seems that legislators from purple states seem most willing to govern responsibly (in contrast with Red State Republicans or the Blue State cool kid presidential hopefuls who indiscriminately #RESIST everything so they can brag about it later on). Gerrymandering plays a role here too, but I suspect the effect of regional representation is far larger (though politically harder to discuss) and more important.
Jockmcplop
Profile Blog Joined February 2012
United Kingdom9771 Posts
Last Edited: 2018-06-19 15:54:16
June 19 2018 15:53 GMT
#6169
On June 20 2018 00:45 Mohdoo wrote:
The sad thing is, people won't even ask themselves "So if officials aren't reporting it, who is the one compiling and interpreting all this data?"

The best option someone would have is to guess. And of course it's just a nice round 10%. lol.



You know this will come up again, though. All Trump had to do was mention a knife crime warzone in the UK and we're getting it shoved in our faces on TL (that was also a lie).
RIP Meatloaf <3
Simberto
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
Germany11749 Posts
June 19 2018 16:05 GMT
#6170
Oh, and just to be clear, the whole thing is utter nonsense. I am just going to look at total crimes now, and when we compare 2014 (before the refugee crisis) and 2017, total crimes are reduced from 6,082m incidents in 2014 to 5763 million in 2017.

Police crime statistics flyer from 2014
Police crime statistics flyer from 2017, sadly apparently only in german

All of the statistics are readily available here, though a lot of it seems to only exist in German, or i can't find the english versions.
Plansix
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
United States60190 Posts
Last Edited: 2018-06-19 16:08:07
June 19 2018 16:06 GMT
#6171
On June 20 2018 00:52 mozoku wrote:
I wonder how much the dysfunction of Congress would be reduced if we stopped electing federal legislators by region (though somehow not necessarily tilting the urban-rural balance--which I don't have a strong opinion on fwiw). The new economy means urban-rural voters are basically two separate countries, but regional elections mean that each politician is only incentivized to appeal to one of the two countries.

This leads to legislators taking extreme positions because, for most of them, they're more concerned about primaries than general elections. It also leads to our schizophrenic foreign policy. There's little incentive to fight over moderate voters (who usually reward compromise), and unsurprisingly, it seems that legislators from purple states seem most willing to govern responsibly (in contrast with Red State Republicans or the Blue State cool kid presidential hopefuls who indiscriminately #RESIST everything so they can brag about it later on). Gerrymandering plays a role here too, but I suspect the effect of regional representation is far larger (though politically harder to discuss) and more important.

I think this is a problem with the party’s primary systems, which are a more modern political development. Because the turnout for the primaries are so low, the hyper invested extremes of each party control the candidates. It has become more of a problem in the last 10-15 years as that base has figured out how much power they wield by being able to remove someone from the ballot through the primary. The primaries are controlled by state law as well, so it a problem that has to be addressed state by state.

We cannot get rid of regional representation, it is the foundation of democracy. But we can push back against electing folks that go to Washington to "oppose" the other party, which amounts to doing nothing.
I have the Honor to be your Obedient Servant, P.6
TL+ Member
mozoku
Profile Joined September 2012
United States708 Posts
Last Edited: 2018-06-19 16:33:39
June 19 2018 16:33 GMT
#6172
If getting rid of it is too much, how about weakening it?

What if, exclusively for federal legislative purposes, we broke the US into, say, 10 districts which each have a large number of elected representatives (each voter votes for more than one) that cross state lines with some mandate that the 10 districts must be "purplish" (based on the results of the last presidential election)? You could mandate that >X% (X=40?) of the districts voter's voted for the non-majority party to assess "purpleness"?
iamthedave
Profile Joined February 2011
England2814 Posts
June 19 2018 16:35 GMT
#6173
On June 20 2018 00:18 Plansix wrote:
https://twitter.com/NBCNews/status/1008732754882826241

I am concerned this approach is going to do a lot more harm than good. This seems reasonable at first, but it is pushing for legislative action with a gun to the legislature’s head. It is going to be viewed as political extortion. What is to stop the administration from doing something else terrible and demanding legislative concessions to stop?


