• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 16:53
CEST 22:53
KST 05:53
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
[ASL22] Ro16 Preview: Holy Diver4[ASL22] Ro16 Preview: Rough Waters10[ASL22] Ro24 Preview: Siren's Call8[ASL22] Ro24 Preview: Summer's End9Serral wins HomeStory Cup 2915
Community News
StarCraft open world shooter announced at BlizzCon96Weekly Cups (Aug 30-Sep 7): herO thrives amid growing schism10Official StarCraft website teases new content ahead of BlizzCon?175Stellar Fest TWO the Moon (Dec 16-20)9Weekly Cups (August 24-30): Patches' balance mod takes over3
StarCraft 2
General
StarCraft open world shooter announced at BlizzCon How do you feel about the StarCraft shooter announcement at BlizzCon 2026? Balance hotfix patch 5.0.16b (July 16) Blizzard Classic Cup @ BlizzCon 2026 - $100k prize pool Team Liquid Map Contest #22: Results and Winners
Tourneys
RSL goes to London! 2026 Offline Finals Nov 21-22 RSL Revival: Season 6 - Qualifiers and Main Event SC2 AI Tournament 2026 Fall Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament KSL Week #92
Strategy
[G] Having the right mentality to improve
Custom Maps
Nexus Wars 2021 GUIDE [M] (2) Industrial Park
External Content
Mutation # 543 Enhanced Defenses The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 542 The Ascended Mutation # 541 Binary Choice
Brood War
General
New 3v3 BGH Ladder (and more) on ShieldBattery! Official StarCraft website teases new content ahead of BlizzCon? [D] Brainstorming a balance patch for Brood war Making an Online Broodwar Manager Game [ASL22] Ro16 Preview: Holy Diver
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [ASL22] Ro16 Group C [ASL22] Ro16 Group B [ASL22] Ro16 Group A
Strategy
Replay Review Process - What do you do? Simple Questions, Simple Answers Odyssey Mineral Stack Saturation Game Theory for Starcraft
Other Games
General Games
EVE Corporation Nintendo Switch Thread Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Diablo IV [Maplestory Hardcore] Let's Play~!!
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
[TL LoL EUW IHs] Teemo shall perish
Heroes of the Storm
Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Artificial Intelligence Thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread UK Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine
Fan Clubs
MarineLorD Fan Club The Creator Fan Club The ShoWTimE Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
[Manga] One Piece Movie Discussion! Diablo Animated Series on Netflix
Sports
Football (Soccer) Thread TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 MLB/Baseball 2023
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List Northern Ireland Global Starcraft
Blogs
Virtual Romance, Real-Life C…
TrAiDoS
Regacy Esports:Our Goa…
regacyesports
Dreaming of BW patches (mod…
c3rberUs
LOCKPICKING NOOB
LUCKY_NOOB
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 4570 users

Firefighters let house burn due no fee payment - Page 22

Forum Index > General Forum
Post a Reply
Prev 1 20 21 22 23 24 37 Next All
starcraft911
Profile Blog Joined July 2008
Korea (South)1263 Posts
October 05 2010 19:19 GMT
#421
this happened near where i live. the people were outside the city limits and they knew ahead of time what it meant to not pay the fee. When I bought my house "out in the sticks" i had to pay the same fee that the opted out of.
Zzoram
Profile Joined February 2008
Canada7115 Posts
October 05 2010 19:25 GMT
#422
The moral of the story is that people should actually show up to elections and vote for the candidates that support social public services (Democrats) instead of the guys who want to cut these services (Republican). Too bad rural areas that are affected by this continue to only vote Republican because anti-government sentiment runs strong and deep in rural areas.

Firefighters can only act within the bounds set by their politician bosses.
Rasva_Pallo
Profile Joined September 2010
Finland126 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-10-05 19:27:06
October 05 2010 19:25 GMT
#423
Ethics don't factor into this kind of system; an ethical system is a bankrupt system that can't put out any fires.

First of all I don't have full understanding what ethics mean, but I think the system is ethical and the firefighters not putting out the fire (as long as there was no1 in the building) was morally right because it kept the system working in future.

All this over $75, it's disgusting.
It was all over to protect the houseowners who paid the $75. I think it's not disgusting it was simply best way to keep the fire department running and that way protect the people who PAY to run the fire department, which protects their homes.

In short I think this system works.
1) There are people who run fire department I bet they don't get huge paychecks for risking their lives. *cheers for them
2)People pay small fee in advance so they and every1 else who pay it can get the service when they need it.

This kinda system DOES not work if there is freeloaders, that's why goverments have to take loans and raise taxes to run their system because there's too many freeloaders.

