• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 11:59
CEST 17:59
KST 00:59
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
[ASL22] Ro8 Preview: In A Tizzy9[ASL22] Ro16 Preview: Holy Diver5[ASL22] Ro16 Preview: Rough Waters10[ASL22] Ro24 Preview: Siren's Call8[ASL22] Ro24 Preview: Summer's End9
Community News
Weekly Cups (Sep 13-20): herO scores triple2BSL Season 238Weekly Cups (Sep 7-12): SHIN, ByuN, MaxPax double down1StarCraft open world shooter announced at BlizzCon101Weekly Cups (Aug 30-Sep 7): herO thrives amid growing schism10
StarCraft 2
General
Blizzard Classic Cup @ BlizzCon 2026 - $100k prize pool Balance hotfix patch 5.0.16b (July 16) Weekly Cups (Sep 13-20): herO scores triple How do you feel about the StarCraft shooter announcement at BlizzCon 2026? The Death of Cheese: From a Professional Cheeser
Tourneys
Master Swan Open (Global Bronze-Master 2) Stellar Fest TWO the Moon (Dec 16-20) Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament 2026 GSTL Announcement RSL Revival: Season 6 - Qualifiers and Main Event
Strategy
[H] ZvP Mid-Late Game: Stalkers Collossi HT
Custom Maps
[M] (2) Frigid Storage
External Content
Mutation # 544 Double Trouble The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 543 Enhanced Defenses Mutation # 542 The Ascended
Brood War
General
SC4ALL II: Brood War Player Announcement 4/4 BSL Season 23 Bot on ladder screpdb: new Starcraft reporting tool PLAYzone Challenge - open offline tour in Prague
Tourneys
[IPSL] IPSL is Back With Winter 26-27! [ASL22] Ro8 Day 2 PLAYzone Challenge - open offline tour in Prague [ASL22] Ro16 Group D
Strategy
Cliff Jump Revisited (1 in a 1000 strategy) Replay Review Process - What do you do? Simple Questions, Simple Answers Odyssey Mineral Stack Saturation
Other Games
General Games
Nintendo Switch Thread Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne Diablo IV Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread EVE Corporation
Dota 2
Dota 2 Champions League Season 3 Begins April 25! Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
[TL LoL EUW IHs] Teemo shall perish
Heroes of the Storm
Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Artificial Intelligence Thread All you football fans (soccer)!
Fan Clubs
MarineLorD Fan Club The Creator Fan Club The ShoWTimE Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Movie Discussion! [Manga] One Piece Diablo Animated Series on Netflix
Sports
Football (Soccer) Thread TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 MLB/Baseball 2023
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
Recent Gifted Posts
Blogs
Violent-Cooperative Play and…
TrAiDoS
38 yo Retired SWE loo…
PurE)Rabbit-SF
Can Bots Beat Pros?? Starcr…
namkraft
[meme] I finally understa…
LUCKY_NOOB
Regacy Esports:Our Goa…
regacyesports
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 8336 users

Aligulac.com: March 7th update

Forum Index > SC2 General
Post a Reply
1 2 Next All
TheBB
Profile Blog Joined July 2009
Switzerland5133 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-03-07 19:12:02
March 07 2013 10:53 GMT
#1
Contents
  • What is this?
  • Twitter
  • New features
  • Old features and pleas
  • Top 10 players
  • Top 10 foreigners
  • Top 10 teams
  • Contact
  • In debt to
What is this?

Aligulac.com is an ongoing statistical project and website in development started in December 2012. It offers a comprehensive database of games from the pro and semipro SC2 scene, as well as a unique rating system aimed at rating players and teams, and predicting games. Every two weeks, when a rating list is finalized, I write a post like this.

The FAQ might be able to answer your questions. If not, I'll be keeping an eye on this thread so you can ask away here.

Also, before we start, I want to quote Heartland from one of my previous threads who had this to share, better put into words than I ever could.

