• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 11:16
CEST 17:16
KST 00:16
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
Code S RO12 Preview: Maru, Trigger, Rogue, NightMare12Code S RO12 Preview: Cure, sOs, Reynor, Solar15[ASL19] Ro8 Preview: Unyielding3Official Ladder Map Pool Update (April 28, 2025)17[ASL19] Ro8 Preview: Rejuvenation8
Community News
Maru & Rogue GSL RO12 interviews: "I think the pressure really got to [trigger]"3Code S Season 1 - Maru & Rogue advance to RO80Code S Season 1 - Cure & Reynor advance to RO84$1,250 WardiTV May [May 6th-May 18th]5Clem wins PiG Sty Festival #67
StarCraft 2
General
Maru & Rogue GSL RO12 interviews: "I think the pressure really got to [trigger]" Code S Season 1 - Maru & Rogue advance to RO8 Clem wins PiG Sty Festival #6 How does the number of casters affect your enjoyment of esports? Code S Season 1 - Cure & Reynor advance to RO8
Tourneys
Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament [GSL 2025] Code S:Season 1 - RO12 - Group B [GSL 2025] Code S:Season 1 - RO12 - Group A $1,250 WardiTV May [May 6th-May 18th] SOOPer7s Showmatches 2025
Strategy
[G] PvT Cheese: 13 Gate Proxy Robo Simple Questions Simple Answers
Custom Maps
[UMS] Zillion Zerglings
External Content
Mutation # 472 Dead Heat Mutation # 471 Delivery Guaranteed Mutation # 470 Certain Demise Mutation # 469 Frostbite
Brood War
General
Why is nobody talking about game 1 of SK vs Rush? BGH auto balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ BW General Discussion (UMS) Artosis vs Ogre Zerg [The Legend Continues] Recent recommended BW games
Tourneys
[USBL Spring 2025] Groups cast [ASL19] Ro8 Day 4 [BSL20] RO32 Group F - Saturday 20:00 CET [BSL20] RO32 Group E - Sunday 20:00 CET
Strategy
[G] How to get started on ladder as a new Z player Creating a full chart of Zerg builds [G] Mineral Boosting
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread What do you want from future RTS games? Nintendo Switch Thread Grand Theft Auto VI Battle Aces/David Kim RTS Megathread
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
LiquidLegends to reintegrate into TL.net
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers
Hearthstone
Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Vanilla Mini Mafia TL Mafia Community Thread TL Mafia Plays: Diplomacy TL Mafia: Generative Agents Showdown Survivor II: The Amazon
Community
General
Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine US Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread UK Politics Mega-thread Elon Musk's lies, propaganda, etc.
Fan Clubs
Serral Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Movie Discussion! Anime Discussion Thread [Books] Wool by Hugh Howey Surprisingly good films/Hidden Gems
Sports
2024 - 2025 Football Thread NHL Playoffs 2024 NBA General Discussion Formula 1 Discussion
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread Cleaning My Mechanical Keyboard How to clean a TTe Thermaltake keyboard?
TL Community
BLinD-RawR 50K Post Watch Party The Automated Ban List TL.net Ten Commandments
Blogs
Why 5v5 Games Keep Us Hooked…
TrAiDoS
Info SLEgma_12
SLEgma_12
SECOND COMMING
XenOsky
WombaT’s Old BW Terran Theme …
WombaT
Heero Yuy & the Tax…
KrillinFromwales
BW PvZ Balance hypothetic…
Vasoline73
Test Entry for subject
xumakis
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 12004 users

E-sports as an Olympic category petition - Page 7

Forum Index > SC2 General
Post a Reply
Prev 1 5 6 7 8 Next All
Sinedd
Profile Joined July 2008
Poland7052 Posts
August 29 2012 15:03 GMT
#121
would be amazingly cool, but will probably never happen..

why ?