Yeah the firefighters just stood there, so? When I see someone in need of help and I can help him I usually do so, but not if it means that lot of other people who need the same help and have done something to get the help don't get it.

sry for bad english
Whatever, go to ---> wesnoth.org
stroggos
Profile Joined February 2009
New Zealand1543 Posts
October 05 2010 19:27 GMT
#424
wow the nobility of firefighting has just gone down a notch, well at least in this case. This sickens me that a society could function this way.
hi
cz
Profile Blog Joined August 2007
United States3249 Posts
October 05 2010 19:29 GMT
#425
On October 06 2010 04:27 stroggos wrote:
wow the nobility of firefighting has just gone down a notch, well at least in this case. This sickens me that a society could function this way.


The funny thing is that this guy, as a rural American resident, almost certainly voted for people who support this kind of system (Republicans).
xM(Z
Profile Joined November 2006
Romania5299 Posts
October 05 2010 19:30 GMT
#426
firefighters as humans should have put out the fire.
firefighters as employees should not have put out the fire.
when should one take precedent over the other?.
IMO, "money" should never win in a fight vs "morals". it just deters human evolution in the end.
its common sense.
And my fury stands ready. I bring all your plans to nought. My bleak heart beats steady. 'Tis you whom I have sought.
Dagobert
Profile Blog Joined July 2009
Netherlands1858 Posts
October 05 2010 19:30 GMT
#427
Yup yup, that's what you get for thinking a "free market" of private companies was an awesome thing to have. Hahahaha.
Zzoram
Profile Joined February 2008
Canada7115 Posts
October 05 2010 19:33 GMT
#428
It has nothing to do with the firefighters and everything to do with politicians. We need to beef up civics courses in high school because this thread suggests that most people have no idea how laws and governments work.
T.O.P. *
Profile Blog Joined January 2009
Hong Kong4685 Posts
October 05 2010 19:34 GMT
#429
On October 06 2010 04:25 Zzoram wrote:
The moral of the story is that people should actually show up to elections and vote for the candidates that support social public services (Democrats) instead of the guys who want to cut these services (Republican). Too bad rural areas that are affected by this continue to only vote Republican because anti-government sentiment runs strong and deep in rural areas.

Firefighters can only act within the bounds set by their politician bosses.

It costs money to provide those services. I don't want to pay for a service that I don't need.
Oracle comes in, Scvs go down, never a miscommunication.
KillyKyll
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
United States267 Posts
October 05 2010 19:35 GMT
#430
On October 06 2010 03:39 cz wrote:
Show nested quote +
On October 06 2010 03:37 Killykill wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:07 rackdude wrote:
People keep on talking about how the firefighters were "douches" or whatever word you want to put there, but what about the guy who didn't pay? He's like the guy who always shows up to your parties, eats your food, and never hosts anything himself. That's just as "douche" and there has to be a way to be like "dude, you cannot do that". It can be harsh, and yes this is a little too harsh, but it's not like he's innocent. He tried to cheat and got caught. Hacker just lost his account.


True, this guy, like the party moocher, is a douche.

But if you're an EMT (I am) and some guy I know is a douche has a bullet in his leg, I'm going to help and face the consequences later. The guy deserved to be fined, at least, but to just let his house burn down is a little over the top.


He didn't have a bullet in his leg, thus your analogy is irrelevant to this discussion. There is a greater economic problem with helping this guy who chose not to pay: it sets a precedent that will lead to decreased revenues and thus worse service overall for everyone.


What if he was fined 300$ or more afterwards? They were there anyway, so it wouldn't hurt the overall system.
Seriously?
NIJ
Profile Joined March 2010
1012 Posts
October 05 2010 19:35 GMT
#431
On October 06 2010 04:29 cz wrote:
Show nested quote +
On October 06 2010 04:27 stroggos wrote:
wow the nobility of firefighting has just gone down a notch, well at least in this case. This sickens me that a society could function this way.


The funny thing is that this guy, as a rural American resident, almost certainly voted for people who support this kind of system (Republicans).


he didn't want to pay $75 to the city to cover his house from burning down. I'm pretty sure he's a republican.
Act of thinking logically cannot possibly be natural to the human mind. If it were, then mathematics would be everybody's easiest course at school and our species would not have taken several millennia to figure out the scientific method -NDT
starcraft911
Profile Blog Joined July 2008
Korea (South)1263 Posts
October 05 2010 19:36 GMT
#432
On October 06 2010 04:29 cz wrote:
Show nested quote +
On October 06 2010 04:27 stroggos wrote:
wow the nobility of firefighting has just gone down a notch, well at least in this case. This sickens me that a society could function this way.