On February 03 2013 02:50 Heartland wrote:
I think what's cool and great about this work is that it does what statistics are good for. They give you the ability to create data and then to look at it critically. But maybe people in this thread confuse statistics with the Truth with a capital p (sic). That's not the way you should read statistics, whether in the morning paper or on TL. Rather statistics can make us think about deeper connections that we haven't seen before, twist and turn around concepts and play with them through statistical models. They're not meant to say "Scarlett should be in Code S." Obviously there are flaws or issues with these stats, but it's common for statistics everywhere. What you can do with that is to add or change some modifier, let it meet other forms of reasoning or to extrapolate on what we take for granted.

So yeah, tl;dr, lies, damn lies and statistics are the case with all stats but it's not the point of stats.

So, let's get on with the news.

Twitter

I don't quite get the fascination with Twitter, but since it's one of those important e-sports things there is now an official Aligulac twitter @Sc2Aligulac. It's operated by my PR advisor Grovbolle, though I'll use it myself to announce features. You can follow this for predictions, announcements and the regular goofy stuff that Grovbolle will write.

New features since last time
  • I am still tweaking the rating system, and you shouldn't expect it to settle just yet. It's a slow process, since whenever I change something I have to figure out the optimal parameters all over again, which is a very lengthy process. The latest change allows players who play rarely to adjust faster and players who play more often to adjust slower. Since most players are of the second type, I had to overall raise the speed of adjustments to compensate.

  • There are now fewer than 10,000 uncatalogued matches, down from 13,000 last time. Almost all of this comes from Go4SC2 cups. (We're chasing that number zero.) Also, the number of games in the database passed 120,000.

  • The results lists now have icons that indicate game version (WoL/HotS) and tournament type (offline/online).

  • Player, team and event pages contain more information now. Events have matchup statistics, homepages, liquipedia links. Players have earnings and a ratio of offline matches. Same with teams. One interesting thing is the MC number. To get an MC number of 1, you have to have played an offline match against MC. To get an MC number of 2, you have to have played an offline match against someone with an MC number of 1, and so on. MC was chosen because he has more offline games than anyone else. Think of this as our version of Erdös or Bacon numbers. Basically, more numbers! Yay!

  • There is a new balance report page. This will be expanded greatly as I think of more statistics to produce.

  • Player match histories are now filterable by race, nationality, match length and type (offline/online). If you want to check the lifetime head-to-head record, the best way to do that is like this.

  • The code has been put on GitHub. Along with the database dump this should allow you to replicate everything.

  • Feature requests and bugs are best submitted here, though it's not that important.

  • Charts have been improved. We ditched the server-rendered plots and went with javascript instead, which lightens server load and allows you to interact much more easily. Try it out. You can click and drag to zoom and export graphs.
Old features and things you should still know about

Everyone can submit results. Just go here: http://aligulac.com/add/ – some pro players have been scouring their histories and submitting the missing bits (mostly the wins cough, cough), which is great!

Help is still needed! The database is probably the biggest in the world of its kind and it's being maintained by a handful of people. There are still 10,000 matches that have not been catalogued and I dare not imagine how many games we have yet to add. Almost all the Playhem cups are still missing, for example. People volunteer fairly regularly, but the workload is too damn high for the current staff. For all the rejected TLPD volunteers (I know you are out there, I was one myself) this would be the perfect project.

Anyway, let's get to the juicy bit. These two weeks include games from (in no particular order): MLG Showdowns, Day[9] King of the Beta, IEM WC, GSL, Proleague, Ritmix RSL, Flamingcow.tv open, IPL qualifiers, Cascade1xbet league, IPTL, Francophone Championship, Gladiator's Arena, GSTL preseason, Assembly, Yegalisk Master Cup, aAa Pro Challenge, ESET UK Masters, and a bunch of minor regional leagues (Danish and Dutch mostly), showmatches and weekly cups.