Build a wall 40 foot high, all you do is create a market for ladders 50 foot tall.
I'm not bad at Starcraft; I just think winning's rude.
Mohdoo
Profile Joined August 2007
United States15737 Posts
June 19 2018 16:41 GMT
#6174
On June 20 2018 01:05 Simberto wrote:
Oh, and just to be clear, the whole thing is utter nonsense. I am just going to look at total crimes now, and when we compare 2014 (before the refugee crisis) and 2017, total crimes are reduced from 6,082m incidents in 2014 to 5763 million in 2017.

Police crime statistics flyer from 2014
Police crime statistics flyer from 2017, sadly apparently only in german

All of the statistics are readily available here, though a lot of it seems to only exist in German, or i can't find the english versions.


Statistics? Sounds like a fancy liberal word for "bullshit" in the eyes of redhats. You gotta keep in mind these people believe the government/deepstate are bullshiting *all* of it. All the statistics are lies to them.
Sermokala
Profile Blog Joined November 2010
United States14104 Posts
June 19 2018 16:48 GMT
#6175
On June 20 2018 01:33 mozoku wrote:
If getting rid of it is too much, how about weakening it?

What if, exclusively for federal legislative purposes, we broke the US into, say, 10 districts which each have a large number of elected representatives (each voter votes for more than one) that cross state lines with some mandate that the 10 districts must be "purplish" (based on the results of the last presidential election)? You could mandate that >X% (X=40?) of the districts voter's voted for the non-majority party to assess "purpleness"?

You'd be creating entire interstate governmental fiefs that are somehow parallel to the federal state county government structure.

Good luck getting states to agree to share power with each other.
A wise man will say that he knows nothing. We're gona party like its 2752 Hail Dark Brandon
On_Slaught
Profile Joined August 2008
United States12190 Posts
Last Edited: 2018-06-19 16:50:16
June 19 2018 16:49 GMT
#6176
Trump is going on the offensive rather than doing the right thing. Please note the dehumanizing term "infest" as applied to immigrants, including children escaping violence. Fascists rejoice I guess.

That discussion yesterday is looking pretty prescient. We cant expect Trump to not be evil, so it falls on people like Cruz to help us (lol...). Then you have people like Coulter and Ingram saying these kids are actors or being kept in day spas. Man, what a sad time. History will not look kindly on this time period.

Plansix
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
United States60190 Posts
Last Edited: 2018-06-19 16:57:34
June 19 2018 16:54 GMT
#6177
On June 20 2018 01:33 mozoku wrote:
If getting rid of it is too much, how about weakening it?

What if, exclusively for federal legislative purposes, we broke the US into, say, 10 districts which each have a large number of elected representatives (each voter votes for more than one) that cross state lines with some mandate that the 10 districts must be "purplish" (based on the results of the last presidential election)? You could mandate that >X% (X=40?) of the districts voter's voted for the non-majority party to assess "purpleness"?

You would need to amend the constitution drastically, basically rewriting article 1 to change the makeup of congress on a fundamental level. It would change the nature of US goverment as we know it.

On a basic level, I also want to push back against the idea that the political parties being evenly split leads to better legislators. That is a byproduct, but the red vs blue divide created by the political parties is a result of way the media frames goverment. It is all that most of us in the US have ever known, but is still recent in US history. If you look back to the 1930 coverage of goverment, it was framed as the president vs congress. Political parties have grown more unified in their stances since the 1990s as well and courted voters based on party affiliation, rather than being for the local union or local industry.

Rather than looking at the political divide as something we need to bridge to new rules and systems, look at it as a result of how voters view the goverment. Voters now are being told that they should vote for a Republican/democrat to support/oppose Trump. Not, as was in the past, to represent the voter's interest in Washington. To bring home a piece of the goverment pie for the local community he represent.