The funny thing is that this guy, as a rural American resident, almost certainly voted for people who support this kind of system (Republicans).


clearly he's a democrat because he was too stupid to pay the $75 bucks and was waiting for some welfare to pay for it for him.

all jokes aside, who cares about the political implications. Pay the fee if u want the service. Not that tough.
matjlav
Profile Blog Joined December 2009
Germany2435 Posts
October 05 2010 19:38 GMT
#433
On October 06 2010 04:35 Killykill wrote:
Show nested quote +
On October 06 2010 03:39 cz wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:37 Killykill wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:07 rackdude wrote:
People keep on talking about how the firefighters were "douches" or whatever word you want to put there, but what about the guy who didn't pay? He's like the guy who always shows up to your parties, eats your food, and never hosts anything himself. That's just as "douche" and there has to be a way to be like "dude, you cannot do that". It can be harsh, and yes this is a little too harsh, but it's not like he's innocent. He tried to cheat and got caught. Hacker just lost his account.


True, this guy, like the party moocher, is a douche.

But if you're an EMT (I am) and some guy I know is a douche has a bullet in his leg, I'm going to help and face the consequences later. The guy deserved to be fined, at least, but to just let his house burn down is a little over the top.


He didn't have a bullet in his leg, thus your analogy is irrelevant to this discussion. There is a greater economic problem with helping this guy who chose not to pay: it sets a precedent that will lead to decreased revenues and thus worse service overall for everyone.


What if he was fined 300$ or more afterwards? They were there anyway, so it wouldn't hurt the overall system.


It would probably have to be more. People aren't going to pay $75 for an extremely small chance to save $300. You would have to make the fee quite high to get people to still pay the annual fee.

I would say to get rid of the "fee" system altogether. It just doesn't work.
cz
Profile Blog Joined August 2007
United States3249 Posts
October 05 2010 19:38 GMT
#434
On October 06 2010 04:35 Killykill wrote:
Show nested quote +
On October 06 2010 03:39 cz wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:37 Killykill wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:07 rackdude wrote:
People keep on talking about how the firefighters were "douches" or whatever word you want to put there, but what about the guy who didn't pay? He's like the guy who always shows up to your parties, eats your food, and never hosts anything himself. That's just as "douche" and there has to be a way to be like "dude, you cannot do that". It can be harsh, and yes this is a little too harsh, but it's not like he's innocent. He tried to cheat and got caught. Hacker just lost his account.


True, this guy, like the party moocher, is a douche.

But if you're an EMT (I am) and some guy I know is a douche has a bullet in his leg, I'm going to help and face the consequences later. The guy deserved to be fined, at least, but to just let his house burn down is a little over the top.


He didn't have a bullet in his leg, thus your analogy is irrelevant to this discussion. There is a greater economic problem with helping this guy who chose not to pay: it sets a precedent that will lead to decreased revenues and thus worse service overall for everyone.


What if he was fined 300$ or more afterwards? They were there anyway, so it wouldn't hurt the overall system.


That would be a system change, which is a different discussion. They couldn't strike a deal while there as it would be legally murky and would open up the firefighters to lawsuit.
Zzoram
Profile Joined February 2008
Canada7115 Posts
October 05 2010 19:39 GMT
#435
On October 06 2010 04:30 xM(Z wrote:
firefighters as humans should have put out the fire.
firefighters as employees should not have put out the fire.
when should one take precedent over the other?.
IMO, "money" should never win in a fight vs "morals". it just deters human evolution in the end.
its common sense.


So many forum warriors live in fantasy land. You can't just break the law as you see fit. Change has to happen through elected officials proposing legislation, then survive judiciary review. As a society we have to abide by our laws. If you don't like them, vote for someone who will change them.
xarthaz
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
1704 Posts
Last Edited: 2010-10-05 19:45:08
October 05 2010 19:39 GMT
#436
On October 06 2010 03:54 Wire wrote:
Show nested quote +
On October 06 2010 03:50 cz wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:49 diehilde wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:43 cz wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:41 diehilde wrote:
its pretty interesting to see how vastly the moral principles differ between US and EU people in threads like these ^^


That's because Europeans work within a system where taxes pay for firefighters. The system in the article, at least for the person's house who burned down, is pay-for-service directly. Thus people judging the system have to take into account the economic viability of running a fireservice in which you put out fires which haven't been paid for, while Europeans ignorantly call the firefighters douches/assholes/whatever because they don't realize its a pay-for-service system.