because the games that are being played on a pro level change too often

I think
T H C makes ppl happy
Raygun
Profile Joined August 2010
348 Posts
August 29 2012 15:14 GMT
#122
Also, do you think that Blizzard would relinquish rule changes to an ISF? I'm fairly certain that the IOC would never allow a corporation that creates a game to also act as the ISF, correct me if there is precedence. Rule changes would include all balance changes, bug fixes that impact game play, and map selection.
radscorpion9
Profile Blog Joined March 2011
Canada2252 Posts
August 29 2012 15:36 GMT
#123
On August 30 2012 00:14 Raygun wrote:
Also, do you think that Blizzard would relinquish rule changes to an ISF? I'm fairly certain that the IOC would never allow a corporation that creates a game to also act as the ISF, correct me if there is precedence. Rule changes would include all balance changes, bug fixes that impact game play, and map selection.


And then isn't there the whole question of whether the game is truly balanced or not? We don't really know whether, with time, a certain race will figure out certain impervious strategies to the point where they will have a permanent advantage (imagine it being zerg, for example). That would make the whole thing pretty controversial, especially with heart of the swarm coming out and the myriad balance changes that will probably be coming out of that in the next few years (and then its expansion).

If any game is going to make it, assuming you create an international federation and garner enough world-wide support (which apparently hasn't been enough to get rugby included yet!!), it would probably be something like counter-strike GO. Not only because the balance is fairly even for both sides as they both have access to nearly the same equipment, but because its a spectator sport that can be immediately enjoyed by any audience. SC2 faces another hurdle of having to explain exactly what units and buildings are, as well as their upgrades and how they counter each other...for three races. Is the average person going to sit down and take 10 minutes to understand this, or watch his beloved basketball or tennis game which is much more widely supported?

I'm surprised that the CEO of a gamer institute hasn't thought of any of these cons, I guess he isn't aware of his own bias.
xrapture
Profile Blog Joined December 2011
United States1644 Posts
August 29 2012 15:40 GMT
#124
The game is not 100% balanced and never will be, so all results will be meaningless on an Olympic scale.

Chess needs to get in before esports can be considered. Chess is a much harder game, way more popular, and is also balanced.
Everyone is either delusional, a nihlilst, or dead from suicide.
BronzeKnee
Profile Joined March 2011
United States5214 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-29 15:48:19
August 29 2012 15:41 GMT
#125
On August 29 2012 11:39 HotGlueGun wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 29 2012 11:18 BronzeKnee wrote:
On August 29 2012 11:15 Enzymatic wrote:
The thing is... Typically the Olympics are associated with "Physical" activity/sports, ie: requiring intensive physical training in order to prepare. eSports doesn't really fit that category.


Take a look at Kimberly Rhodes: http://i.eurosport.com/2012/07/29/868343-14655826-640-360.jpg

Shooting a gun takes about the same physical training as using a mouse and keyboard...

Pretty sure shooting only made it into the Olympics because it is similar to Archery though, which at one time took a lot of strength to draw a bow. Today, bows have pulleys on them and are easier to draw.


Sorry, but basically every olympic event requires much more overall physical activity than SC2 by a long shot, even shooting.
http://www.issf-academy.com/courses/fundamentals-of-pistol.html

Also, the general public will have an overwhelmingly negative view of eSports if cyber athletes are put on the same pedestal as Olympian athletes.


He said it requires intensive physical training... shooting does not. Kimberly Rhobes is probably considered obese by her BMI, if not then just overweight.

She doesn't shoot pistols either, but anyway the "Fundamentals of Pistol" that you linked goes only to show that it is more about hand and body position and breathing than pure strength, agility or fitness. Which is the same with SC2, you need good hand position, good posture, ect... so the evidence you presented in your argument really only strengthens mine...

And that was my whole point, that not all Olympics sports require intensive physical training. To be really great at SC2 you need to have great hands, as well as a great mind. If I knew more about shooting I could make a similar statement.