Side note:

The Republicans ended the practice of ear marks back during the tea party surge, which was a big part of their platform. And it made voters feel good, because it ended the pork in bills they did not like. But it also killed the ability for the local reps to pull down federal tax dollars for smaller states, which is not really in the voter's interest. Politicians today are running on making voters feel good about their vote, rather than the outcome after the election. I think this directly feeds into the problem you are describing.

The same risk applies to the democrats in this upcoming election. Opposing Trump makes voters who felt powerless feel like they have some control. But there has to be substance afterwords. Voters need to become more concerned with what happens after the election.
I have the Honor to be your Obedient Servant, P.6
TL+ Member
Danglars
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States12133 Posts
June 19 2018 16:55 GMT
#6178
On June 20 2018 01:33 mozoku wrote:
If getting rid of it is too much, how about weakening it?

What if, exclusively for federal legislative purposes, we broke the US into, say, 10 districts which each have a large number of elected representatives (each voter votes for more than one) that cross state lines with some mandate that the 10 districts must be "purplish" (based on the results of the last presidential election)? You could mandate that >X% (X=40?) of the districts voter's voted for the non-majority party to assess "purpleness"?

You’re just making things less representative for little gain. Try telling voters they have to share their voice with populous metros a state away? Much of the rural Midwest would be entirely disenfranchised from lack of population (large areas must be swept up to make it purplish for just tiny slices of somebody’s metro). Then strategic voting. Then the same political question of where to draw districts and how to redistrict so that one’s blue with a hefty side of red or red with a hefty side of blue. Strategic vote split a bunch of the seats blue if you’re the absolute majority within the district. More establishment “vote for me because I’m electable, and not these other red challenger ... that will just give team blue more absolute seats in the district!!!” that is slightly less of a problem, though a problem, with more regionally divided districts.
Great armies come from happy zealots, and happy zealots come from California!
TL+ Member
ChristianS
Profile Blog Joined March 2011
United States3295 Posts
Last Edited: 2018-06-19 16:58:47
June 19 2018 16:57 GMT
#6179
https://mobile.twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1009071403918864385?ref_src=twsrc^google|twcamp^serp|twgr^tweet

Edit: tweet's not embedding right, but On_Slaught posted it above anyway so I'm not gonna fix it.

I'm not normally one to post tweets, but this one seems significant. I don't remember anyone here (even Danglars, iirc) really disagreeing with the idea that Trump is racist at least sometimes, so this might be preaching to the choir, but using the word "infest" to describe a minority group is pretty clearly racist demagoguery to me. I'd be interested to hear if anyone here disagrees, but to be clear, "infest" is a word normally used to describe subhuman animals (rats, cockroaches, Zerg), and he's using it as a blanket term for illegal immigrants. Unlike the "shithole countries," he's not even pretending he didn't say it.

The present moment seems like some of the strongest evidence yet that Trump a) holds racist beliefs, and b) those beliefs translate jnto policy.
"Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity." -Robert J. Hanlon
mozoku
Profile Joined September 2012
United States708 Posts
June 19 2018 16:58 GMT
#6180
On June 20 2018 01:48 Sermokala wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 20 2018 01:33 mozoku wrote:
If getting rid of it is too much, how about weakening it?

What if, exclusively for federal legislative purposes, we broke the US into, say, 10 districts which each have a large number of elected representatives (each voter votes for more than one) that cross state lines with some mandate that the 10 districts must be "purplish" (based on the results of the last presidential election)? You could mandate that >X% (X=40?) of the districts voter's voted for the non-majority party to assess "purpleness"?

You'd be creating entire interstate governmental fiefs that are somehow parallel to the federal state county government structure.

Good luck getting states to agree to share power with each other.

As long as each state's relative voting power remains about the same, would they really be so opposed? I'm not as convinced. Besides, you're sharing it with your neighbors who likely share many of the same political views as your state does to begin with.