Top 10 players
  1. Life 1887
  2. Bomber 1825
  3. PartinG 1815
  4. Leenock 1810
  5. DongRaeGu 1798
  6. Polt 1789
  7. HyuN 1777
  8. viOLet 1768
  9. ForGG 1766
  10. Rain 1712
The biggest winners are Polt (+65) and Violet (+41), and the biggest losers are DongRaeGu (-52) and Hyun (-41). Rain and ForGG also drop some points.

Top 10 foreigners
  1. VortiX 1708
  2. Stephano 1690
  3. Sen 1667
  4. LucifroN 1630
  5. Scarlett 1611
  6. Nerchio 1603
  7. Fraer 1553
  8. Snute 1545
  9. XiGua 1511
  10. LiveZerg 1493
The reason tournaments like IEM WC are so important is that it provides a «trading ground» for points to pass between foreigners and Koreans (usually from foreigners to Koreans). This time we see Vortix (-47), Lucifron (-71) Snute (-71) lose a lot of points. Nerchio and Fraer both gained some 20-odd points. They didn't take them from Koreans though...

Top 10 teams, all-kill edition
  1. Incredible Miracle 92.61%
  2. StarTale 92.46%
  3. MVP 90.99%
  4. AZUBU 90.40%
  5. SK Telecom T1 89.44%
  6. FXOpen e-Sports Korea 85.71%
  7. Prime 85.09%
  8. Team Liquid 83.73%
  9. Evil Geniuses 82.33%
  10. Team Acer 82.10%
Top 10 teams, proleague-style edition
  1. Incredible Miracle 80.51%
  2. AZUBU 77.22%
  3. MVP 76.54%
  4. StarTale 76.44%
  5. SK Telecom T1 69.46%
  6. Team Liquid 60.61%
  7. Prime 59.84%
  8. FXOpen e-Sports Korea 59.74%
  9. Evil Geniuses 58.85%
  10. Woongjin Stars 54.12%
Note that team ranks are not influenced by team tournaments, but by the individual results of the players themselves. That is why Woongjin, while dominating PL, are climbing so slowly. PL doesn't offer enough games to let their players climb fast enough, and this system is incapable of taking coach strategy into account.

Contact us

For comments, feedback, feature requests and especially volunteers, you can reach us by:
  • This thread, duh.
  • Twitter @Sc2Aligulac.
  • PM. Me.
  • IRC: #aligulac on quakenet.
  • E-mail to evfonn(at)gmail(dot)com.
  • Issue list on GitHub.
  • Pilgrimage to Zürich. I will find you.
Thanks to
  • New guy: FrozENDruiD, manager of NewRoSoft.
  • Programming team: Conti, Otolia (still getting ready ).
  • Database maintainers: Conti, kiekaboe, Inflicted, Grovbolle, PhoenixVoid, scisyhp, Susurrus.
  • PR manager and tweeter: Grovbolle
  • Everyone who PM's and e-mails me with suggestions. You're all heard.
See you in two weeks!
http://aligulac.com || Barcraft Switzerland! || Zerg best race. || Stats-poster extraordinaire.
EtherealDeath
Profile Blog Joined July 2007
United States8366 Posts
March 07 2013 10:58 GMT
#2
o.O IM #1, nice, although I didn't expect that.
TheBB
Profile Blog Joined July 2009
Switzerland5133 Posts
March 07 2013 11:05 GMT
#3
Oh, I forgot to mention. I'm in need of someone who can do some graphics. What I need is not much: 16x16-ish PNG graphics for WoL/HotS and online/offline icons that are easily distinguishable and intuitively clear. I don't think the current ones are up to snuff. Any takers?
http://aligulac.com || Barcraft Switzerland! || Zerg best race. || Stats-poster extraordinaire.
Grovbolle
Profile Blog Joined July 2011
Denmark3815 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-03-07 11:09:16
March 07 2013 11:06 GMT
#4
On March 07 2013 19:58 EtherealDeath wrote:
o.O IM #1, nice, although I didn't expect that.