I have realized that its a pay for service system, still its pretty unthinkable for the average european to be like "he didnt pay, his house can burn!" Same goes for shit like "he didnt pay, give him no treatment for his disease!". We realize the concept of paying for a service. But luckily we also realize some concepts of humanism arent all that bad.


This has nothing to do with disease. This is about fire.

The question of whether or not to put out the fire has to do with the economic viability of running a fire service in which you're willing to put out fires for no payment (or for less than normal payment). It just won't work. Maybe Europeans don't understand the basics of running profitable businesses? I don't know.


If you're talking about economic viability charging a 500-1000% premium on the fee that you can pay when your house is ACTUALLY burning sounds pretty economically sound to me.

Your demand for this service too elastic when your house isn't in danger? I'll charge a shit ton more when it becomes inelastic because your house is burning to the ground.

That aside, it's very inhumane to just sit there and watch someone's home burn to the ground. Above is obviously a reasonable choice to act out of financial benefit instincts. Here I'm suggesting being a good social human being and helping another person in need.

He was willing to pay whatever amount for the fire to be put out. There's no excuse for the firefighters to have acted this way
A good Dose of mises will do here.



What produces a man's profit in the course of affairs within an unhampered market society is not his fellow citizen's plight and distress but the fact that he alleviates or entirely removes what causes his fellow citizen's feeling of uneasiness. What hurts the sick is the plague, not the physician who treats the disease. The doctor's gain is not an outcome of the epidemics but of the aid he gives to those affected. The ultimate source of profits is always the foresight of future conditions. Those who succeeded better than others in anticipating future events and in adjusting their activities to the future state of the market reap profits because they are in a position to satisfy the most urgent needs of the public. The profits of those who have produced goods and services for which the buyers scramble are not the source of the losses of those who have brought to the market commodities in the purchase of which the public is not prepared to pay the full amount of production costs expended. These losses are caused by the lack of insight displayed in anticipating the future demand of the consumers.
On October 06 2010 03:59 diehilde wrote:
Show nested quote +
On October 06 2010 03:50 cz wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:49 diehilde wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:43 cz wrote:
On October 06 2010 03:41 diehilde wrote:
its pretty interesting to see how vastly the moral principles differ between US and EU people in threads like these ^^


That's because Europeans work within a system where taxes pay for firefighters. The system in the article, at least for the person's house who burned down, is pay-for-service directly. Thus people judging the system have to take into account the economic viability of running a fireservice in which you put out fires which haven't been paid for, while Europeans ignorantly call the firefighters douches/assholes/whatever because they don't realize its a pay-for-service system.

I have realized that its a pay for service system, still its pretty unthinkable for the average european to be like "he didnt pay, his house can burn!" Same goes for shit like "he didnt pay, give him no treatment for his disease!". We realize the concept of paying for a service. But luckily we also realize some concepts of humanism arent all that bad.


This has nothing to do with disease. This is about fire.

The question of whether or not to put out the fire has to do with the economic viability of running a fire service in which you're willing to put out fires for no payment (or for less than normal payment). It just won't work. Maybe Europeans don't understand the basics of running profitable businesses? I don't know.

Economic viability? Of running a fire service? You kidding me? Maybe you should factor in the ethic viability for once. On a sidenote, there are arguments in economics that would surely support putting out the fire, same as for paying unemployed ppl a monthly sum. It keeps ppl potent on the market. Letting ten thousands of $ burn to the ground and essentially ruining a family doesnt sound economically viable to me if you look at it from a broader perspective. And thats not even talking about the ethic viability of such practice.

Wow... YOU come talk about ethics? Free market Libertarianism has the ethical high ground, ALWAYS.

“The issue is not whether public schools are good or bad, but rather whether I am allowed to disagree with you without getting shot.”

Most political debates really are that simple. People don’t get into violent debates about which restaurant is best because the state doesn’t impose one restaurant on everyone – and shoot those trying to set up competing restaurants. The truth is that I couldn’t care less about this woman’s views on education – just as she couldn’t care less about my views – but we are forced to debate because we are not allowed to hold opposing views without one of us getting shot. That was the essence of our debate, and as long as it remained unacknowledged, we weren’t going to get anywhere.
Aah thats the stuff..
mahnini
Profile Blog Joined October 2005
United States6862 Posts
October 05 2010 19:39 GMT
#437
why are people trying to make this capitalism vs socialism? the fire dept is a publicly funded and owned operation. you don't see the fucking european union providing universal healthcare to US citizens. why? BECAUSE WE DONT PAY YOUR TAXES.
the world's a playground. you know that when you're a kid, but somewhere along the way everyone forgets it.
Zzoram
Profile Joined February 2008
Canada7115 Posts
October 05 2010 19:43 GMT
#438
I don't think anyone thinks optional firefighting service is a good idea but that is the system. Remember the people affected voted for the guys who cut firefighting out of the rural county tax, forcing the residents to buy coverage from nearby cities if they want to opt in. They chose this system when they chose the small government politicians.
CurLy[]
Profile Joined August 2010
United States759 Posts
October 05 2010 19:48 GMT
#439
Fucked up but thats why you follow the rules
Great pasta mom, very Korean. Even my crown leans to the side. Gangsta. --------->
NukeTheBunnys
Profile Joined July 2010
United States1004 Posts
October 05 2010 19:49 GMT
#440
On October 06 2010 04:06 {CC}StealthBlue wrote:
So the city has decided to expand the subscription service to other towns, also it would cost an extra 13 cents of property tax in order to fund the Fire Department

