• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EST 14:34
CET 20:34
KST 04:34
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
SC2 All-Star Invitational: Tournament Preview5RSL Revival - 2025 Season Finals Preview8RSL Season 3 - Playoffs Preview0RSL Season 3 - RO16 Groups C & D Preview0RSL Season 3 - RO16 Groups A & B Preview2
Community News
BSL Season 2025 - Full Overview and Conclusion6Weekly Cups (Jan 5-11): Clem wins big offline, Trigger upsets4$21,000 Rongyi Cup Season 3 announced (Jan 22-Feb 7)16Weekly Cups (Dec 29-Jan 4): Protoss rolls, 2v2 returns7[BSL21] Non-Korean Championship - Starts Jan 105
StarCraft 2
General
Stellar Fest "01" Jersey Charity Auction SC2 All-Star Invitational: Tournament Preview Weekly Cups (Jan 5-11): Clem wins big offline, Trigger upsets When will we find out if there are more tournament SC2 Spotted on the EWC 2026 list?
Tourneys
SC2 All-Star Invitational: Jan 17-18 Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament SC2 AI Tournament 2026 $21,000 Rongyi Cup Season 3 announced (Jan 22-Feb 7) OSC Season 13 World Championship
Strategy
Simple Questions Simple Answers
Custom Maps
Map Editor closed ?
External Content
Mutation # 509 Doomsday Report Mutation # 508 Violent Night Mutation # 507 Well Trained Mutation # 506 Warp Zone
Brood War
General
[ASL21] Potential Map Candidates BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ Video Footage from 2005: The Birth of G2 in Spain BW General Discussion BSL Season 2025 - Full Overview and Conclusion
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [BSL21] Non-Korean Championship - Starts Jan 10 Small VOD Thread 2.0 Azhi's Colosseum - Season 2
Strategy
Soma's 9 hatch build from ASL Game 2 Simple Questions, Simple Answers Game Theory for Starcraft Current Meta
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Beyond All Reason Awesome Games Done Quick 2026! Nintendo Switch Thread Mechabellum
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Vanilla Mini Mafia Mafia Game Mode Feedback/Ideas
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Canadian Politics Mega-thread European Politico-economics QA Mega-thread
Fan Clubs
The IdrA Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread [Manga] One Piece
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
My 2025 Magic: The Gathering…
DARKING
Physical Exercise (HIIT) Bef…
TrAiDoS
Life Update and thoughts.
FuDDx
How do archons sleep?
8882
James Bond movies ranking - pa…
Topin
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 2302 users

Question about twin paradox

Forum Index > General Forum
Post a Reply
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next All
proberecall
Profile Joined August 2009
United States104 Posts
July 21 2011 15:44 GMT
#1
I was thinking about it this morning. So we all know the twin paradox, one twin stays on Earth and the other one travels in a spaceship at a speed close to the speed of light, the one on Earth grows old and the one in the spaceship is still young and alive.

My question is: what happens if they both carry a cellphone and they keep in constant communication? My guess is that since the waves travel at the speed of light, the signal would be discrete and would frequently break, until it gets to a point where the Earth twin dies and no longer sends a signal.

Am I right or too far with this?
Jombozeus
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
China1014 Posts
July 21 2011 15:49 GMT
#2
Well, your signal would take a near-infinite amount of time to reach your twin if hes traveling at near the speed of light.

In other words, its probably just not going to reach him within his lifetime after 2 days if hes traveling at 99% speed of light. Just do the math.
AmericanUmlaut
Profile Blog Joined November 2010
Germany2589 Posts
July 21 2011 15:57 GMT
#3
You won't be able to communicate with a cellphone, because of the difference in the rate at which time would pass for the two. Also you'd be red- or blue-shifting the cell signal something fierce.

I guess I don't understand the point of the thought experiment, though. What about the situation is changed in an interesting way by having the two individuals in contact?
The frumious Bandersnatch
Nawyria
Profile Joined July 2010
Netherlands140 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-07-21 16:07:03
July 21 2011 16:02 GMT
#4
The Lorentz transformation in flat space-time is a continuous transformation, so the signal will not be discrete; however, the signal will be distorted due to the relativistic doppler-effect.
Name the twin that stays on earth twin A and the travelling one twin B; assume further that they communicate by way of a continuous stream of light that varies mildly in wavelength around 550 nanometres (yellow).

