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On November 30 2010 08:41 VIB wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 07:45 mikado wrote: It is observed in many species of animals other than Humans.
Sexuality is not a chosen preference. Now that I think about it. Could anyone give one example of homosexuality on other animals that is exclusively homosexual and not bisexual? I mean, if you raise two male dogs together they will inevitably hump each other. But if after years of humping each other you introduce a female, they will hump the female as well. I don't remember seeing or hearing about any animal that will specifically only hump males and not females. Which makes me believe that it's indeed a chosen preference due to human social interactions which are not present on other animals. Or am I wrong?
Yes you are wrong.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070929090349/http://www.365gay.com/newscon05/02/021105penguins.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexual_behavior_in_animals
Sexuality is certainly innate, whether genetic or due to say, conditions in the womb, and not a choice. Let's remember that a gene may perform multiple functions, and that multiple genes may influence the same things. That being said, then homosexuality might be a random but inevitable convergence of healthy genes.
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There are effectively 3 explanations based on observed phenomenon. The OP is correct in saying their is a genetic drive for homosexuality accounted for in those theories. I will discuss the 2 with the most support.
1) Heterozygous character offers an evolutionary advantage. Like sickle cell trait in malaria-endemic areas of Africa and the Mediterranean, or iron retention (Feochromotosis heterozygotes) in Scandanavia, the cluster of genetic factors involved in homosexuality may offer some evolutionary advantage with regards to heterozygotes. Homosexuality is a byproduct of homozygotes for this reason and an acceptable evolutionary cost to confer advantage to a larger population. This is reasonable but the evidence is less clear.
2) The trait, while reproductively harmful to the individual, provides a greater advantage to the community, and so is evolutionarily favored. The benefits must always outweigh the costs to be evolutionarily supported. As evidenced by the observations of homosexuality in sheep, in particular, the prevalence of homosexual males within a herd is associated with greater reproductive success than those without homosexual males present or with an overabundance.
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On November 30 2010 08:42 night terrors wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 08:36 Half wrote:On November 30 2010 08:33 night terrors wrote:On November 30 2010 08:31 Half wrote:On November 30 2010 08:28 night terrors wrote:On November 30 2010 08:27 Half wrote:On November 30 2010 08:25 night terrors wrote:On November 30 2010 07:45 mikado wrote:
As with every physical and psychological behavior, the answer to the question must lie in genetics which directly or indirectly may influence evolutionary patterns
You made me cringe when you said religious thought had no place in the sceintific mind. Philosophy of Religion and Cosmology are particularly intertwined with religion. Thats not even considering non-christian/catholic religions, which I asume are on the base of your argument. Then you completely lost me on that quote. There is no way I can see you can even come close to support such an arguement. Nice strawman bro. He never said that. He said religious thought had no place in a discussion about the scientific rational behind an occurrence. Perhaps you're right religion is what drove men to understand the movement of the Stars, but that doesn't change the fact that the movement of the stars is not governed by religios dogma. You're wrong to asume that religion can only be religious dogma. Cosmology and Philosophy of Religion, quite current areas of study, are heavily intertwined by religion, and no, not their dogmas. Why are you purposely misinterpreting my arguments? Unless you're arguing that the mathematics that predict the movement of the planets can be directly determined through religious text or logic If you are, I'd love to hear that one lol. How does what I said relate to the example you've mentioned? You do realize that Cosmology is not exclusively physics or mathematics? Its a really diverse area of study in which religion sometimes plays a large role in the direction studies take. You do realize you can't read? He said religious thought had no place in a discussion about the scientific rational behind an occurrence. This discussion is purposely framed around questions that can be answered, provided enough information, through the deductive scientific method, its cosmological equivalent being the hard math and observed phenomenon. I contend that exactly what you've quoted of him saying is inadequate. He is saying that it has no place. Im saying that is not so. Religion often has part in this area precisely because the human beings behind that are not machines which execute hard math and are capable of some sort of objecive analysis of the "observed phenomenom". You will find that many times religion has a part in these discussions. Im not saying that this discussion should be headed by religion. Im saying that that statement and a few others along his post make me cringe.
Stop being thick ~_~, I get the feeling you understand what I'm saying, but keep on dodging it through long winded and irrelevant explanations.
If you can't quantify it down to observed behavior or evidence, then it isn't what the OP intended in this thread. Religion may play a part in science when it comes down to classifying or making judgments or developing precepts. It does not however, play a part in confirming or disproving theory empirically, which is what this thread is based around.
