• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 12:13
CEST 18:13
KST 01:13
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
[ASL22] Ro24 Preview: Summer's End0Serral wins HomeStory Cup 2915Serral wins Maestros of the Game 243ByuL, and the Limitations of Standard Play3Team Liquid Map Contest #22: Results and Winners7
Community News
GSTL Returns in 2026!41Weekly Cups (Aug 3-9): Protoss get shut out7RSL goes to London! 2026 Offline Finals Nov 21-2212Weekly Cups (July 27-Aug 2): SHIN's big week0SC4ALL II: Brood War - $2500 - Dec 5-611
StarCraft 2
General
GSTL Returns in 2026! Balance hotfix patch 5.0.16b (July 16) SC4ALL: II Talent Announcement! Protoss AoE skill expression Weekly Cups (Aug 3-9): Protoss get shut out
Tourneys
PIG STY FESTIVAL 8.0! (13 - 23 August) 2026 KungFu Cup Announcement Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament 2026 GSTL Announcement Sea Duckling Open (Global, Bronze-Diamond)
Strategy
[G] Having the right mentality to improve
Custom Maps
Nexus Wars 2021 GUIDE [M] (2) Industrial Park
External Content
Mutation # 538 Media Blackout The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 537 Hostile Territory Mutation # 536 Railroad Switch
Brood War
General
StarCraft 64 is coming to Philly at SC4ALL II BW General Discussion Best Games Kespa era [ASL22] Ro24 Preview: Summer's End Your past clans
Tourneys
CSLAN 4 is Coming! [ASL22] Ro24 Group A Small VOD Thread 2.0 Escore Tournament - Season 3
Strategy
Odyssey Mineral Stack Saturation Fighting Spirit mining rates Any training maps people recommend? Simple Questions, Simple Answers
Other Games
General Games
General RTS Discussion Thread Nintendo Switch Thread Anyone here play Quakeworld back in the day? Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread EVE Corporation
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
[TL LoL EUW IHs] Teemo shall perish TSM pausing esports and CLG Dead
Heroes of the Storm
Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Power Rank TL Mafia Community Thread NeO.D_StephenKing vs This Guy From 1 Million Dance
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Artificial Intelligence Thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread European Politico-economics QA Mega-thread The Letting Off Steam Thread
Fan Clubs
MarineLorD Fan Club The ShoWTimE Fan Club The herO Fan Club!
Media & Entertainment
Movie Discussion! Anime Discussion Thread Series you have seen recently... [Req][Books] Good Fantasy/SciFi books
Sports
MLB/Baseball 2023 Football (Soccer) Thread TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 NBA General Discussion Formula 1 Discussion
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread Simple Questions Simple Answers FPS when play League Of Legend on laptop
TL Community
The Automated Ban List Northern Ireland Global Starcraft
Blogs
LOCKPICKING NOOB
LUCKY_NOOB
Chinese Gen Z: Between Dream…
TrAiDoS
Cathedral Of CS And NY pizza a…
FuDDx
Please support my new stand…
Peanutsc
Hello guys!
LIN1s
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 8427 users

A Treatise on the Economy of SCII - Page 3

Forum Index > Legacy of the Void
761 CommentsPost a Reply
Prev 1 2 3 4 5 37 38 39 Next All
I have received requests on how to try the model out: Search "Double Harvesting (TeamLiquid)" by ZeromuS as an Extension Mod in HotS Custom Games to try it out.

Email your replays of your games on DH to: LegacyEconomyTest@gmail.com might have partnership with a replay website soon as well

In Game Group: Double Harvest
Ribbon
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
United States5278 Posts
April 11 2015 22:36 GMT
#41
Double mining sounds worth a try, but I'm still interested in seeing some tweaks with the half-patch approach.

