• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EST 16:51
CET 22:51
KST 06:51
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
TL.net Map Contest #21: Winners11Intel X Team Liquid Seoul event: Showmatches and Meet the Pros10[ASL20] Finals Preview: Arrival13TL.net Map Contest #21: Voting12[ASL20] Ro4 Preview: Descent11
Community News
Weekly Cups (Nov 3-9): Clem Conquers in Canada0SC: Evo Complete - Ranked Ladder OPEN ALPHA1StarCraft, SC2, HotS, WC3, Returning to Blizzcon!45$5,000+ WardiTV 2025 Championship7[BSL21] RO32 Group Stage4
StarCraft 2
General
Mech is the composition that needs teleportation t Weekly Cups (Nov 3-9): Clem Conquers in Canada RotterdaM "Serral is the GOAT, and it's not close" SC: Evo Complete - Ranked Ladder OPEN ALPHA TL.net Map Contest #21: Winners
Tourneys
Constellation Cup - Main Event - Stellar Fest Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament $5,000+ WardiTV 2025 Championship Merivale 8 Open - LAN - Stellar Fest Sea Duckling Open (Global, Bronze-Diamond)
Strategy
Custom Maps
Map Editor closed ?
External Content
Mutation # 499 Chilling Adaptation Mutation # 498 Wheel of Misfortune|Cradle of Death Mutation # 497 Battle Haredened Mutation # 496 Endless Infection
Brood War
General
BW General Discussion BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ FlaSh on: Biggest Problem With SnOw's Playstyle [ASL20] Ask the mapmakers — Drop your questions Where's CardinalAllin/Jukado the mapmaker?
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [ASL20] Grand Finals [BSL21] RO32 Group A - Saturday 21:00 CET [BSL21] RO32 Group B - Sunday 21:00 CET
Strategy
PvZ map balance Current Meta How to stay on top of macro? Soma's 9 hatch build from ASL Game 2
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Should offensive tower rushing be viable in RTS games? Nintendo Switch Thread Path of Exile Dawn of War IV
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread SPIRED by.ASL Mafia {211640}
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Canadian Politics Mega-thread The Games Industry And ATVI
Fan Clubs
White-Ra Fan Club The herO Fan Club!
Media & Entertainment
[Manga] One Piece Anime Discussion Thread Movie Discussion! Korean Music Discussion Series you have seen recently...
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion NBA General Discussion MLB/Baseball 2023 TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
SC2 Client Relocalization [Change SC2 Language] Linksys AE2500 USB WIFI keeps disconnecting Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Learning my new SC2 hotkey…
Hildegard
Coffee x Performance in Espo…
TrAiDoS
Saturation point
Uldridge
DnB/metal remix FFO Mick Go…
ImbaTosS
Reality "theory" prov…
perfectspheres
Our Last Hope in th…
KrillinFromwales
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 1523 users

Is A Real MMR Too Much to Ask For? - Page 7

Forum Index > SC2 General
Post a Reply
Prev 1 5 6 7 8 9 11 Next All
Baarn
Profile Joined April 2010
United States2702 Posts
June 15 2011 15:30 GMT
#121
You don't need mmr when you can see match history and who the player win or lose to.
There's no S in KT. :P
Chronald
Profile Joined December 2009
United States619 Posts
June 15 2011 15:33 GMT
#122
On June 16 2011 00:30 Baarn wrote:
You don't need mmr when you can see match history and who the player win or lose to.


Too bad that takes like 20 minutes, and still isn't reliable because Blizzard's rankings mean nothing since you can't see their raw MMR.
Got that.
Mendelfist
Profile Joined September 2010
Sweden356 Posts
June 15 2011 15:38 GMT
#123
Use this script:
http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=227243

It's as close to MMR as you'll get. You can't use it to compare yourself to others, and it doesn't work across promotions/demotions, but otherwise it will (unlike points) quite accurately help you track your progress.
Chronald
Profile Joined December 2009
United States619 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-06-15 16:05:24
June 15 2011 15:46 GMT
#124
On June 16 2011 00:38 Mendelfist wrote:
Use this script:
http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=227243

It's as close to MMR as you'll get. You can't use it to compare yourself to others, and it doesn't work across promotions/demotions, but otherwise it will (unlike points) quite accurately help you track your progress.


This is super sweet!!

Thanks so much for posting this!