It's based on players overall skill level, and not on actual results in teamleagues. (Since IM has a lot of killer players)

Explained in a blog post:

The all-kill score is generated assuming a best-of-9 format, that is, the first team to eliminate five players on the opposing team wins (this is used in the GSTL, for example). The teams are assumed to always field their five best players (by rating) in increasing order. (This is not very accurate, but what can you do?) I have also allowed teams with fewer than five players to get an all-kill score. (Which will be very poor, of course. For SK to win an all-kill match, MC would have to win all the games himself, for example.)

For Proleague score, I am using a best-of-7 format (as seen in Proleague). The teams are assumed to field their best six players in a random order (again, not very realistic), and their best player in an eventual ace match. Teams with fewer than six ranked players won't get a proleague score.
Lies, damned lies and statistics: http://aligulac.com
Hiwashi
Profile Joined August 2010
United States43 Posts
March 07 2013 11:30 GMT
#5
How are you going to handle WoL vs HotS ranks? I honestly would like to see players ranked by their HotS performance and their HotS performance only, starting from 0 ( or whatever the starting point is ) instead of being based on their WoL score.

I would like to see WoL only rank, HotS only rank and WoL+HotS rank.

I dont know how hard it would be to implement, but it would be very interesting to be able to filter the ranks by a specific time frame and/or a specific tournament.

For example.

Get all the HotS events that happened before March 12th ( IEM, MLG Showdowns, GDstudio KOTH, GSTL HOTS and MLG Dallas ), I am counting MLG Dallas because that event is going to be weird since pros do not have access to HotS to practice pre event, and the showdown matches were played prior the release.

Then you do the wizardry math stuff and give me the best pre-hots release players, then I can compare that to all the post-release data once it becomes available.

For tournament specific, lets say GSL Season 2, it would be interesting later on to see during that specific tournament who is the the best player overall in that specific tournament vs the player that had the bigger growth. Some underdog that didnt make to the GSL Ro8 for example, but that came all the way from Code B with his 1600 rating and beat a lot of amazing players on his way up. You could have tournament specific ladders for the major ones like GSL, MLG, IEM, Dreamhack, so you are only compared with other people who played in that tournament, not the entire world.

I dont know if I explained well what I want, or if its even possible/worth your time to implement, but I felt like mentioning it anyway.
opterown *
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
Australia54784 Posts
March 07 2013 11:32 GMT
#6
ah haha that zvt winrate after patch ;D
ModeratorRetired LR Bonjwa
TL+ Member
llIH
Profile Joined June 2011
Norway2147 Posts
March 07 2013 11:37 GMT
#7
Unexpected
graNite
Profile Blog Joined December 2010
Germany4434 Posts
March 07 2013 11:45 GMT
#8
I like your balance report graphic; is there a way to see foreigners vs koreans over time in mirror matchups and balance by korea only?
"Oink oink, bitches" - Tasteless on Pigbaby winning a map against Flash
StarVe
Profile Joined June 2011
Germany13591 Posts
March 07 2013 12:37 GMT
#9
Hey, fraer at least 3-0ed SortOf, that's not too bad.
Otolia
Profile Blog Joined July 2011
France5805 Posts
March 07 2013 12:48 GMT
#10
On March 07 2013 20:30 Hiwashi wrote:
How are you going to handle WoL vs HotS ranks? I honestly would like to see players ranked by their HotS performance and their HotS performance only, starting from 0 ( or whatever the starting point is ) instead of being based on their WoL score.

I would like to see WoL only rank, HotS only rank and WoL+HotS rank.


It's something we have been talking about. As of right now, there is only one ranking though we can easily compile a WoL only ranking, it is not currently possible for HotS.