For instance, we could have half patch/double patch, with 750 in some patches and 3000 in others. Which would actually increase total minerals per base while causing saturation to slowly decrease. That would make not expanding more viable (you'd still be "punished" instead of "rewarded" but that's a stupid distinction since it's a zero-sum game).
KelsierSC
Profile Blog Joined March 2013
United Kingdom10443 Posts
April 11 2015 22:42 GMT
#42
whenever I see stuff like this I wonder if they are trying to make the game "better" or are they trying to make it "brood war".
I still really enjoy watching Starcraft 2 and the beta looks really cool from what i've seen.
Zerg for Life
hewo
Profile Joined March 2011
Norway119 Posts
April 11 2015 22:43 GMT
#43
On April 12 2015 07:36 Teoita wrote:
The whole point is that the raw difference, about 100 minerals per minute, is the same no matter what the zoom out is...


But isn't the point of a graph is to visualize the data, which, as you say, is the same no matter the zoom? How the data comes across through the visualization, however, changes greatly based on the zoom level, right? I'm asking out of actual curiosity and not to be cocky...

I'm not gonna state again that I do understand what you are doing and why. I am yet to get confirmation that you understand what I mean, though. Do you? Am I making sense? :s

I didn't think this would be such a big deal to me but alas...
Aligulac accomplice | Go Liquid´Snute!! | BBTV
Teoita
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
Italy12247 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-11 22:44:40
April 11 2015 22:43 GMT
#44
The point of that graph is to show that there is a difference, not that it's massive (it isn't, hence the rest of the article)
ModeratorProtoss all-ins are like a wok. You can throw whatever you want in there and it will turn out alright.
MobiusBread
Profile Joined January 2015
2 Posts
April 11 2015 22:44 GMT
#45
The first graph under the section "The Impact of the Current Mineral Efficiency Model in SCII" should make a clearer distinction between the 1 base and 2 base scenarios. Specifically, the 2 base 16 workers should note that the 16 workers are spread evenly across the 2 available bases, as was done in the graph that follows it immediately.

"Maynarde" (under the double mining graph) should be "Maynard", without the extra e at the end.

I would suggest an in-game visual aid for understanding the worker paired economy: "In a worker paired economy, equal workers on a similar mineral count will result in the same level of income"... the picture shows the number of bases alongside a picture of a probe and 2 mineral nodes, but should make note of the fact that having paired workers spread through 24 mineral nodes provides the same income as non-paired workers spread through 48 mineral nodes (any in-between cases are less important to illustrate the point).

===

While the focus of this article appears to be on resource collection rates, I should mention an additional consequence of reduced-efficiency models in the de-valuing of workers that operate below 100% efficiency. That is to say, in the case of having 16 workers on 8 mineral nodes, if all workers after the 8th work at below 100% efficiency, the impact of losing those additional (#9~16) workers within a single mining base is dampened. This would require additional considerations on the value of worker harassment, as well as the ability of players "behind" on workers to make comebacks, due to the reduced benefits of having a stronger worker force while on a similar number of bases. It provides a possible approach for slowing the snowball effect of economic discrepancies: making the greatest use of additional workers requires taking more bases, with the resulting increases in vulnerability, giving players who are behind in worker count ways to come back. The player with more workers can also choose not to expand as much, resulting in a safer but smaller advantage. Considerations for race, personal style, and map architecture are thus in play as well.
Bloody
Profile Joined March 2009
Sweden194 Posts
April 11 2015 22:48 GMT
#46
This would make a good game an awesome game! Very nice thread!
ZeromuS
Profile Blog Joined October 2010
Canada13410 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-11 22:53:40
April 11 2015 22:51 GMT
#47
On April 12 2015 07:43 hewo wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 12 2015 07:36 Teoita wrote:
The whole point is that the raw difference, about 100 minerals per minute, is the same no matter what the zoom out is...


But isn't the point of a graph is to visualize the data, which, as you say, is the same no matter the zoom? How the data comes across through the visualization, however, changes greatly based on the zoom level, right? I'm asking out of actual curiosity and not to be cocky...