http://troy.troytn.com/Obion County Fire Department Presentation Presented to the County Commission.pdf



I actually read this and it is a propsial to create a county wide fire department that would have made this a non issue. It is dated from 2008, and so clearly was not accepted because if it was accepted he would have had the fire put out. It would have cost an additional $0.13 per person in the county to enact this plan, or an additional $116 per house hold outside the municipal areas(two separate funding plans, and there were several more). Clearly neither of these plans passed. So what this amounts to is that the county decided that it did not to increase the fire protection for these costs.

It had some interesting information in there, such as Rural calls account for 75% of the calls that the fire departments in the county are responding too. They charge a fee for the response, rural or otherwise, but have no legal way of collecting this fee from the rural property owners, and end up collecting it less then 50% of the time.

In response some of the county fire departments refuse to respond to calls from rural areas that do not have the subscription, the South Fulton F.D. is one of the two that refuse. A third may or may not respond with out the subscription.
When you play the game of drones you win or you die.
Prev 1 20 21 22 23 24 37 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 13h 7m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
SteadfastSC 161
StarCraft: Brood War
Calm 2949
Mini 231
Soulkey 85
HiyA 63
firebathero 35
910 33
soO 33
Trap 29
Dota 2
monkeys_forever227
NeuroSwarm16
League of Legends
JimRising 516
Counter-Strike
fl0m1127
Fnx 670
Heroes of the Storm
Liquid`Hasu577
Other Games
FrodaN1174
Beastyqt713
RotterdaM668
mouzStarbuck532
XaKoH 469
shahzam416
Pyrionflax231
KnowMe184
UpATreeSC84
Railgan9
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick2124
[ Show 15 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• Migwel
StarCraft: Brood War
• HerbMon 45
• blackmanpl 27
• Eskiya23 18
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• masondota21761
League of Legends
• TFBlade1009
Other Games
• imaqtpie910
• Shiphtur172
Upcoming Events
Afreeca Starleague
13h 7m
Snow vs Shinee
Shine vs EffOrt
GSL
14h 7m
PiGosaur Cup
1d 3h
The PondCast
1d 13h
Kung Fu Cup
1d 14h
Replay Cast
2 days
KCM Race Survival
2 days
IntoTheTV X SOOP
2 days
Replay Cast
3 days
IntoTheTV X SOOP
3 days
[ Show More ]
Replay Cast
4 days
GSL
4 days
Replay Cast
5 days
GSL
5 days
Shopify Rebellion Sundays
5 days
Spirit vs Mixu
Replay Cast
6 days
WardiTV Weekly
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Blizzard Classic Cup 2026
Blizzard Classic Cup 2026
Big Dog Cup 2026 Div 1

Ongoing

KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 3
K-JUNGMAN
ASL Season 22
Super Anchor Qualifying S3
CSL 2026 AUTUMN (S22)
Acropolis #5
Calamity Invitational
FISSURE Playground #3
BLAST Open Fall 2026
Esports World Cup 2026
BLAST Bounty Summer 2026
BLAST Bounty Summer Qual
Stake Ranked Episode 3
XSE Pro League 2026

Upcoming

Acropolis #5 - GSA
Acropolis #5 - GSB
Acropolis #5 - GSC
SC4ALL II: Brood War
HSC XXX
Stellar Fest 2: Lunar Cup
SC4ALL II: StarCraft II
Kung Fu Cup 2026 Grand Finals
RSL Offline Finals
Copium Cup
PGL Major Singapore 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 6
BLAST Rivals Fall 2026
IEM Beijing 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 5
PGL Masters Bucharest 2026
1win Private Club #2
Thunderpick World Champ. '26
ESL Pro League Season 24
Stake Ranked Episode 4
1win Private Club #1
Logitech G Play Connect 2026
SL StarSeries Fall 2026
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.