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On November 30 2010 08:34 _Darwin_ wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 08:28 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:20 Dont Panic wrote:Well if you want to have a scientific discussion you are going to need to provide proof for your assumptions. Especially this "As with every physical and psychological behavior, the answer to the question must lie in genetics or this Sexuality is not a chosen preference. I've done papers on this for university but it's not going to be worth my time just judging from how this thread has gone so far. "There is no evidence to suggest that the sexuality of the majority of people, homosexual or heterosexual, is a result of a conscious choice on their part. Despite the frequently heard popular assertations that homosexuality is a choice" De Witt, Karen. "Quayle Contends Homosexuality Is a Matter of Choice, Not Biology." The New York Times. Monday, September 14 , 1992, p. A17. LOL you just quoted an ABC anchor zzz... must have been peer reviewed atleast 1000 times. "To say that genetic differences are relevant to hetero- and homosexuality is not, however, to say that there are "genes for homosexuality" or even that there is a "genetic tendency to homosexuality." - Richard Lewontin 11/2/1995 LOL @ quoting 15 year old studies.
Anyways back to the OP, the best explanation I have read revolves around the idea that particular fertility genes found in the X chromosome may cause homosexuality in men and increased fertility in women. Hence homosexuals aren't bred out of existence.
But as far as I can tell it is still an areas in which we only have best guesses and no widely agreed upon, established theories.
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On November 30 2010 07:45 mikado wrote:
As with every psychological behavior, the answer to the question must lie in genetics
No.
You just made your whole OP a joke with that sentence. Not only psychologists but also psychiatrists would call that bullcrap. It saddens me to see medical students who think like this - they're too many. You've made genetics your religion because it's easy. Open your eyes, start asking questions.
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Why does there have to be evolutionary drive behind the trait? Can it not be due only to natural variation? Harmful genetic mutations and maladaptive behavior are not uncommon.
Note: I am NOT saying homosexuality is a disease and that there is anything wrong with it. I mean harmful only in the evolutionary sense of reproduction and the passing of traits because obviously homosexuality prevents reproduction.
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Homosexuality is like, you sit comfy one day in your fouton, pondering. You nod your head to the left and think about women. You nod your head to the right and think about men.
You brain tosses a mental coin, and bam. there you have it. cornhole it is
p.s. pronouncing the word fouton does not help one's cause
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On November 30 2010 08:44 _Darwin_ wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 08:41 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:34 _Darwin_ wrote:On November 30 2010 08:28 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:20 Dont Panic wrote:Well if you want to have a scientific discussion you are going to need to provide proof for your assumptions. Especially this "As with every physical and psychological behavior, the answer to the question must lie in genetics or this Sexuality is not a chosen preference. I've done papers on this for university but it's not going to be worth my time just judging from how this thread has gone so far. "There is no evidence to suggest that the sexuality of the majority of people, homosexual or heterosexual, is a result of a conscious choice on their part. Despite the frequently heard popular assertations that homosexuality is a choice" De Witt, Karen. "Quayle Contends Homosexuality Is a Matter of Choice, Not Biology." The New York Times. Monday, September 14 , 1992, p. A17. LOL you just quoted an ABC anchor zzz... must have been peer reviewed atleast 1000 times. "To say that genetic differences are relevant to hetero- and homosexuality is not, however, to say that there are "genes for homosexuality" or even that there is a "genetic tendency to homosexuality." - Richard Lewontin 11/2/1995 Quick to quote the unedited version of the post there, but nevertheless there is no such evidence; within that article several studies are also cited. Your choice of quotee, Richard Lewontin also said; The psychic and physical characteristics of human beings, and the differences between individuals, are the consequence of an interaction between the genes that are present in the fertilized egg and the sequence of environmental circumstances that the developing organism experiences during its life cycle.There are, morever, random events in cell growth and differentiation that are neither genetic nor environmental in the usual sense, and which play an extremely important part in development, especially in behavioral traits.He is an evolutionary biologist. Right- I've read many Lewontin/Gould books and dozens of articles. That quotation affirms my conclusion. Let me know if you need me to bold some parts and stuff.
So you ignore the first half and accept the second. How can you distinguish which part 'homosexuality' falls into; the random or genetically influenced? Even Lewontin can't and admits it so in his books, I suppose you would know. And recent studies have affirmed that most of the random events produced in the blastocyst or the foetal stages of development are in correlation with activation/deactivation/variation of portions of the so called junk-DNA sequences.