I'm not gonna state again that I do understand what you are doing and why. I am yet to get confirmation that you understand what I mean, though. Do you? Am I making sense? :s

I didn't think this would be such a big deal to me but alas...


I made the graph.

To make a line graph is unneccesary. I am trying to simply reinforce the text above it with an image. It is presented in the context of the text, not standalone.

I agree that the zoomin may look disproportionate, for this reason i decided to add the data labels to the bars.

I agree that on its own if you completely ignore the Y axis it looks skewed. I agree if you ignore the text time image is easy to take out of context.

There is however no better way to show two different numbers one compared to another than through a bar chart.

So, lets say i do a pie chart - thats not helpful at all. The area graph is also not helpful nor is a line graph because i am not showing a trend, i am simply showing a state - a single period of time.

Due to the fact that the graphs are so similar in height with a large Y axis, you wouldn't see it very well.

If i was comparing multiple base worker counts over time as a comparison over time i would have used either a bar graph with 2 bars, or I would have used an area graph.

the bar chart is the best way to show this visually. And i tried to deal with the zoom in disproportionate presentations through 1) data labels 2) the text surrounding the image.

I felt it was perfectly fine, in context to use this image. So I did. Hope that answers your questions.

While the focus of this article appears to be on resource collection rates, I should mention an additional consequence of reduced-efficiency models in the de-valuing of workers that operate below 100% efficiency. That is to say, in the case of having 16 workers on 8 mineral nodes, if all workers after the 8th work at below 100% efficiency, the impact of losing those additional (#9~16) workers within a single mining base is dampened. This would require additional considerations on the value of worker harassment, as well as the ability of players "behind" on workers to make comebacks, due to the reduced benefits of having a stronger worker force while on a similar number of bases. It provides a possible approach for slowing the snowball effect of economic discrepancies: making the greatest use of additional workers requires taking more bases, with the resulting increases in vulnerability, giving players who are behind in worker count ways to come back. The player with more workers can also choose not to expand as much, resulting in a safer but smaller advantage. Considerations for race, personal style, and map architecture are thus in play as well.


I believe I do discuss this point at some point, or at least the devaluing of workers and greater comeback potential as well.
StrategyRTS forever | @ZeromuS_plays | www.twitch.tv/Zeromus_
hewo
Profile Joined March 2011
Norway119 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-11 22:55:15
April 11 2015 22:53 GMT
#48
On April 12 2015 07:43 Teoita wrote:
The point of that graph is to show that there is a difference, not that it's massive (it isn't, hence the rest of the article)


You keep repeating yourself, as if you just want me to shut up...?

I'm disappointed that, considering the time spent in the article, you are reluctant to take 3 minutes of your time to give me a serious reply that answers my questions/points.

As I have said I'm not expecting you to polish my shoes or whatever, I just want a replay that actually takes what I say into account and gives me a satisfying answer.

Edit:
I guess the post abov is what I'm after, thanks will read now
Aligulac accomplice | Go Liquid´Snute!! | BBTV
Cricketer12
Profile Blog Joined May 2012
United States14000 Posts
April 11 2015 22:54 GMT
#49
On April 12 2015 05:58 ZeromuS wrote:
I really hope people take the time to read this entire article. In it I break down the HotS economy, the LotV economy, and I provide what is truly more "BW-like" an economy that the TL strat team would love to see at least get a chance in LotV Beta.

Its a long beta.

Give other economic models a chance. Player influenced expansion based gameplay is we believe, a far better approach than time influenced expansion based gameplay.