I see what you mean about it not working across all leagues/promotions/demotions etc. But I definitely think that this is the best way to track progress and improvement I've found (besides replay analyses through SC2Gears obviously).
Got that.
DestroManiak
Profile Joined December 2010
257 Posts
June 15 2011 16:05 GMT
#125
On June 16 2011 00:28 Gnax wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 00:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:53 Gnax wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:34 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 11:00 Gnax wrote:
They don't show it because they don't want hackers to figure out exactly how their system works.


what happens if hackers find out?


Hackers gonna hack. What do you think?


elaborate


I'm not a hacker bro. If me, let alone blizzard, knew how their system can be abused, they wouldn't have to worry about it.


EXPLAIN HOW IT WILL BE ABUSED

ffs, enough with your one-liners, answer the question asked instead of TRYING to be funny with "clever", sarcastic comments for once...
Chronald
Profile Joined December 2009
United States619 Posts
June 15 2011 16:08 GMT
#126
On June 16 2011 01:05 DestroManiak wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 00:28 Gnax wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:53 Gnax wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:34 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 11:00 Gnax wrote:
They don't show it because they don't want hackers to figure out exactly how their system works.


what happens if hackers find out?


Hackers gonna hack. What do you think?


elaborate


I'm not a hacker bro. If me, let alone blizzard, knew how their system can be abused, they wouldn't have to worry about it.


EXPLAIN HOW IT WILL BE ABUSED

ffs, enough with your one-liners, answer the question asked instead of TRYING to be funny with "clever", sarcastic comments for once...


The clear fact is that there is no negative impact to any supposed 'exploit' of the MMR system.
Got that.
LagT_T
Profile Joined March 2010
Argentina535 Posts
June 15 2011 16:14 GMT
#127
What's with the random capital letters on the thread title?
"The tactics... no. Amateurs discuss tactics, professional soldiers study logistics." - Tom Clancy, Red Storm Rising
BillSmauz
Profile Joined June 2010
United States51 Posts
June 15 2011 16:24 GMT
#128
If it is that much of a big deal to you, why don't you get a pen and a piece of paper and tally your wins and losses. Blizzard most likely implemented their system in order to hide losses to prevent players from being discouraged or too competitive. I dare to make the analogy to Call of Duty but this seems like the right instance to with its KDR (Kill-Death Ratio) ranking. Players would focus on just improving their KDR, whereas in Starcraft 2 players would just focus on winning rather than learning from their losses and trying to improve.
http://www.last.fm/user/BillSmauz
Mendelfist
Profile Joined September 2010
Sweden356 Posts
June 15 2011 16:25 GMT
#129
On June 16 2011 00:46 Chronald wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 00:38 Mendelfist wrote:
Use this script:
http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=227243

It's as close to MMR as you'll get. You can't use it to compare yourself to others, and it doesn't work across promotions/demotions, but otherwise it will (unlike points) quite accurately help you track your progress.


This is super sweet!!

Thanks so much for posting this!

I see what you mean about it not working across all leagues/promotions/demotions etc. But I definitely think that this is the best way to track progress and improvement I've found (besides replay analyses through SC2Gears obviously).

Send the author a PM and thank him. Maybe that encouragement will get him to fix the bugs I posted in his thread. :-) I don't even know if he has read it yet. He is not very acitve it seems.
Gnax
Profile Joined June 2010
Sweden490 Posts
June 15 2011 17:04 GMT
#130
On June 16 2011 01:05 DestroManiak wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 00:28 Gnax wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:53 Gnax wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:34 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 11:00 Gnax wrote:
They don't show it because they don't want hackers to figure out exactly how their system works.


what happens if hackers find out?


Hackers gonna hack. What do you think?


elaborate


I'm not a hacker bro. If me, let alone blizzard, knew how their system can be abused, they wouldn't have to worry about it.


EXPLAIN HOW IT WILL BE ABUSED

ffs, enough with your one-liners, answer the question asked instead of TRYING to be funny with "clever", sarcastic comments for once...


I can't explain. I have no idea. Sorry to make you dissappointed.
Sixes
Profile Joined July 2010
Canada1123 Posts
June 15 2011 17:16 GMT
#131
On June 16 2011 02:04 Gnax wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 01:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:28 Gnax wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:53 Gnax wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:34 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 11:00 Gnax wrote:
They don't show it because they don't want hackers to figure out exactly how their system works.


what happens if hackers find out?