Without going into what these specific random events are, both points he makes in the quote affirm that it's a biomolecular interaction that results in this phenomenon and it's not a conscience choice. Moreover, this phenomenon is widely seen in other animals, developments of which work in different ways.
Lewontin strongly opposes genetic determinism anyway, attacking whole scientific fields like evolutionary psychology and sociobiology in the process.
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On November 30 2010 08:42 L wrote: The evolutionary drive towards homosexuality is incredibly clear on a genetic level. Past looking statistics show that for the majority of human life, 80% of women pass on their genes, whereas only 40% of men pass on theirs. The resulting glut of young, socially constrained males normally leads to increases in intra-species violence and fighting as a result. Subsequently, forces which reduce and pacify lower level males become a net benefit at the group level as members of the society are removed from the competition to become sexually successful, much like menopause does.
Grandmother effect, in essence. that or you have no idea wtf your talking about.
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Just because it occurs in nature doesn't mean it is evolutionarily optimal. Evolution cares about one thing and one thing only, reproduction. If a trait does not result in some form of reproductive benefits, either directly or indirectly, then it is not favored by evolution, period. Homosexuality in the strict sense results in no offspring, which is the absolute best way to be removed from the gene pool.
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On November 30 2010 08:50 Sleight wrote: 2) The trait, while reproductively harmful to the individual, provides a greater advantage to the community, and so is evolutionarily favored. The benefits must always outweigh the costs to be evolutionarily supported. As evidenced by the observations of homosexuality in sheep, in particular, the prevalence of homosexual males within a herd is associated with greater reproductive success than those without homosexual males present or with an overabundance. I am a believer of this. Homosexuality needn't conflict with the evolutionary drive of reproduction since, as we've seen in present society, homosexuals, although they cannot reproduce with each other, still have a great drive to reproduce. It's not really at all paradoxical, especially when you consider that it's typically the traits that are favored for the species rather than the individual which are evolutionary favored, and that traits do not necessarily need to be beneficial to be passed along to future generations, just as long as they are not detrimental.
I'm also a fan of the prenatal hormone theory.
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On November 30 2010 08:57 Enervate wrote: Why does there have to be evolutionary drive behind the trait? Can it not be due only to natural variation? Harmful genetic mutations and maladaptive behavior are not uncommon.
Note: I am NOT saying homosexuality is a disease and that there is anything wrong with it. I mean harmful only in the evolutionary sense of reproduction and the passing of traits because obviously homosexuality prevents reproduction.
Taking you at face value, one would expect a merely maladaptive trait, especially one that stops you from procreating, would quickly be bred out as unfit. Homosexuality has survived among various species, and therefore there must be some valuable result, either to the species as a whole, or to individuals in other ways. Like how one post pointed to homosexuality being akin to sickle cell, and another post suggested that in women, the gene that causes homosexuality makes women procreate more.
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On November 30 2010 09:00 mikado wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 08:44 _Darwin_ wrote:On November 30 2010 08:41 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:34 _Darwin_ wrote:On November 30 2010 08:28 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:20 Dont Panic wrote:Well if you want to have a scientific discussion you are going to need to provide proof for your assumptions. Especially this "As with every physical and psychological behavior, the answer to the question must lie in genetics or this Sexuality is not a chosen preference. I've done papers on this for university but it's not going to be worth my time just judging from how this thread has gone so far. "There is no evidence to suggest that the sexuality of the majority of people, homosexual or heterosexual, is a result of a conscious choice on their part. Despite the frequently heard popular assertations that homosexuality is a choice" De Witt, Karen. "Quayle Contends Homosexuality Is a Matter of Choice, Not Biology." The New York Times. Monday, September 14 , 1992, p. A17. LOL you just quoted an ABC anchor zzz... must have been peer reviewed atleast 1000 times. "To say that genetic differences are relevant to hetero- and homosexuality is not, however, to say that there are "genes for homosexuality" or even that there is a "genetic tendency to homosexuality." - Richard Lewontin 11/2/1995 Quick to quote the unedited version of the post there, but nevertheless there is no such evidence; within that article several studies are also cited. Your choice of quotee, Richard Lewontin also said; The psychic and physical characteristics of human beings, and the differences between individuals, are the consequence of an interaction between the genes that are present in the fertilized egg and the sequence of environmental circumstances that the developing organism experiences during its life cycle.There are, morever, random events in cell growth and differentiation that are neither genetic nor environmental in the usual sense, and which play an extremely important part in development, especially in behavioral traits.He is an evolutionary biologist. Right- I've read many Lewontin/Gould books and dozens of articles. That quotation affirms my conclusion. Let me know if you need me to bold some parts and stuff. So you ignore the first half and accept the second. How can you distinguish which part 'homosexuality' falls into; the random or genetically influenced? Even Lewontin can't and admits it so in his books, I suppose you would know. Without going into what these specific random events are, both points he makes in the quote affirm that it's a biomolecular interaction that results in this phenomenon and it's not a conscience choice. Moreover, this phenomenon is widely seen in other animals, developments of which work in different ways. Lewontin strongly opposes genetic determinism anyway, attacking whole scientific fields like evolutionary psychology and sociobiology in the process.