Thanks for reading this huge thing, we spent a LOT of time on.

by this you are referring to the premise of adding more and more bases to gain an economic meaningful advantage whereas in HotS after 3 bases it doesnt really matter correct, maybe you did say this in the article, I only skimmed it, but how exactly do we go about incorporating that in SC2? I ask this not because I am necessarily choosing one system over another but because, as you have mentioned it is a long beta. Making extreme changes will lead to the best result not simple number changes...or else we get the infestor fiasco from hots beta (we makin fungal range 9, next week nope that was too weak lets make it 10, nope thats too weak lets make it 11, nope thats too weak lets make it 10 etc)
Engage, Zero target Engage, Engage, Kagari target Engage, Engage.
ZeromuS
Profile Blog Joined October 2010
Canada13410 Posts
April 11 2015 22:56 GMT
#50
On April 12 2015 07:54 Cricketer12 wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 12 2015 05:58 ZeromuS wrote:
I really hope people take the time to read this entire article. In it I break down the HotS economy, the LotV economy, and I provide what is truly more "BW-like" an economy that the TL strat team would love to see at least get a chance in LotV Beta.

Its a long beta.

Give other economic models a chance. Player influenced expansion based gameplay is we believe, a far better approach than time influenced expansion based gameplay.

Thanks for reading this huge thing, we spent a LOT of time on.

by this you are referring to the premise of adding more and more bases to gain an economic meaningful advantage whereas in HotS after 3 bases it doesnt really matter correct, maybe you did say this in the article, I only skimmed it, but how exactly do we go about incorporating that in SC2? I ask this not because I am necessarily choosing one system over another but because, as you have mentioned it is a long beta. Making extreme changes will lead to the best result not simple number changes...or else we get the infestor fiasco from hots beta (we makin fungal range 9, next week nope that was too weak lets make it 10, nope thats too weak lets make it 11, nope thats too weak lets make it 10 etc)


Yes. I am saying it will encourage more expansions to gain more meaningful economic advantages. Correct. That is the whole point of the article, I would suggest you read all of it or at least the parts about breaking the worker pair and the double harvest sections. How its done, read those sections and you will get an idea of how we did it without having direct access to the AI.
StrategyRTS forever | @ZeromuS_plays | www.twitch.tv/Zeromus_
LloydRays
Profile Joined October 2010
United States306 Posts
April 11 2015 22:56 GMT
#51
I wanted to address an opinion on the worker pull problem with the double harvest method.

What would the impacts be if the workers had the ability to slowly 'gather and hold' minerals?

Could this make it possible to mitigate the costs of a proxy by allowing 'mini trips' to avoid early attacking forces, or the ability to stop with half a payload to fight off a rush?
hewo
Profile Joined March 2011
Norway119 Posts
April 11 2015 22:57 GMT
#52
On April 12 2015 07:56 LloydRays wrote:
I wanted to address an opinion on the worker pull problem with the double harvest method.

What would the impacts be if the workers had the ability to slowly 'gather and hold' minerals?

Could this make it possible to mitigate the costs of a proxy by allowing 'mini trips' to avoid early attacking forces, or the ability to stop with half a payload to fight off a rush?


Age of Empires-style, I like it.
Aligulac accomplice | Go Liquid´Snute!! | BBTV
Survivor61316
Profile Joined July 2012
United States470 Posts
April 11 2015 22:58 GMT
#53
Awesome article guys! Very well written and researched! I have to admit I was originally all for the "double mining method" (like the one used in Starbow), but now I am all for the double harvesting method. I really don't see any drawbacks to it, particularly when compared to the current SC2 economy
Liquid Fighting
ZeromuS
Profile Blog Joined October 2010
Canada13410 Posts
April 11 2015 23:01 GMT
#54
On April 12 2015 07:56 LloydRays wrote:
I wanted to address an opinion on the worker pull problem with the double harvest method.

What would the impacts be if the workers had the ability to slowly 'gather and hold' minerals?

Could this make it possible to mitigate the costs of a proxy by allowing 'mini trips' to avoid early attacking forces, or the ability to stop with half a payload to fight off a rush?


This is exactly what double harvest does. The workers will hold 5 minerals if you interrupt them on the second mining half.

Double Mining does not hold minerals.

Double Harvest does.

