• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 04:55
CEST 10:55
KST 17:55
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
Serral wins EWC 202515Tournament Spotlight: FEL Cracow 20259Power Rank - Esports World Cup 202580RSL Season 1 - Final Week9[ASL19] Finals Recap: Standing Tall15
Community News
[BSL 2025] H2 - Team Wars, Weeklies & SB Ladder2EWC 2025 - Replay Pack2Google Play ASL (Season 20) Announced27BSL Team Wars - Bonyth, Dewalt, Hawk & Sziky teams10Weekly Cups (July 14-20): Final Check-up0
StarCraft 2
General
Serral wins EWC 2025 #1: Maru - Greatest Players of All Time Greatest Players of All Time: 2025 Update Power Rank - Esports World Cup 2025 EWC 2025 - Replay Pack
Tourneys
FEL Cracov 2025 (July 27) - $10,000 live event TaeJa vs Creator Bo7 SC Evo Showmatch Esports World Cup 2025 $25,000 Streamerzone StarCraft Pro Series announced $5,000 WardiTV Summer Championship 2025
Strategy
How did i lose this ZvP, whats the proper response
Custom Maps
External Content
Mutation # 484 Magnetic Pull Mutation #239 Bad Weather Mutation # 483 Kill Bot Wars Mutation # 482 Wheel of Misfortune
Brood War
General
Google Play ASL (Season 20) Announced Shield Battery Server New Patch BW General Discussion [BSL 2025] H2 - Team Wars, Weeklies & SB Ladder BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [BSL20] Non-Korean Championship 4x BSL + 4x China CSL Xiamen International Invitational [CSLPRO] It's CSLAN Season! - Last Chance
Strategy
Does 1 second matter in StarCraft? Simple Questions, Simple Answers Muta micro map competition [G] Mineral Boosting
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Nintendo Switch Thread Total Annihilation Server - TAForever [MMORPG] Tree of Savior (Successor of Ragnarok) Path of Exile
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread Vanilla Mini Mafia
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread UK Politics Mega-thread Stop Killing Games - European Citizens Initiative Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine
Fan Clubs
INnoVation Fan Club SKT1 Classic Fan Club!
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread [\m/] Heavy Metal Thread Movie Discussion! [Manga] One Piece Korean Music Discussion
Sports
2024 - 2025 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 NBA General Discussion
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Gtx660 graphics card replacement Installation of Windows 10 suck at "just a moment" Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
TeamLiquid Team Shirt On Sale The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Ping To Win? Pings And Their…
TrAiDoS
momentary artworks from des…
tankgirl
from making sc maps to makin…
Husyelt
StarCraft improvement
iopq
Socialism Anyone?
GreenHorizons
Eight Anniversary as a TL…
Mizenhauer
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 627 users

[D] Promotion and Demotion

Forum Index > SC2 General
Post a Reply
Normal
Raelcun
Profile Blog Joined March 2008
United States3747 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-04-07 20:40:13
April 07 2010 20:39 GMT
#1
Okay this is a rather touchy subject but I'm coming at this from a different angle than you might expect. When Patch 6 came through and reset the ladder then redid the formula for getting promoted and demoted at first I thought this was a good thing but now I'm actually thinking it's a bad thing. How could this possibly be a bad thing Rael you ask? Well let me explain now hold your horses.

Okay let me start by explaining how it used to be, before the reset and the ladder changes it took a lot more effort to get bumped up a league; for sake of ease I'm going to refer to Gold and Platinum throughout. If you were a gold player in the top 8 and doing very well it was not guaranteed you'd get promoted and it took a lot longer to get that bump up into the higher level. What this did was it made it so that a player who is a candidate for promotion had to play a lot more people on the higher level of play before they got moved up therefore decreasing the chance they'll just get demoted back again. It was annoying trying to get promoted but it seems like once you got promoted you were much better prepared than under the new system.

What happens in the new system is these players are getting bumped up faster so their ELO never gets to the level where they're regularly being matched against an even number of Gold and plat players. When a Gold player is getting into the high ranks of Gold instead of playing against people who are a little worse than them, top level gold and pushing promotion into Platinum and Platinum players; they instead are versed against people who are worse than them and platinum players. So basically whats been happening in my experiences is you play a large volume of people who are gold and not that good basically just ladder points fodder and then you get randomly matched up vs a pretty good Platinum. Basically what this does is you're playing the Gold players and they're not putting up much of a fight and then when you do get put up vs a Platinum they steamroll you because they're using tactics you haven't been playing against thus far in the Ladder, or you've only been going against them in those rare games where it says "Opponent Favored."