Right, I was arguing that homosexuality is not necessarily genetic, as you said it MUST be in the op. I wasn't stating that it's a "choice."
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On November 30 2010 09:03 Deletrious wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 08:57 Enervate wrote: Why does there have to be evolutionary drive behind the trait? Can it not be due only to natural variation? Harmful genetic mutations and maladaptive behavior are not uncommon.
Note: I am NOT saying homosexuality is a disease and that there is anything wrong with it. I mean harmful only in the evolutionary sense of reproduction and the passing of traits because obviously homosexuality prevents reproduction. Taking you at face value, one would expect a merely maladaptive trait, especially one that stops you from procreating, would quickly be bred out as unfit. Homosexuality has survived among various species, and therefore there must be some valuable result, either to the species as a whole, or to individuals in other ways. Like how one post pointed to homosexuality being akin to sickle cell, and another post suggested that in women, the gene that causes homosexuality makes women procreate more.
Or it could mean that "normal" sexuality is determined by a very wide array of genetic factors, and random mutations unrelated to genetics can very easily offset that balance. Many mental disorders which are highly self destructive (One again not saying that Gay is a disease, etc etc) exist due to a similar phenomenon.
Or even more likely, a combination of both, with early developmental environmental factors (both chemical and social) weakening or strengthening an inherent predisposition, what I personally believe.
Its pretty important to note human sexuality isn't anything close to black and white. 50% men report having some sort of sexual affection for other men at some point in there life (and in all likelihood, it is probably higher).
Which at the same time doesn't mean just because it exists at some level in many of us, means its choice. For some, it is a choice, (pan/bi) but for many others, it isn't any more of a choice then being straight is.
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Just because its passed down and seen in multiple species does not make it inherintely good for reproductive success of the community or individual. Not relating gays to down syndrome, but chromosomal defects are found in multiple species. Common mutations in genes exist, some are more apparent than others. Homosexuality may be a genetic defect. Not to say that homosexuals are bad, but we are clearly different. I don't see why it cant be a defect that is not advantageous for reproductive sucess that has carried on. PS I identify as a bisexual, so don't flame as gay bashing.
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On November 30 2010 08:41 VIB wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 07:45 mikado wrote: It is observed in many species of animals other than Humans.
Sexuality is not a chosen preference. Now that I think about it. Could anyone give one example of homosexuality on other animals that is exclusively homosexual and not bisexual? I mean, if you raise two male dogs together they will inevitably hump each other. But if after years of humping each other you introduce a female, they will hump the female as well. I don't remember seeing or hearing about any animal that will specifically only hump males and not females. Which makes me believe that it's indeed a chosen preference due to human social interactions which are not present on other animals. Or am I wrong?
I remember articles about homosexuality in birds, and also in bird species that only ever have one mate in their life. Those were the only birds described that will never mate with a female. But homosexuality was always described as an exception and most males went strictly after females.
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On November 30 2010 09:09 Owarida wrote: Just because its passed down and seen in multiple species does not make it inherintely good for reproductive success of the community or individual. Not relating gays to down syndrome, but chromosomal defects are found in multiple species. Common mutations in genes exist, some are more apparent than others. Homosexuality may be a genetic defect. Not to say that homosexuals are bad, but we are clearly different. I don't see why it cant be a defect that is not advantageous for reproductive sucess that has carried on. PS I identify as a bisexual, so don't flame as gay bashing.
Please read my prior post. This is not likely and not consistent with the evidence available. There have to be ill effects due to homosexuality, which is not consistently observed. Almost universally the presence of homosexuality is indicative of a reproductively successful community.