Hackers gonna hack. What do you think?


elaborate


I'm not a hacker bro. If me, let alone blizzard, knew how their system can be abused, they wouldn't have to worry about it.


EXPLAIN HOW IT WILL BE ABUSED

ffs, enough with your one-liners, answer the question asked instead of TRYING to be funny with "clever", sarcastic comments for once...


I can't explain. I have no idea. Sorry to make you dissappointed.


That's because it won't be a problem.

There is very little benefit to having a high MMR (the GM league and specialized tournaments with prize pools are really the only ones and being invite only they can do basic background checks for hacks and abuse). The real benefit of having a viewable MMR is that as players we can actually see where we stand and if we are progressing.

I have the same issue right now, I have (I believe) been improving and am now playing against a lot of 1000+ Masters players (while being around 1000 Diamond myself). On the other hand I rarely ever meet the 700-900 Masters, I seem to have skipped over them which to me means there is actually a weird overlap in MMRs from high Diamond to mid Masters (which makes perfect sense mind you given the slower promotion system).

There is really no downside to seeing the MMR and pasting in a seemingly arbitrary set of ranks and leagues over it is just plain stupid because it has the problems of any rating system (bullying, people bragging stupidly and stroking their ego) without actually having the advantages (being able to track personal progress, organize tournaments or events by rating, even check matchups and progress in matchups if they set up the interface properly).
Chronald
Profile Joined December 2009
United States619 Posts
June 15 2011 17:24 GMT
#132
On June 16 2011 02:16 Sixes wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 02:04 Gnax wrote:
On June 16 2011 01:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:28 Gnax wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:53 Gnax wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:34 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 11:00 Gnax wrote:
They don't show it because they don't want hackers to figure out exactly how their system works.


what happens if hackers find out?


Hackers gonna hack. What do you think?


elaborate


I'm not a hacker bro. If me, let alone blizzard, knew how their system can be abused, they wouldn't have to worry about it.


EXPLAIN HOW IT WILL BE ABUSED

ffs, enough with your one-liners, answer the question asked instead of TRYING to be funny with "clever", sarcastic comments for once...


I can't explain. I have no idea. Sorry to make you dissappointed.


That's because it won't be a problem.

There is very little benefit to having a high MMR (the GM league and specialized tournaments with prize pools are really the only ones and being invite only they can do basic background checks for hacks and abuse). The real benefit of having a viewable MMR is that as players we can actually see where we stand and if we are progressing.

I have the same issue right now, I have (I believe) been improving and am now playing against a lot of 1000+ Masters players (while being around 1000 Diamond myself). On the other hand I rarely ever meet the 700-900 Masters, I seem to have skipped over them which to me means there is actually a weird overlap in MMRs from high Diamond to mid Masters (which makes perfect sense mind you given the slower promotion system).

There is really no downside to seeing the MMR and pasting in a seemingly arbitrary set of ranks and leagues over it is just plain stupid because it has the problems of any rating system (bullying, people bragging stupidly and stroking their ego) without actually having the advantages (being able to track personal progress, organize tournaments or events by rating, even check matchups and progress in matchups if they set up the interface properly).


Very well said, and very true as well.

I just don't understand people who don't want to see this information. It literally makes no sense to me, and to hear the community be like "wah wah exploits" "wah wah who cares" makes me sad. I remember when the only focus of the SC community was to become the best, to become better in every way. Now it just seems like the majority of players want to stroke their own inflated e-Peens using data that means absolutely nothing.
Got that.
Eknoid4
Profile Joined October 2010
United States902 Posts
June 15 2011 19:35 GMT
#133
On June 16 2011 00:33 Chronald wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 00:30 Baarn wrote:
You don't need mmr when you can see match history and who the player win or lose to.


Too bad that takes like 20 minutes, and still isn't reliable because Blizzard's rankings mean nothing since you can't see their raw MMR.

maybe use up all your bonus pool with all this time you spend whining then
If you're mad that someone else is brazenly trumpeting their beliefs with ignorance, perhaps you should be mad that you are doing it too.
[N3O]r3d33m3r
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
Germany673 Posts
June 24 2011 19:23 GMT
#134
On June 15 2011 11:26 Teim wrote:
Displaying MMR in the future may be more likely than you think.


lets hope you speak the truth^^
Kezzer
Profile Blog Joined December 2008
United States1268 Posts
June 24 2011 20:06 GMT
#135
On June 16 2011 02:04 Gnax wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 16 2011 01:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:28 Gnax wrote:
On June 16 2011 00:05 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:53 Gnax wrote:
On June 15 2011 23:34 DestroManiak wrote:
On June 15 2011 11:00 Gnax wrote:
They don't show it because they don't want hackers to figure out exactly how their system works.


what happens if hackers find out?