All that being said, I don't think SC2 should be an Olympic sport (nor should shooting be), but it shouldn't not qualify because it doesn't take enough physical activity if shooting is there.
sVnteen
Profile Joined January 2011
Germany2238 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-29 20:08:27
August 29 2012 20:07 GMT
#126
well this won't do anything but it's nice nonetheless and I'm sure many more people would watch sc2 for example instead of some of the olympic sports tbh
MY LIFE STARTS NOW ♥
nvs.
Profile Blog Joined May 2010
Canada3609 Posts
August 29 2012 20:50 GMT
#127
I love me some competitive gaming, but "e-sports" as an Olympic game just seems silly to me.
FairForever
Profile Joined February 2011
Canada2392 Posts
August 29 2012 20:52 GMT
#128
On August 30 2012 00:41 BronzeKnee wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 29 2012 11:39 HotGlueGun wrote:
On August 29 2012 11:18 BronzeKnee wrote:
On August 29 2012 11:15 Enzymatic wrote:
The thing is... Typically the Olympics are associated with "Physical" activity/sports, ie: requiring intensive physical training in order to prepare. eSports doesn't really fit that category.


Take a look at Kimberly Rhodes: http://i.eurosport.com/2012/07/29/868343-14655826-640-360.jpg

Shooting a gun takes about the same physical training as using a mouse and keyboard...

Pretty sure shooting only made it into the Olympics because it is similar to Archery though, which at one time took a lot of strength to draw a bow. Today, bows have pulleys on them and are easier to draw.


Sorry, but basically every olympic event requires much more overall physical activity than SC2 by a long shot, even shooting.
http://www.issf-academy.com/courses/fundamentals-of-pistol.html

Also, the general public will have an overwhelmingly negative view of eSports if cyber athletes are put on the same pedestal as Olympian athletes.


He said it requires intensive physical training... shooting does not. Kimberly Rhobes is probably considered obese by her BMI, if not then just overweight.

She doesn't shoot pistols either, but anyway the "Fundamentals of Pistol" that you linked goes only to show that it is more about hand and body position and breathing than pure strength, agility or fitness. Which is the same with SC2, you need good hand position, good posture, ect... so the evidence you presented in your argument really only strengthens mine...

And that was my whole point, that not all Olympics sports require intensive physical training. To be really great at SC2 you need to have great hands, as well as a great mind. If I knew more about shooting I could make a similar statement.

All that being said, I don't think SC2 should be an Olympic sport (nor should shooting be), but it shouldn't not qualify because it doesn't take enough physical activity if shooting is there.


Can't tell if you're being serious, you've obviously never shot in your life.

As someone who plays both SC2 and shoots at a range, I can tell you that firing a gun is a LOT more strenuous (physically) than playing SC2.
MrMotionPicture
Profile Joined May 2010
United States4327 Posts
August 29 2012 20:53 GMT
#129
No it should not be in the Olympics.
"Elvis Presley" | Ret was looking at my post in the GSL video by Artosis. | MMA told me I look like Juanfran while we shared an elevator with Scarlett
Scurvy
Profile Joined March 2012
United States117 Posts
August 29 2012 21:29 GMT
#130
On August 29 2012 23:17 Rokoz wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 29 2012 12:28 Savant wrote:
Chess would have to get in before esports is even considered.


Pretty much this.

I don't agree with e-Sports making it to olympics, it just doesn't fit there. It's like golf or car racing, some things just don't fit in Olympics.




Golf will be in Rio.
With it or on it.
]343[
Profile Blog Joined May 2008
United States10328 Posts
August 29 2012 21:31 GMT
#131
On August 30 2012 00:03 Sinedd wrote:
because the games that are being played on a pro level change too often


That, and I don't think the Olympics would want to endorse something produced by only one company.