1B) As twin B moves away from the earth at high speed, the relativistic doppler-effect redshifts the light signal, the signals he receives are in the red or infrared. He will also receive the signals at a lower pace due to the fact the light signals have to catch up to him, and thus the intensity will be much lower and the transmitted message plays very slowly.
2B) Just after twin B reverses his direction of travel (which we will assume he does instantly), all the signals he has been travelling ahead of will catch up to him in a very short amount of time. Since twin B is now travelling towards earth, the signals will be blueshifted and the signals he receives are in the blue, ultraviolet or beyond. He will now receive the signals at a much much higher pace, so the intensity will be much higher and the transmitted message plays extremely fast.
3B) After this short burst has passed and twin B is travelling back towards the earth, we are in the inverse of situation 1B. The light signals are blueshifted (as in 2B), the intensity is higher (though not as high in 2B) and the message players faster (though not as fast as in 2B).

1A) After twin A says his farewell to twin B, he will receive messages at a very slow pace, with the same redshift, intensity and message speed as in 1B.
2A) As twin B nears earth, all the messages that he has sent since turning around will reach earth in a very short fashion, much like what happens in 2B, only the intensity will be even higher.

Edit: Assuming the distances are vast enough for twin A to die as twin B is travelling, it depends on the speed of twin B whether he receives words of twin A's death as he is travelling or soon after he turns around. The faster twin B travels, the less messages he will receive before turning around, thus increasing the chance he will hear of it after he turns around.
iNSiPiD1
Profile Joined May 2010
United States140 Posts
July 21 2011 16:03 GMT
#5
If you assumed that they were actually able to keep in touch in real-time, which as others have pointed out is not possible with a cell phone, then yes, the twin on the spaceship would simply listen to the twin on earth die way before he dies.
"What is asserted without reason, may be denied without reason."
nam nam
Profile Joined June 2010
Sweden4672 Posts
July 21 2011 16:06 GMT
#6
On July 22 2011 01:03 iNSiPiD1 wrote:
If you assumed that they were actually able to keep in touch in real-time, which as others have pointed out is not possible with a cell phone, then yes, the twin on the spaceship would simply listen to the twin on earth die way before he dies.


What if the twin on earth get hit by a car?
skunk_works
Profile Joined April 2011
United States109 Posts
July 21 2011 16:07 GMT
#7
how does traveling at the speed of light keep you from getting old?
japro
Profile Joined August 2010
172 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-07-21 16:19:05
July 21 2011 16:11 GMT
#8
You'd observe a massive doppler effect. Simply put, the cell phone signal is shifted to the "long end" of the electromagnetic spectrum while your twin is traveling away from you (the signal is received "slower" than it was sent) and to the short end when he is returning. Also there are additional effects due to the acceleration and deceleration at the turning point (which is what makes the paradox work in the first place since the twin has to change the inertial frame there).

Aside from that I don't see why it wouldn't be possible to communicate with any kind of radio transmission (like a cell phone). Relativistic corrections have to be taken into account even at way lower velocities/acceleration differences. GPS satellites for example are essentially clocks and their signal has to be corrected for relativistic effects to obtain correct coordinates.
So there is no "physical" reason why you shouldn't be able to communicate. A cellphone just wouldn't work for technical reasons.
oxidized
Profile Blog Joined January 2009
United States324 Posts
July 21 2011 16:12 GMT
#9
On July 22 2011 01:07 skunk_works wrote:
how does traveling at the speed of light keep you from getting old?
This is from Einstein's theory of relativity. You can read about it.
iNSiPiD1
Profile Joined May 2010
United States140 Posts
July 21 2011 16:15 GMT
#10
On July 22 2011 01:06 nam nam wrote:
Show nested quote +
On July 22 2011 01:03 iNSiPiD1 wrote:
If you assumed that they were actually able to keep in touch in real-time, which as others have pointed out is not possible with a cell phone, then yes, the twin on the spaceship would simply listen to the twin on earth die way before he dies.


What if the twin on earth get hit by a car?