Hackers gonna hack. What do you think?


elaborate


I'm not a hacker bro. If me, let alone blizzard, knew how their system can be abused, they wouldn't have to worry about it.


EXPLAIN HOW IT WILL BE ABUSED

ffs, enough with your one-liners, answer the question asked instead of TRYING to be funny with "clever", sarcastic comments for once...


I can't explain. I have no idea. Sorry to make you dissappointed.


what a pathetic argument. that's like saying "remove all apples from supermarkets, terrorists will be able to bypass our defenses and kill people if we leave apples there"

"but how will apples affect terrorists?"

"hell if i know, if i did know we could prevent it, but since we cant we have to remove them"

...

2 things change mmr

winning and losing

neither of those are exploitable any further than normally winning or losing is
windsupernova
Profile Joined October 2010
Mexico5280 Posts
June 24 2011 20:08 GMT
#136
Wait, doesn´t your true MMR(in Masters at least) is Points minus Bonus Pool
"Its easy, just trust your CPU".-Boxer on being good at games
Sandster
Profile Joined November 2006
United States4054 Posts
June 24 2011 20:12 GMT
#137
If I read the patch notes correctly, they're taking out MMR from the wow arena display as well. (Before, you can see MMR at the end of wow arena matches.) Absolutely asinine.
CecilSunkure
Profile Blog Joined May 2010
United States2829 Posts
June 24 2011 20:15 GMT
#138
On June 15 2011 10:50 Chronald wrote:
So I've been playing some other competitive games, and also been reading about ranking in general, and I've been wondering why Blizzard can't just display our true MMR in the ladder/profile section.

Because then people like me would exploit the ladder system by reverse engineering how everything affects my mmr. It's for security reasons.
Sixes
Profile Joined July 2010
Canada1123 Posts
June 24 2011 20:24 GMT
#139
On June 25 2011 05:08 windsupernova wrote:
Wait, doesn´t your true MMR(in Masters at least) is Points minus Bonus Pool


Points minus Bonus Pool is just your real ladder rating. Theoretically if you everyone had a very very high game count and everyone was in the same league rating would be indicative of MMR.

Note I say indicative because if you are on a win or loss streak this is no longer the case (as MMR fluctuates much faster than rating and in fact increases exponentially with consecutive wins/losses as opposed to rating which is relatively linear).

Now you have issues where some players aren't stabilized. This is my case with 150+ games won simply because I am still learning (I still win 70% of my games and get matched against higher and higher players). Now I am ~1300 Diamond, playing against sometimes 1300-1400 masters, sometimes 1200 Diamond, sometimes 1500 Diamond and I have no idea what my MMR would be.

This has several causes mind you. One is that the leagues have a big MMR overlap (getting promoted can take a very long time and the mechanics of it are not fully understood). Another is that with MMR fluctuating a player who varies between 1300 and 1500 (arbitrary scale) can end up against someone who varies between 1100 and 1300 if the one is on a losing streak and the other is on a winning streak. As a consequence even with MMR, checking recent match history or average MMR over the last week would make sense (I remember the AoE 3 ladder the important stat was the usual average ELO, not the spike value).

On top of that when the leagues are first forming (beginning of season) the spots in masters league are open. If someone like me just doesn't play for a month at the beginning of the season the spots are taken and generally much harder to get.

All this to say that Masters vs diamond (and actually GM too if a player wasn't as active or successful at the start of season) makes very little sense. Having a global ladder with MMR will give a better idea of progression (if for example I was at the 3.45% mark and then practiced and got to the top 2.89% that would be significant progression). The comparison could be done either on current MMR or average MMR over the last week. Obviously people could spike high and stop playing to stay high but there would be no benefit to them and odds are there wouldn't be enough people doing that to have any real effect on the ladder. MMR could also start to degrade over time (accounting for a lack of practice, it would actually be nice to get a couple easy games after not playing for a month).
Sixes
Profile Joined July 2010
Canada1123 Posts
June 24 2011 20:30 GMT
#140
On June 25 2011 05:15 CecilSunkure wrote:
Show nested quote +
On June 15 2011 10:50 Chronald wrote:
So I've been playing some other competitive games, and also been reading about ranking in general, and I've been wondering why Blizzard can't just display our true MMR in the ladder/profile section.