The issues that have been brought up are mostly in TheBB's garden so I'll let him explain that in details but a summary would be : how to calculate the HotS ranking ?
Targe
Profile Blog Joined February 2012
United Kingdom14103 Posts
March 07 2013 12:49 GMT
#11
Cool to see xigua top ten foreigners.
I always enjoy reading these, thanks!
11/5/14 CATACLYSM | The South West's worst Falco main
Tixian
Profile Joined December 2012
United States2 Posts
March 07 2013 17:22 GMT
#12
It would be cool if you look at the difference between projected team results and actual team results over the course of team leagues to develop an effective value of the manager. (essentially determine how much a given coach improves the team over the team members' individual abilities.) and you could actually give coaches values and rankings and then incorporate them into the team predictions.
Grovbolle
Profile Blog Joined July 2011
Denmark3815 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-03-07 18:42:43
March 07 2013 18:37 GMT
#13
On March 08 2013 02:22 Tixian wrote:
It would be cool if you look at the difference between projected team results and actual team results over the course of team leagues to develop an effective value of the manager. (essentially determine how much a given coach improves the team over the team members' individual abilities.) and you could actually give coaches values and rankings and then incorporate them into the team predictions.


Small sample size would be a big issue for this. Currently everyone on the team agrees that the team all-kill/proleague scores are more for show than anything since they aren't that useful. That comes with the limitation of all the assumptions behind the calculation which I quoted in an earlier post.
Lies, damned lies and statistics: http://aligulac.com
Salient
Profile Joined August 2011
United States876 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-03-07 19:03:11
March 07 2013 18:56 GMT
#14
ForGG seems overrated due to not playing top Koreans. The foreigners other than Stephano and Naniwa also seem overrated.
Grovbolle
Profile Blog Joined July 2011
Denmark3815 Posts
March 07 2013 19:03 GMT
#15
On March 08 2013 03:56 Salient wrote:
FORgg seems overrated due to not playing top Koreans. The foreigners other than Stephano and Naniwa also seem overrated.


Most likely, numbers can only take you so far, the more interscene matches the better for all.
Lies, damned lies and statistics: http://aligulac.com
MCXD
Profile Blog Joined February 2012
Australia2738 Posts
March 07 2013 19:20 GMT
#16
What's this mysterious MC number?
TheBB
Profile Blog Joined July 2009
Switzerland5133 Posts
March 07 2013 19:24 GMT
#17
On March 08 2013 04:20 MCXD wrote:
What's this mysterious MC number?

It works like this:
  • MC has an MC number of zero.
  • Anyone who plays MC gets an MC number of one.
  • Anyone who has not played MC but who has played someone who has played him gets an MC number of two.
  • And so on. If you have played someone with an MC number of k but not someone with MC number of k–1 or lower, you get an MC number of k+1.
Compare with the Erdős number.
http://aligulac.com || Barcraft Switzerland! || Zerg best race. || Stats-poster extraordinaire.
Salient
Profile Joined August 2011
United States876 Posts
March 07 2013 19:44 GMT
#18
On March 08 2013 04:24 TheBB wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2013 04:20 MCXD wrote:
What's this mysterious MC number?

It works like this:
  • MC has an MC number of zero.
  • Anyone who plays MC gets an MC number of one.
  • Anyone who has not played MC but who has played someone who has played him gets an MC number of two.
  • And so on. If you have played someone with an MC number of k but not someone with MC number of k–1 or lower, you get an MC number of k+1.
Compare with the Erdős number.

So it's a math meme and sort of homage to MC. I guess you picked MC due to his many high level games and record prize winnings. Out of curiosity, did you consider Mvp or Nestea as alternatives?
ACrow
Profile Joined October 2011
Germany6583 Posts
March 07 2013 19:47 GMT
#19
As always, your work is greatly appreciated.
Any update on how you plan to handle the HotS transition? Is a wipe of any kind planned, or do you let the system handle this by itself?
Get off my lawn, young punks
Grovbolle
Profile Blog Joined July 2011
Denmark3815 Posts
March 07 2013 20:18 GMT
#20
On March 08 2013 04:44 Salient wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2013 04:24 TheBB wrote:
On March 08 2013 04:20 MCXD wrote:
What's this mysterious MC number?