EDIT:
Okay, example of homosexuality in animals: Sheep. Why doesn't anyone read my posts?
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On November 30 2010 09:08 _Darwin_ wrote:Show nested quote +On November 30 2010 09:00 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:44 _Darwin_ wrote:On November 30 2010 08:41 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:34 _Darwin_ wrote:On November 30 2010 08:28 mikado wrote:On November 30 2010 08:20 Dont Panic wrote:Well if you want to have a scientific discussion you are going to need to provide proof for your assumptions. Especially this "As with every physical and psychological behavior, the answer to the question must lie in genetics or this Sexuality is not a chosen preference. I've done papers on this for university but it's not going to be worth my time just judging from how this thread has gone so far. "There is no evidence to suggest that the sexuality of the majority of people, homosexual or heterosexual, is a result of a conscious choice on their part. Despite the frequently heard popular assertations that homosexuality is a choice" De Witt, Karen. "Quayle Contends Homosexuality Is a Matter of Choice, Not Biology." The New York Times. Monday, September 14 , 1992, p. A17. LOL you just quoted an ABC anchor zzz... must have been peer reviewed atleast 1000 times. "To say that genetic differences are relevant to hetero- and homosexuality is not, however, to say that there are "genes for homosexuality" or even that there is a "genetic tendency to homosexuality." - Richard Lewontin 11/2/1995 Quick to quote the unedited version of the post there, but nevertheless there is no such evidence; within that article several studies are also cited. Your choice of quotee, Richard Lewontin also said; The psychic and physical characteristics of human beings, and the differences between individuals, are the consequence of an interaction between the genes that are present in the fertilized egg and the sequence of environmental circumstances that the developing organism experiences during its life cycle.There are, morever, random events in cell growth and differentiation that are neither genetic nor environmental in the usual sense, and which play an extremely important part in development, especially in behavioral traits.He is an evolutionary biologist. Right- I've read many Lewontin/Gould books and dozens of articles. That quotation affirms my conclusion. Let me know if you need me to bold some parts and stuff. So you ignore the first half and accept the second. How can you distinguish which part 'homosexuality' falls into; the random or genetically influenced? Even Lewontin can't and admits it so in his books, I suppose you would know. Without going into what these specific random events are, both points he makes in the quote affirm that it's a biomolecular interaction that results in this phenomenon and it's not a conscience choice. Moreover, this phenomenon is widely seen in other animals, developments of which work in different ways. Lewontin strongly opposes genetic determinism anyway, attacking whole scientific fields like evolutionary psychology and sociobiology in the process. Right, I was arguing that homosexuality is not necessarily genetic, as you said it MUST be in the op. I wasn't stating that it's a "choice."
Well now, don't forget to quote this form my previous post either: 'And recent studies have affirmed that most of the random events produced in the blastocyst or the foetal stages of development are in correlation with activation/deactivation/variation of portions of the so called junk-DNA sequences.'
At the very basic level again, biomolecular interaction --> genetics. Unless you're saying eating bananas (exposure to some chemical, etc) will make your baby gay, I don't see how you can't tie it down to genetics. There's whole fields dedicated to studying genetic influence over complex social behavior, let alone primal instincts and urges; we're way ahead of confirming genetic influence on such processes.
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Well now, don't forget to quote this form my previous post either: 'And recent studies have affirmed that most of the random events produced in the blastocyst or the foetal stages of development are in correlation with activation/deactivation/variation of portions of the so called junk-DNA sequences.'
At the very basic level again, biomolecular interaction --> genetics. Unless you're saying eating bananas (exposure to some chemical, etc) will make your baby gay, I don't see how you can't tie it down to genetics. There's whole fields dedicated to studying genetic influence over complex social behavior, let alone primal instincts and urges; we're way ahead of confirming genetic influence on such processes.
Are you saying ones environment has no impact one ones behavior?
Please read my prior post. This is not likely and not consistent with the evidence available. There have to be ill effects due to homosexuality, which is not consistently observed. Almost universally the presence of homosexuality is indicative of a reproductively successful community.
Your "evidence" is basically some intuitive relationships that have been observed. Its very weak evidence. I don't see any comprehensive correlation charts here or data, we basically have some very basic relationships based upon intuition coming from a random guy.
I get the appeal of the theory, the Gay uncle theory is pretty well known in academia, but its also never been conclusive either way.
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