The secret sauce is in the fact that larger districts allow for more flexibility in creating purple districts (which would be mandated by law). That doesn't transfer power between states (or parties, which is also key), but it transfers power away from extremists. It also makes the transition to a better voting system (i.e. one with multiple votes) an easier pill to swallow.
Prev 1 307 308 309 310 311 5508 Next
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
KCM Race Survival
10:00
Regular season
Kim Chul Min (afreeca) 1121
LiquipediaDiscussion
PiG Sty Festival
09:00
Group A
Maru vs Bunny
Classic vs SHIN
PiGStarcraft1085
TKL 257
IndyStarCraft 227
Rex155
IntoTheiNu 25
Liquipedia
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
PiGStarcraft1085
TKL 257
IndyStarCraft 227
Lowko167
ProTech163
Rex 155
StarCraft: Brood War
Britney 27836
Horang2 7965
Hyuk 2943
GuemChi 2843
Sea 1317
Bisu 1127
Jaedong 676
Flash 574
Mini 308
ZerO 297
[ Show more ]
Stork 261
BeSt 243
Snow 198
Last 179
Hyun 177
EffOrt 154
Pusan 120
Larva 115
Light 102
hero 102
ggaemo 96
Mong 84
Rush 75
Shuttle 53
Barracks 52
Soulkey 51
Sea.KH 40
sorry 37
JYJ 35
Hm[arnc] 34
JulyZerg 33
Mind 31
ToSsGirL 27
sSak 22
Free 22
scan(afreeca) 22
Yoon 22
Icarus 21
NaDa 20
910 16
Bale 16
Terrorterran 16
ZergMaN 12
GoRush 12
Movie 11
Dota 2
Gorgc2082
XaKoH 518
XcaliburYe45
canceldota40
Counter-Strike
olofmeister1809
zeus1316
allub295
x6flipin294
kRYSTAL_66
Heroes of the Storm
Khaldor149
Other Games
singsing2528
Liquid`RaSZi954
B2W.Neo402
crisheroes235
Fuzer 137
Mew2King63
Trikslyr30
QueenE15
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick519
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 11 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
League of Legends
• Jankos1768
Upcoming Events
WardiTV Winter Champion…
16m
OSC
16m
Replay Cast
12h 16m
PiG Sty Festival
21h 16m
Clem vs Percival
Zoun vs Solar
Escore
22h 16m
Epic.LAN
1d
Replay Cast
1d 12h
PiG Sty Festival
1d 21h
herO vs NightMare
Reynor vs Cure
CranKy Ducklings
1d 22h
Epic.LAN
2 days
[ Show More ]
Replay Cast
2 days
PiG Sty Festival
2 days
Serral vs YoungYakov
ByuN vs ShoWTimE
Sparkling Tuna Cup
2 days
Replay Cast
3 days
Replay Cast
3 days
Wardi Open
4 days
Monday Night Weeklies
4 days
Replay Cast
4 days
WardiTV Winter Champion…
5 days
WardiTV Winter Champion…
6 days
The PondCast
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Proleague 2026-02-18
LiuLi Cup: 2025 Grand Finals
Underdog Cup #3

Ongoing

KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 1
WardiTV Winter 2026
PiG Sty Festival 7.0
Nations Cup 2026
PGL Cluj-Napoca 2026
IEM Kraków 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter Qual
eXTREMESLAND 2025
SL Budapest Major 2025

Upcoming

Escore Tournament S1: King of Kings
[S:21] ASL SEASON OPEN 1st Round
[S:21] ASL SEASON OPEN 1st Round Qualifier
Acropolis #4 - TS5
Jeongseon Sooper Cup
Spring Cup 2026: China & Korea Invitational
[S:21] ASL SEASON OPEN 2nd Round
HSC XXIX
uThermal 2v2 2026 Main Event
Bellum Gens Elite Stara Zagora 2026
RSL Revival: Season 4
BLAST Rivals Spring 2026
CCT Season 3 Global Finals
FISSURE Playground #3
IEM Rio 2026
PGL Bucharest 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 1
BLAST Open Spring 2026
ESL Pro League Season 23
ESL Pro League Season 23
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.