There was already a huge thread on this earlier; why are the same arguments being rehashed over and over... I'll quote what I said there:

On August 08 2012 00:43 ]343[ wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 08 2012 00:14 Dionyseus wrote:
On August 03 2012 07:36 llamasrule1214 wrote:
Eh, while this is a interesting idea, i feel like its kinda disregarding the tradition of the Olympics, physical competition among the best in the world, and E-Sports doesn't really have that feeling. Being a high level swimmer myself, I know from a first-hand POV that the work ethic needed to be even remotely OK at any sport is ridicioulous, both mentally and physcially, one must push themselves, but E-Sports like sc2 doesn't have the physical component. The Olympics, imo, should be a place of the world's physical best only. just my 2 very biased cents.


Maybe there should be a mental olympics with games like Starcraft 2, chess, backgammon, etc.


SC2 and chess are not on the same level at all. People (and more recently, computers) have been studying chess seriously since the late 1800s. SC2 will be just a memory in a hundred years.

Instead, SC2 can probably be in the electronic Olympics... oh wait, there's the WCG. SC2 is already in the WCG. Woo?

The other problem with putting a video game in the Olympics is longevity. WCG, for example, keeps very few of its games between years. SC2 is not even three years old. Even BW... hell, even Tetris is pretty young by sports standards.

What (competitive) video games do you think will honestly last more than 30 years at the highest level? Competitive (1v1) Tetris isn't much older than BW either, and the number of good players is honestly pretty small.

SC2 might last 10 years if it's lucky, and if Blizzard keeps pushing it and supporting it so much. But when Blizzard comes out with SC3, they no longer have any reason to care about SC2 anymore... in fact, if they follow historical precedent, they're probably just going to kill it off.

(Finally, SC2 isn't even as popular as LoL... why would they choose SC2 over LoL?)

Writer
Kal_rA
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
United States2925 Posts
August 29 2012 21:31 GMT
#132
Chess has a better chance. More 'mainstream'/classic.
Jaedong.
Torvaltz
Profile Joined August 2012
United States188 Posts
August 29 2012 22:14 GMT
#133
The Olympics seem to me as the pinnacle of physical competition. Though it does take dexterity and speed to play Starcraft, it requires a lot less physical training and conditioning. It's hard to say that progamers are of godlike stature (except Reach and Nada) so I think that it wouldn't be very olympic.

I also doubt any of the board members would let it happen. The people there seem to hate everything that isn't physical competition.
melee is sick
GizmoPT
Profile Joined May 2010
Portugal3040 Posts
August 29 2012 22:29 GMT
#134
On August 30 2012 07:14 Torvaltz wrote:
The Olympics seem to me as the pinnacle of physical competition. Though it does take dexterity and speed to play Starcraft, it requires a lot less physical training and conditioning. It's hard to say that progamers are of godlike stature (except Reach and Nada) so I think that it wouldn't be very olympic.

I also doubt any of the board members would let it happen. The people there seem to hate everything that isn't physical competition.


what about shooting and archery that are in the olympics ? xp
Snipers Promod & Micro Arena Creator in SC2 Arcade - Portuguese Community Admin for SC2, HotS and Overwatch - Ex-Portugal SC2 Team Manager, Ex- Copenhagen Wolves and Grow uP Gaming Manager in SC2. Just Playing games now!
IMABUNNEH
Profile Joined March 2011
United Kingdom1062 Posts
August 29 2012 23:03 GMT
#135
One of the requirements for an Olympic sport is that nobody should have to rely on one provider of any equipment needed to partake. If a computer game is only made by one company (hint: all the esports), then they're not going to be accepted until the IOC change their rules. Since they can't use Starcraft 2 without Blizzard being the sole provider (eg Battlenet, you really think that's gonna fly at Olympics?, Blizzard being the sole profiteer of the game sales etc), it won't happen.
"I think...now? No rival. Me world champion. Yeah. None rival." - oGsMC
Vapaach
Profile Joined February 2011
Finland994 Posts
August 29 2012 23:19 GMT
#136
I would like to remind everyone that chess isn't balanced either, as white is consistently winning substantially more than black according to chess statistics.
If you never try you never know. Sase - Mana - TLO - WhiteRa - Naniwa - Sheth - HuK
dabom88
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
United States3483 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-29 23:43:14
August 29 2012 23:39 GMT
#137
On August 30 2012 07:29 GizmoPT wrote:
Show nested quote +
On August 30 2012 07:14 Torvaltz wrote:
The Olympics seem to me as the pinnacle of physical competition. Though it does take dexterity and speed to play Starcraft, it requires a lot less physical training and conditioning. It's hard to say that progamers are of godlike stature (except Reach and Nada) so I think that it wouldn't be very olympic.