You can't tell them to hold them individually, as minerals are not mined at a rate of 1/x.x seconds in sc2. The mineral field actually defines how many minerals workers take. So two harvests is the only way to address this issue and that is exactly why we like it and what we recommended

I think you might have stopped reading too early
StrategyRTS forever | @ZeromuS_plays | www.twitch.tv/Zeromus_
purakushi
Profile Joined August 2012
United States3302 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-11 23:03:36
April 11 2015 23:02 GMT
#55
Can this be put on the TL frontpage Community News or Featured Articles?

Definitely deserves it
T P Z sagi
Weavel
Profile Joined January 2010
Finland9223 Posts
April 11 2015 23:06 GMT
#56
It's on the front page now. Really interesting article. Will read it more thoroughly tomorrow.
Life/Seed//Mvp/NaNiwa fighting! ZeNEX forever!
JaKaTaKSc2
Profile Blog Joined March 2011
United States2787 Posts
April 11 2015 23:10 GMT
#57
There is nothing more important in Sc2 IMO. Worker pairing as it is needs to go.
Commentatorhttps://www.youtube.com/JaKaTaKtv
LloydRays
Profile Joined October 2010
United States306 Posts
April 11 2015 23:11 GMT
#58
On April 12 2015 08:01 ZeromuS wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 12 2015 07:56 LloydRays wrote:
+ Show Spoiler +
I wanted to address an opinion on the worker pull problem with the double harvest method.

What would the impacts be if the workers had the ability to slowly 'gather and hold' minerals?

Could this make it possible to mitigate the costs of a proxy by allowing 'mini trips' to avoid early attacking forces, or the ability to stop with half a payload to fight off a rush?


This is exactly what double harvest does. The workers will hold 5 minerals if you interrupt them on the second mining half.

Double Mining does not hold minerals.

Double Harvest does.

You can't tell them to hold them individually, as minerals are not mined at a rate of 1/x.x seconds in sc2. The mineral field actually defines how many minerals workers take. So two harvests is the only way to address this issue and that is exactly why we like it and what we recommended

I think you might have stopped reading too early


Ah I thought the paragraph between the two clips was just a caption lol
avilo
Profile Blog Joined November 2007
United States4100 Posts
April 11 2015 23:12 GMT
#59
This needs to be tested. By blizzard. During the beta. We need to push for this.
Sup
y0su
Profile Blog Joined September 2011
Finland7871 Posts
April 11 2015 23:13 GMT
#60
On April 12 2015 07:04 ZeromuS wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 12 2015 06:51 y0su wrote:
The double harvest method just seems... "unnatural"

Just curious, what kind of impact would it have if all expansions (after natural) were gold? (6 patch). Worker pairing would mean you'd get optimal harvesting at 12 instead of 16 so your 4 base model would be 51 on minerals (24 on gas). 16+16+12+7 would be better? (perhaps the gold mineral return per trip and overall resources per gold patch could be modified as needed)

edit:maths fail


You want to try and have income match the existing sc2 income as much as possible as the number of workers stabilise in both income models.

6 gold income is probably too much on too few workers, and its going to throw mineral:gas ratios out of whack.

The other issue is it doesn't fundamentally attack the 2:1 worker ration in SC2.

Sure you can have more bases but you effectively have the same issue. There is some optimal count of mineral patches to probes in a 2:1 ratio. So maybe instead of 3 bases, you cap out at 4.

In the end you want to remove the cap as much as possible, so that players cannot just sit on some "optimal" base count.

This is the same reason the 6 patch 1 gas FRB approach from before won't work. You cap out at 24 mineral patches if you want less than 80+ workers. If you plan to make between 65 and 75 workers there is ZERO benefit to ever having more than 24 mineral patches available to you at any given time in game. Ever.

If you remove pairing, then the theoretical cap is 48 mineral patches. The theoretical cap for mineral income goes from 3 bases to 6. When the "im gonna sit and turtle up and have the same income as you" number of bases is 6 instead of 3, then pure turtling gets very very hard.