So the reason I say this is bad is that you never get a chance to practice for the Platinum level of play the occasional game where they're actually a good Plat player and are using real builds doesn't give you enough practice on how to play against those strategies so that if/when you do get promoted you're going to be completely overwhelmed. Let me make this clear you may know -how- to fight against the tactics of Plat level players but if you have no practice at it you're going to struggle much more heavily so players on the bubble in between can get caught in this sort of no man's land where the occasional games against Plat players keeps them from moving up higher and they're stuck playing against the medium to bad Gold level players for the majority of their games.

I know that the old system was frustrating... first hand, but it seems like it handled it much better as when you were getting close to being promoted you got put up vs a lot of people who were on the same level instead of only against people who are no challenge and players who are clearly a cut above. It gave you practice against the mechanics of the higher level players before you got moved up to that level so that you actually had a chance once you got there.
jtype
Profile Blog Joined April 2009
England2167 Posts
April 07 2010 20:50 GMT
#2
Well, it doesn't seem to be working that well for me currently. I''ve been consistently at the top of various leagues for a while now, but it just wont let me move up.. ):
Adeeler
Profile Blog Joined June 2009
United Kingdom764 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-04-07 20:56:12
April 07 2010 20:50 GMT
#3
So whats your point? Go back to the old system where it was really hard to get a promotion/demotion?

The faster you get grouped to play better players the better. Every league/promotion/demotion system for games works in the way that the new player/team gets promoted and has a hard time in the higher league as expected. If they can survive the season they deserved to be that level of player.

It sounds like you expect to be in the top10 solidly when you got into a higher league just cos you stomped the previous league; thats just not how life works so what is the point i'm missing to this thread?
Perseverance
Profile Joined February 2010
Japan2800 Posts
April 07 2010 22:50 GMT
#4
I've got an account at the top 8 of platinum and another one that's rank 1 in gold. Personally, I think this is hiliarious.
<3 Moonbattles
Ryuu314
Profile Joined October 2009
United States12679 Posts
April 07 2010 22:58 GMT
#5
Personally, I think this is a problem with the AMM more than anything. In my division (gold), there are people who are above me with a losing record and yet have an ELO of like 1200+. While for me I kept getting matches where I was "slightly favored" for like 20 games straight. Some of those players would be silver league scrubs while others of those opponents would actually be top ranked gold players and I didn't even understand how I could be favored against them.

Basically, for some people, they get matched up against good and better players often, allowing for them to actually get decent games. For others, the AMM makes strange matchups with odd favored distinctions so it's impossible to really play against good players consistently.
Alsn
Profile Joined February 2008
Sweden995 Posts
April 07 2010 23:12 GMT
#6
So what's the problem? If you haven't gotten enough practice to compete in platinum, you'll eventually be bumped back down, at which point you claim said person can easily just be bumped up again for his "second try" at platinum.

Given enough tries, assuming the player has the potential to actually stay in plat with enough practice, he will be able to stay?

It's way better than losing to cheese you had never seen before during matchmaking and being stuck in silver with no way to get up except wait.
Machina improba! Vel mihi ede potum vel mihi redde nummos meos!
Jugan
Profile Blog Joined July 2009
United States1566 Posts
April 07 2010 23:26 GMT
#7
On April 08 2010 07:50 Perseverance wrote:
I've got an account at the top 8 of platinum and another one that's rank 1 in gold. Personally, I think this is hiliarious.


Those without beta keys wouldn't agree.

More on topic, I think the real problem lies in how quickly they try to group players. I think they're only doing 5 games as of now because they had to reset beta again, and wanted things to run faster. I myself have been put in gold but I demolish a lot of platinum players easily. However, often it says "teams even" when I'm up against a platinum player, I don't really understand how that works. However, it's not that I'm unhappy about being put into gold, it's just that I don't come across many "skilled" opponents and, like the OP said, I get steamrolled half the time when I do. I honestly don't care about the points, I just want to play people that are on my skill level or better so I can improve.
Even a Savior couldn't fix all problems. www.twitch.tv/xJugan
DoomBacon
Profile Joined February 2010
United States165 Posts
April 07 2010 23:27 GMT
#8
I see no issue since even if you get demoted after getting put in plat you'll be in gold for more practice and then after a little bit be back in plat for try #2 or how ever many it takes. I'm sure a lot of people at some point in their SC2 experience fall in between two leagues skill wise and just bounce back and forth until they are good enough to swing with the higher league.
/boggle
Excalibur_Z
Profile Joined October 2002
United States12235 Posts
April 07 2010 23:34 GMT
#9
I'd like to see some more empirical evidence of promotion and demotion pre- and post-reset before assuming that the algorithm has changed, such as match histories of you and your recent opponents.
Moderator
Chronopolis
Profile Joined April 2009
Canada1484 Posts
April 08 2010 00:01 GMT
#10
@OP I agree that it is hard to play against high league players when you are in a lower league.