I also doubt any of the board members would let it happen. The people there seem to hate everything that isn't physical competition.


what about shooting and archery that are in the olympics ? xp

Have you ever shot or done archery? They DO require a lot of physicality.

On August 30 2012 08:19 Vapaach wrote:
I would like to remind everyone that chess isn't balanced either, as white is consistently winning substantially more than black according to chess statistics.


The first turn advantage is negligible enough to be close to one of the most balanced games around.

Go is really balanced as well depending on the Kifu.

Poker is balanced, but Olympics probably aren't interested in games with a big luck element.
You should not have to pay to watch the GSL, Proleague, or OSL at a reasonable time. That is not "fine" and it's BS to say otherwise. My sig since 2011. http://www.youtube.com/user/dabom88
MrTortoise
Profile Joined January 2011
1388 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-08-29 23:50:56
August 29 2012 23:44 GMT
#138
Im not being funny

but the analogy between computer games and sports is *tenuous* at best.

Poker is not a sport ... it is a game.

Sure you can argue against it, but then i can use hyperbole and dismiss your arguments.
Afterall surely having a wank can be considered a sport which means a line needs to be drawn ... most people draw that line at games involving athletics, not games that measure ability much like a typist would with wpm (except esports legends dont type words ... they only get measured on single characters).

When arguing computer games are an esport all you are saying is 'I want to define sport as encompassing more than reasonable people want to' Which is fine, but be honest about why you want to do it.

Go is balanced as well depending on the kifu? wtf how is a game record ever going to be something that determines the balance of the game. You look at balance accross millions of games ... go is considered to be quite strongly favored towards the first move ... I am a bit out of date on komi but i believe it was 4.5 last i checked in an even game (apparently its 6.5).

And as someone who is very passionate about go i have to say it most definatley is NOT a sport despite the fact that i spent many years training at it for several hours a day - every day. It is a highly competative and awesome game that everyone should learn to play imo. The depth of the game is something you still wont comprehend after 10 years playing it - but you will comprehend just how much deeper it is than you ever thought imaginable. Just like many many other games out there. The thing you have to bear in mind about professional go is that these guys are so good that its not just about winning, its about winning so hard that you make the game as close as you possibly can. IE I am so good that I have this game locked up but i'm only going to win by 0.5-2 points - and i know that 30 moves before the end of the game.
peekn
Profile Blog Joined June 2010
United States1152 Posts
August 30 2012 00:01 GMT
#139
It would be neat, but I seriously doubt that any for of eSports will make it into the Olympics. I mean it is one thing to be broadcasted on television but it is a whole other matter to be in the Olympics. Call me a pessimist but I just never see this happening.