Because then people like me would exploit the ladder system by reverse engineering how everything affects my mmr. It's for security reasons.


And even supposing you found a foolproof way of getting a high MMR how would this benefit you in any way?

You could pay a pro to play on your account to get a high MMR right now ... and then you would lose a lot with no benefit whatsoever.

The only monetary benefit is if you can get high enough to enter Blizzard's tournament based on ladder ranking but even then you need to be able to beat the players in the tournament to actually gain anything (and again, you could just pay off a pro to do that now).

The fact is the only way to increase MMR is to win and at some point, unless you are hacking the game itself, knowing how the MMR system works doesn't allow you to get very high without beating a bunch of good players.
Prev 1 5 6 7 8 9 11 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 1h 9m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
UpATreeSC 240
JuggernautJason125
Railgan 76
BRAT_OK 71
ForJumy 46
StarCraft: Brood War
Rain 2454
Horang2 742
Shuttle 570
Free 86
NaDa 17
League of Legends
rGuardiaN57
Heroes of the Storm
Liquid`Hasu569
Other Games
Grubby5266
FrodaN1806
fl0m1040
shahzam457
Pyrionflax199
Mew2King84
ArmadaUGS80
Maynarde61
ZombieGrub59
Organizations
Other Games
BasetradeTV99
Algost 5
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 18 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• Hupsaiya 50
• Adnapsc2 27
• davetesta12
• sooper7s
• Migwel
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• intothetv
• IndyKCrew
• Kozan
StarCraft: Brood War
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
• BSLYoutube
League of Legends
• imaqtpie2921
• TFBlade1049
Other Games
• WagamamaTV377
• Shiphtur323
• Scarra280
Upcoming Events
Replay Cast
1h 9m
WardiTV Korean Royale
14h 9m
OSC
19h 9m
Replay Cast
1d 1h
Replay Cast
1d 11h
Kung Fu Cup
1d 14h
Classic vs Solar
herO vs Cure
Reynor vs GuMiho
ByuN vs ShoWTimE
Tenacious Turtle Tussle
2 days
The PondCast
2 days
RSL Revival
2 days
Solar vs Zoun
MaxPax vs Bunny
Kung Fu Cup
2 days
[ Show More ]
WardiTV Korean Royale
2 days
PiGosaur Monday
3 days
RSL Revival
3 days
Classic vs Creator
Cure vs TriGGeR
Kung Fu Cup
3 days
CranKy Ducklings
4 days
RSL Revival
4 days
herO vs Gerald
ByuN vs SHIN
Kung Fu Cup
4 days
BSL 21
4 days
Tarson vs Julia
Doodle vs OldBoy
eOnzErG vs WolFix
StRyKeR vs Aeternum
Sparkling Tuna Cup
5 days
RSL Revival
5 days
Reynor vs sOs
Maru vs Ryung
Kung Fu Cup
5 days
WardiTV Korean Royale
5 days
BSL 21
5 days
JDConan vs Semih
Dragon vs Dienmax
Tech vs NewOcean
TerrOr vs Artosis
Wardi Open
6 days
Monday Night Weeklies
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Proleague 2025-11-07
Stellar Fest: Constellation Cup
Eternal Conflict S1

Ongoing

C-Race Season 1
IPSL Winter 2025-26
KCM Race Survival 2025 Season 4
SOOP Univ League 2025
YSL S2
BSL Season 21
IEM Chengdu 2025
PGL Masters Bucharest 2025
Thunderpick World Champ.
CS Asia Championships 2025
ESL Pro League S22
StarSeries Fall 2025
FISSURE Playground #2
BLAST Open Fall 2025
BLAST Open Fall Qual

Upcoming

SLON Tour Season 2
BSL 21 Non-Korean Championship
Acropolis #4
IPSL Spring 2026
HSC XXVIII
RSL Offline Finals
WardiTV 2025
RSL Revival: Season 3
META Madness #9
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026: Closed Qualifier
eXTREMESLAND 2025
ESL Impact League Season 8
SL Budapest Major 2025
BLAST Rivals Fall 2025
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.