On April 08 2010 07:50 Perseverance wrote:
I've got an account at the top 8 of platinum and another one that's rank 1 in gold. Personally, I think this is hiliarious.


First, you are wasting a beta key. You are disobeying a TL commandment. Oh wait, it isn't a TL commandment? IT SHOULD BE!!! And second, I see a lot of people doing this as well, can you stop making posts where the main point is exuberating your ego. This post is to everyone who does that. Come on, stop it. :asy:
Kinky
Profile Blog Joined September 2008
United States4126 Posts
April 08 2010 00:54 GMT
#11
I actually have a friend who was at #1 gold for a few days, and then he got bumped into platinum. He's actually doing pretty well at 1200elo right now.
ahbeez
Profile Joined February 2010
56 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-04-08 01:04:22
April 08 2010 01:03 GMT
#12
I started out in bronze and worked all the way to silver then to gold then to platinum. almost 200 games total played to do this, and after all that i just realized leagues don't matter at all. very early in bronze i was playing vs platinum players, and still am (obviously)

the weird thing is each time i got moved up a league i got more points from a platinum player for a short period of time, when i got moved to silver each plat player would get me 36-40 points, then later on it would be 12-20 points depending on their platinum rank. Then i got bumped up to gold and it i would get 36-40 again, then back to 12-20 when i was top5ish gold. Now im in plat and what do you know, 36-40 points per win...i dont get the points/rating system....

edit: i kind of got off topic, anyway the point is moving up in leagues faster or slower does not matter at all since youre always playing people at your level because of the "hidden rating" or whatever
Ranix
Profile Blog Joined March 2009
United States666 Posts
April 08 2010 01:10 GMT
#13
A lot of things about matchmaking and leagues and what not I do not like. Personally I would just like everyone to start at the same ELO of 1000 in bronze or something and move up and down from there. Also not through matchmaking but by choosing your own games like iCCup...

Kinda of topic I guess but I think the new system allows people to even out more than the older system.
Legends never gg
dudeman001
Profile Blog Joined February 2010
United States2412 Posts
April 08 2010 02:29 GMT
#14
The current system, in my view, both has a working function and a fail function. I'm currently locked at ~1-3 in my gold division and I hope to jump up to platinum sometime soon. However, I get consistently placed against #2, #4 players in platinum leagues. There's just no way I can stand up to many of these people and entire division above me. The matchmaking fails because an entire division difference is a joke. Either you win dramatically or get crushed. I rarely see myself playing people of the same current rank as me.

However, this isn't to say the entire system is flawed. Blizzard describes a division as a group of equally-skilled players. In theory, the #1 and #100 in each division should have a fairly similar level of skill. Therefore, I shouldn't expect myself to be promoted to even the bottom of a platinum league if I can't beat the top of the league. Despite this system, there's somewhat of a problem when your current division is too weak for you, but you can't get promoted because the division you deserve keeps sending its best players against you.

That's just what I've felt during my time with SC2. I don't expect being promoted to be an easy task, but there's a limit to how much a prospective rank-jumper can handle in game.
Sup.
fAker
Profile Joined March 2010
Denmark44 Posts
April 08 2010 02:40 GMT
#15
I kinda agree with Raelcun on the most part, but then again the old system was far from perfect

ps;>
I know this is kinda off topic, but i didnt wanna make a new post about it, and its rank related, or rather match-making related

recently i have been playing a few 2on2random, i really dont get that how they are macthin it..
I so offen see the "teams-even" thing.. and sometimes i look up my ally after and he is in bronze ( im plat) and when i look at the other players they are both in top of gold or somethin like that.. I get the point that as a team we might be "even" but where is the fun in it for him, if he is way behind in "skills" and such...?
gaming never sleeps...
Medzo
Profile Blog Joined June 2009
United States627 Posts
April 08 2010 03:28 GMT
#16
I think the system has a hidden rating that it places you amongst everyone on the server. So when you choose noob, amateur, pro at the start it gives you a set hidden rating and then goes about finding a game with someone who has a hidden rating as close to yours as possible. If you had a hidden rating of 1000 and were searching (im making these numbers up as an example) it would look for someone with a hidden rating of 975 to 1025. Then if it finds no one after a certain period of time it will search for someone with a hidden rating of 925 to 1075 and so on.