I mean chess has never made it in and that has been around for ages. Chess would have gotten in long before any sort of eSport would.
Onlinejaguar
Profile Joined April 2010
Australia2823 Posts
August 30 2012 00:09 GMT
#140
There's already so much SC2 to watch as is. We don't really need it in the Olympics.
Prev 1 5 6 7 8 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
uThermal 2v2 Circuit
14:00
May
uThermal535
IndyStarCraft 199
SteadfastSC116
Liquipedia
WardiTV Invitational
11:00
WardiTV May Group C+B
ComeBackTV 1282
WardiTV1195
Rex174
LiquipediaDiscussion
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
uThermal 535
IndyStarCraft 199
Rex 174
BRAT_OK 137
SteadfastSC 116
goblin 41
MindelVK 28
Vindicta 19
StarCraft: Brood War
Calm 7500
Hyuk 821
Stork 653
Mini 590
Zeus 517
ZerO 419
PianO 196
TY 183
Nal_rA 164
Barracks 158
[ Show more ]
Hyun 86
soO 70
Shinee 50
JYJ41
Backho 30
SilentControl 26
Aegong 25
scan(afreeca) 21
IntoTheRainbow 14
ajuk12(nOOB) 12
Sexy 8
eros_byul 1
GuemChi 0
Dota 2
Gorgc8925
qojqva1905
League of Legends
JimRising 105
Counter-Strike
fl0m3194
flusha401
Super Smash Bros
Mew2King270
Chillindude54
Heroes of the Storm
Khaldor484
Liquid`Hasu452
Other Games
tarik_tv9885
singsing3085
B2W.Neo1572
DeMusliM707
XcaliburYe408
mouzStarbuck285
Hui .274
Fuzer 264
XaKoH 228
ArmadaUGS109
KnowMe88
NarutO 14
Organizations
StarCraft: Brood War
UltimateBattle 2689
Other Games
gamesdonequick1040
EGCTV778
StarCraft 2
ESL.tv114
StarCraft: Brood War
Kim Chul Min (afreeca) 9
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 16 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• StrangeGG 68
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• Michael_bg 5
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• Ler68
League of Legends
• Nemesis3225
• Jankos1481
Other Games
• WagamamaTV282
Upcoming Events
Chat StarLeague
45m
BSL Season 20
2h 45m
MadiNho vs dxtr13
Gypsy vs Dark
Circuito Brasileiro de…
3h 45m
Afreeca Starleague
18h 45m
BeSt vs Light
Wardi Open
19h 45m
Replay Cast
1d 8h
Replay Cast
1d 18h
Afreeca Starleague
1d 18h
Snow vs Soulkey
WardiTV Invitational
1d 19h
PiGosaur Monday
2 days
[ Show More ]
GSL Code S
2 days
ByuN vs Rogue
herO vs Cure
Replay Cast
3 days
GSL Code S
3 days
Classic vs Reynor
GuMiho vs Maru
The PondCast
3 days
RSL Revival
4 days
GSL Code S
4 days
Korean StarCraft League
5 days
RSL Revival
5 days
Online Event
6 days
Clem vs ShoWTimE
herO vs MaxPax
Sparkling Tuna Cup
6 days
WardiTV Invitational
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

BSL Nation Wars Season 2
PiG Sty Festival 6.0
Calamity Stars S2

Ongoing

JPL Season 2
ASL Season 19
YSL S1
BSL 2v2 Season 3
BSL Season 20
China & Korea Top Challenge
KCM Race Survival 2025 Season 2
CSLPRO Spring 2025
2025 GSL S1
Heroes 10 EU
PGL Astana 2025
Asian Champions League '25
ECL Season 49: Europe
BLAST Rivals Spring 2025
MESA Nomadic Masters
CCT Season 2 Global Finals
IEM Melbourne 2025
YaLLa Compass Qatar 2025
PGL Bucharest 2025
BLAST Open Spring 2025
ESL Pro League S21

Upcoming

NPSL S3
CSLPRO Last Chance 2025
CSLAN 2025
Esports World Cup 2025
HSC XXVII
Championship of Russia 2025
Bellum Gens Elite Stara Zagora 2025
2025 GSL S2
DreamHack Dallas 2025
IEM Cologne 2025
FISSURE Playground #1
BLAST.tv Austin Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 7
IEM Dallas 2025
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.