It works like this:
  • MC has an MC number of zero.
  • Anyone who plays MC gets an MC number of one.
  • Anyone who has not played MC but who has played someone who has played him gets an MC number of two.
  • And so on. If you have played someone with an MC number of k but not someone with MC number of k–1 or lower, you get an MC number of k+1.
Compare with the Erdős number.

So it's a math meme and sort of homage to MC. I guess you picked MC due to his many high level games and record prize winnings. Out of curiosity, did you consider Mvp or Nestea as alternatives?

MC has the most offline games, and has played lots of different gamers. It was goody before and not restricted to offline, resulting in everyone having a number of 1 or 2. (Goody has a shit ton of matches in the DB)
Lies, damned lies and statistics: http://aligulac.com
1 2 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 8h 1m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
BRAT_OK 63
StarCraft: Brood War
Britney 33123
Mini 1029
actioN 709
GuemChi 598
Light 562
ggaemo 403
Stork 357
Barracks 148
Dewaltoss 115
firebathero 96
[ Show more ]
soO 36
sorry 36
HiyA 33
Trap 22
Dota 2
Gorgc6907
qojqva1911
Counter-Strike
x6flipin595
Other Games
summit1g3922
Liquid`RaSZi1364
hiko772
B2W.Neo747
mouzStarbuck344
byalli336
XBOCT301
Liquid`VortiX228
Hui .179
QueenE83
ArmadaUGS80
Mew2King68
Rex62
Trikslyr39
Beastyqt0
Organizations
Dota 2
PGL Dota 2 - Main Stream14048
StarCraft 2
WardiTV673
StarCraft: Brood War
Afreeca ASL 366
StarCraft 2
TaKeTV 41
[ Show 12 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• mYiSmile143
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• Migwel
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
League of Legends
• Nemesis2283
• Jankos1969
Other Games
• Shiphtur141
Upcoming Events
Replay Cast
8h 1m
WardiTV Invitational
19h 1m
Korean StarCraft League
1d 11h
CranKy Ducklings
1d 18h
GSL
2 days
Yamato Cup
2 days
Replay Cast
3 days
Afreeca Starleague
3 days
Soma vs Jaedong
WardiTV Weekly
3 days
Monday Night Weeklies
4 days
[ Show More ]
Sparkling Tuna Cup
4 days
Afreeca Starleague
4 days
Leta vs Soulkey
PiGosaur Cup
5 days
Kung Fu Cup
5 days
The PondCast
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Super Anchor Qualifying S3
Blizzard Classic Cup 2026
Big Dog Cup 2026 Div 1

Ongoing

ASL Season 22
CSL 2026 AUTUMN (S22)
Acropolis #5
Acropolis #5 - GSA
Calamity Invitational
Logitech G Play Connect 2026
SL StarSeries Fall 2026
FISSURE Playground #3
BLAST Open Fall 2026
Esports World Cup 2026
BLAST Bounty Summer 2026
BLAST Bounty Summer Qual
Stake Ranked Episode 3
XSE Pro League 2026

Upcoming

Acropolis #5 - GSB
Acropolis #5 - GSC
BSL Season 23
SC4ALL II: Brood War
BSL 23: Non-Korean Championship
HSC XXX
Stellar Fest 2: Lunar Cup
SC4ALL II: StarCraft II
Kung Fu Cup 2026 Grand Finals
RSL Offline Finals
Custodian Cup
Copium Cup
PGL Major Singapore 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 6
BLAST Rivals Fall 2026
IEM Beijing 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 5
PGL Masters Bucharest 2026
1win Private Club #2
Thunderpick World Champ. '26
ESL Pro League Season 24
Stake Ranked Episode 4
1win Private Club #1
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.