When you win or lose a game it will give you points based on your actual rating and your opponents actual rating. It will then also adjust both of your hidden ratings. If the game adjusts your hidden rating higher than your actual rating it will give you a bonus pool so that you reach where it thinks you should actually be at a faster rate.

So at the start of the season you may of been put in the silver league after losing a few games against good players. Then after more players have risen and fallen in hidden rating and you go to play some matches it will match you up with someone around your hidden rating and if the players around your skill level have been playing and gaining rating then you will likely be placed against a lower skilled opponent (or perhaps someone else who has just started out). If you win it will increase your hidden rating exponentially until it figures out where you should be with your hidden rating. Then I assume after a X amount of games or perhaps Y amount of time it will check to see if you do not belong in your league based on your hidden rating.

This theory is all assumption based on what ive seen and how the TFT ladder system works. The system I described is very similar to the TFT system with small improvements to prevent you from abusing the system. My examples and assumptions could be totally wrong.
Alou
Profile Blog Joined March 2010
United States3748 Posts
April 08 2010 04:01 GMT
#17
I somewhat like it when people can change faster. It gives the sense of accomplishment or an easier goal. "Okay lets get bumped up a league," or "Okay lets stay in this league." It keeps people motivated. They might get discouraged never moving around a bunch and always being this rank in this league. :/ I'm fine with a little jumping around as the ladder doesn't really seem that important.
Life is Good.
MeditationError
Profile Blog Joined March 2010
Australia60 Posts
April 08 2010 05:35 GMT
#18
On April 08 2010 10:10 David Mudkips wrote:
A lot of things about matchmaking and leagues and what not I do not like. Personally I would just like everyone to start at the same ELO of 1000 in bronze or something and move up and down from there. Also not through matchmaking but by choosing your own games like iCCup...

Kinda of topic I guess but I think the new system allows people to even out more than the older system.

I'm super-glad that this isn't the case. I'm a silver/gold player, and I don't need to get demolished by platinum players, and I don't need to demolish copper scrubs. Neither game is very fun.

The hidden number seems to work pretty well - almost all of the "I can't rank up" stories seem include something like "I get matched up with and beat a bunch of platinum players". Maybe I should set up a poll about league vs challenge - is the problem that people are getting bad (too easy or too hard) matches, or just that they feel that they should be in platinum?

@perseverence: Do you get noticeably easier matchups on the gold account, or are they basically the same?
Experience is an excellent teacher, but her fees are very high.
fantomex
Profile Joined June 2009
United States313 Posts
April 08 2010 05:43 GMT
#19
Either the system is really bizare or people are lying when you ask what league their in. #1 gold should not get matched with #1 silver and have the match be "even".
Replay or GTFO
Spawkuring
Profile Joined July 2008
United States755 Posts
April 08 2010 05:54 GMT
#20
I think a lot of problems were caused by making players only have 5 placement matches instead of 10. I've heard several cases of players who are bronze/silver level at best but got into gold/platinum just because of a lucky win streak in their placement matches. While I'm sure it evens out over time, I don't think 5 matches is a really good indicator of someone's skill.
Deleted User 61629
Profile Blog Joined March 2010
1664 Posts
April 08 2010 06:07 GMT
#21
--- Nuked ---
Daerthalus
Profile Joined March 2010
Canada73 Posts
April 08 2010 08:01 GMT
#22
I played my 5 games, lost 1, ended up in gold. Played around 10-15 more games, was ranked #1 gold in my division by roughly 50-70 points above #2.

Played maybe 5 games as #1 in gold and was bumped to #7 in plat. I managed to get to #1 in plat (due to the reset), then stopped playing for about 3 days and found myself at #37.

Still unsure if I really should be in Plat or I got in by luck and timing, I kept playing games and dropped to around 40-50th. I've droped to 67th once or twice due to trying something new every single game. IE VR rushing, or Immortal Timing Pushes to practice the strats.

Bottom line, I'm not sure if i should be in Plat, but I assume since my rank has stayed around 40 something, I'm where I should be.