But isn't the end result is still an "optimal base count" (whatever system you use - be it 3 base, 4 base or 10 base). Again, I reiterate that doing something like all gold after nat would probably require a tweak to the gold mining amount (and patch value) to mimic the current 16 worker count.
I do see where this could cause timing issues where you're able to essentially fully saturate a 3rd quicker...

Also, since both the double mining and double harvest methods increase overall mining (due to fewer worker trips) couldn't the mining time get a slight increase to keep income relatively unchanged?

Prev 1 2 3 4 5 37 38 39 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
IPSL
16:00
CSLAN Day 2
Liquipedia
PiG Sty Festival
12:00
PiGfest 8.0 Group D
PiGStarcraft1529
IntoTheiNu 886
ComeBackTV 591
IndyStarCraft 206
Rex132
BRAT_OK 116
3DClanTV 112
LiquipediaDiscussion
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
PiGStarcraft1529
IndyStarCraft 206
Rex 132
BRAT_OK 116
SHIN 31
EmSc Tv 12
StarCraft: Brood War
Mong 99
Sexy 64
ZZZero.O 48
soO 48
Free 37
zelot 26
Bale 25
scan(afreeca) 22
Rock 21
Sacsri 12
[ Show more ]
NaDa 12
ivOry 6
Noble 5
Britney 0
Dota 2
qojqva4539
Counter-Strike
fl0m5463
ScreaM1733
kRYSTAL_355
Super Smash Bros
Mew2King191
Chillindude26
Other Games
singsing1519
Liquid`RaSZi1067
B2W.Neo899
Beastyqt13
Organizations
StarCraft 2
TaKeTV 309
EmSc Tv 12
EmSc2Tv 12
[ Show 14 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• Migwel
StarCraft: Brood War
• HerbMon 32
• Michael_bg 10
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• WagamamaTV1142
League of Legends
• Jankos1881
• Nemesis1319
Other Games
• Shiphtur254
Upcoming Events
OSC
7h 47m
Afreeca Starleague
17h 47m
Rush vs Hm
Bisu vs Shuttle
WardiTV Weekly
18h 47m
The Patches Monday
23h 47m
Afreeca Starleague
1d 17h
Sharp vs Shinee
Action vs Shine
GSL
1d 18h
PiGosaur Cup
2 days
Replay Cast
2 days
Afreeca Starleague
2 days
BeSt vs Paralyze
Jaedong vs Speed
Kung Fu Cup
2 days
[ Show More ]
Replay Cast
3 days
The PondCast
3 days
KCM Race Survival
3 days
Replay Cast
4 days
PiG Sty Festival
4 days
CranKy Ducklings
5 days
PiG Sty Festival
5 days
Sparkling Tuna Cup
6 days
PiG Sty Festival
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Escore Tournament S3: W7
CranK Gathers Season 4: BW vs SC2 Team League
Eternal Conflict S2 Finale

Ongoing

KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 3
K-JUNGMAN
Acropolis #5
CSLAN 4
RSL Revival: Season 6
PiG Sty Festival 8.0
META DYMY #4
Esports World Cup 2026
Esports World Cup 2026: LCQ
BLAST Bounty Summer 2026
BLAST Bounty Summer Qual
Stake Ranked Episode 3
XSE Pro League 2026
IEM Cologne Major 2026

Upcoming

ASL Season 22
CSL Season 22: Qualifier 1
Escore Tournament S3: W8
CSL Season 22: Qualifier 2
CSL 2026 AUTUMN (S22)
Acropolis #5 - TRS
Blizzard Classic Cup 2026
HSC XXX
SC4ALL II: StarCraft II
Kung Fu Cup 2026 Grand Finals
RSL Offline Finals
Big Dog Cup 2026 Div 1
Stake Ranked Episode 5
PGL Masters Bucharest 2026
Thunderpick World Champ. '26
ESL Pro League Season 24
Stake Ranked Episode 4
1win Private Club #1
Logitech G Connect 2026
SL StarSeries Fall 2026
FISSURE Playground #5
BLAST Open Fall 2026
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.