What does this indicate: There is no better way than playing ALOT of games to get placed where you should be.

flikera.alex
Profile Joined March 2010
Bulgaria7 Posts
April 10 2010 18:10 GMT
#23
I'm in similar position as Inori:
I've screwed my placement and got bronze, lucky I got promoted to silver with <20 games... but now I've played ~90 games overall I'm rank 1 for like 5 days ~1450 rating and still no promotion is coming. I'm always playing with platinum opponents and very rarely against top gold.
If you only knew the power of the dark side...
Malince
Profile Joined May 2010
United States1 Post
Last Edited: 2010-05-18 15:40:54
May 18 2010 15:39 GMT
#24
Seems like your all forgetting that all this is happening in launch conditions. It will take time for the system to level everything out and for everyone to get where they are supposed to be. Your not going to magically be placed where you need to be within the ladder without time for blizzards system to sort everyone out. Also...this is still a beta. Things will change, again with time.
FortuneSyn
Profile Blog Joined July 2008
1826 Posts
May 18 2010 15:44 GMT
#25
On April 08 2010 14:54 Spawkuring wrote:
I think a lot of problems were caused by making players only have 5 placement matches instead of 10. I've heard several cases of players who are bronze/silver level at best but got into gold/platinum just because of a lucky win streak in their placement matches. While I'm sure it evens out over time, I don't think 5 matches is a really good indicator of someone's skill.


5 matches is not a good indicator, but neither is 10 in the big scheme of things. I think it's more important to not discourage the player to play those placement matches because there are too many of them. A lot of newbies might be put off by having to play so many placement matches. I think it' fine the way it is. In a week, everyone sort of ends up where they should be.
Sent
Profile Joined April 2010
United States120 Posts
May 18 2010 15:51 GMT
#26
OP has no clue exactly how their system works, yet calls for a change. Makes no sense when you don't know what is "inside the box" at all so to speak.
I got nothing
Kokosaft
Profile Joined April 2010
Germany172 Posts
May 18 2010 15:54 GMT
#27
i went to gold after the last ladder reset and then played 90% of the games against 'opponent favored', the rest were 'even match'. i still needed 40 to 50 games for my promotion with over 60% win rate. so i didnt feel it the way you explained it. (I only had 1 (!!) game since the last reset in which i was favored O.o played over 100 though)
OhDeezy
Profile Joined April 2010
United Kingdom54 Posts
May 18 2010 16:10 GMT
#28
I was placed in bronze where I was rank 1 in my division for about a week, then yesturday after losing a match to a silver player, it promoted me to silver but at a higher rank than the person who just beat me. I don't get it
Jayme
Profile Blog Joined February 2009
United States5866 Posts
May 18 2010 16:18 GMT
#29
I still wonder what on earth is the point of these separate leagues is in the first place.

To me they just look like some arbitrary color to give you some distinction and make the whole ladder process needlessly complicated. Just throw everyone into one league and go off of ELO...it's not that hard
Python is garbage, number 1 advocate of getting rid of it.
Normal
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 1h 5m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
Nina 111
StarCraft: Brood War
Sea 3682
Soma 403
Nal_rA 391
Killer 382
ggaemo 227
EffOrt 155
PianO 131
Leta 90
JulyZerg 86
Aegong 63
[ Show more ]
Backho 55
Sacsri 37
sorry 34
Free 31
GoRush 31
Sharp 31
soO 24
sSak 19
Bale 15
Mind 5
Dota 2
BananaSlamJamma246
XaKoH 188
XcaliburYe186
ODPixel121
League of Legends
JimRising 403
febbydoto11
Counter-Strike
olofmeister1338
Stewie2K760
Super Smash Bros
Westballz123
Other Games
ceh9664
SortOf135
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick1008
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 16 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• Light_VIP 43
• davetesta34
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• iopq 1
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• lizZardDota262
League of Legends
• Stunt1123
• HappyZerGling173
Upcoming Events
Sparkling Tuna Cup
1h 5m
WardiTV European League
7h 5m
PiGosaur Monday
15h 5m
OSC
1d 3h
uThermal 2v2 Circuit
1d 7h
The PondCast
2 days
Online Event
2 days
Korean StarCraft League
3 days
CranKy Ducklings
4 days
Online Event
4 days
[ Show More ]
Sparkling Tuna Cup
5 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

BSL 20 Non-Korean Championship
FEL Cracow 2025
Underdog Cup #2

Ongoing

Copa Latinoamericana 4
Jiahua Invitational
BSL 20 Team Wars
CC Div. A S7
IEM Cologne 2025
FISSURE Playground #1
BLAST.tv Austin Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 7
IEM Dallas 2025
PGL Astana 2025
Asian Champions League '25

Upcoming

BSL 21 Qualifiers
ASL Season 20: Qualifier #1
ASL Season 20: Qualifier #2
ASL Season 20
CSLPRO Chat StarLAN 3
BSL Season 21
RSL Revival: Season 2
Maestros of the Game
SEL Season 2 Championship
WardiTV Summer 2025
uThermal 2v2 Main Event
HCC Europe
ESL Pro League S22
StarSeries Fall 2025
FISSURE Playground #2
BLAST Open Fall 2025
BLAST Open Fall Qual
Esports World Cup 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall Qual
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.