If the twin on earth gets hit by a car then the twin on earth gets hit by a car.

I think that answer the question?
"What is asserted without reason, may be denied without reason."
AmericanUmlaut
Profile Blog Joined November 2010
Germany2589 Posts
July 21 2011 16:15 GMT
#11
On July 22 2011 01:06 nam nam wrote:
Show nested quote +
On July 22 2011 01:03 iNSiPiD1 wrote:
If you assumed that they were actually able to keep in touch in real-time, which as others have pointed out is not possible with a cell phone, then yes, the twin on the spaceship would simply listen to the twin on earth die way before he dies.


What if the twin on earth get hit by a car?

Serves him right if he's talking on his cell phone instead of paying attention...
The frumious Bandersnatch
Stropheum
Profile Joined January 2010
United States1124 Posts
July 21 2011 16:22 GMT
#12
If he's traveling away from you at the speed of light, you'll literally stretch the wavelength of the frequency so thin that the signal will basically not exist, and if he's traveling at him at the speed of light, the wavelength (which only travels at the speed of sound) will first compress into a huge loud clump of static, and the rest will trail behind and have the same effect as the first.
KimJongChill
Profile Joined January 2011
United States6429 Posts
July 21 2011 16:29 GMT
#13
On July 22 2011 01:02 Nawyria wrote:
The Lorentz transformation in flat space-time is a continuous transformation, so the signal will not be discrete; however, the signal will be distorted due to the relativistic doppler-effect.
Name the twin that stays on earth twin A and the travelling one twin B; assume further that they communicate by way of a continuous stream of light that varies mildly in wavelength around 550 nanometres (yellow).

1B) As twin B moves away from the earth at high speed, the relativistic doppler-effect redshifts the light signal, the signals he receives are in the red or infrared. He will also receive the signals at a lower pace due to the fact the light signals have to catch up to him, and thus the intensity will be much lower and the transmitted message plays very slowly.
2B) Just after twin B reverses his direction of travel (which we will assume he does instantly), all the signals he has been travelling ahead of will catch up to him in a very short amount of time. Since twin B is now travelling towards earth, the signals will be blueshifted and the signals he receives are in the blue, ultraviolet or beyond. He will now receive the signals at a much much higher pace, so the intensity will be much higher and the transmitted message plays extremely fast.
3B) After this short burst has passed and twin B is travelling back towards the earth, we are in the inverse of situation 1B. The light signals are blueshifted (as in 2B), the intensity is higher (though not as high in 2B) and the message players faster (though not as fast as in 2B).

1A) After twin A says his farewell to twin B, he will receive messages at a very slow pace, with the same redshift, intensity and message speed as in 1B.
2A) As twin B nears earth, all the messages that he has sent since turning around will reach earth in a very short fashion, much like what happens in 2B, only the intensity will be even higher.

Edit: Assuming the distances are vast enough for twin A to die as twin B is travelling, it depends on the speed of twin B whether he receives words of twin A's death as he is travelling or soon after he turns around. The faster twin B travels, the less messages he will receive before turning around, thus increasing the chance he will hear of it after he turns around.


Wow, are you an astrophysicist?
MMA: U realise MMA: Most of my army EgIdra: fuck off MMA: Killed my orbital MMA: LOL MMA: just saying MMA: u werent loss
Wonderballs
Profile Joined April 2010
Canada253 Posts
July 21 2011 16:37 GMT
#14
Slow message sound by whatever the time shift is. Some crazy equation for that.... Einstein isn't just a cool name.
I thought Jesus would come back before Starcraft 2.
Nawyria
Profile Joined July 2010
Netherlands140 Posts
July 21 2011 16:42 GMT
#15
On July 22 2011 01:29 KimJongChill wrote:
Show nested quote +
On July 22 2011 01:02 Nawyria wrote:
The Lorentz transformation in flat space-time is a continuous transformation, so the signal will not be discrete; however, the signal will be distorted due to the relativistic doppler-effect.
Name the twin that stays on earth twin A and the travelling one twin B; assume further that they communicate by way of a continuous stream of light that varies mildly in wavelength around 550 nanometres (yellow).

1B) As twin B moves away from the earth at high speed, the relativistic doppler-effect redshifts the light signal, the signals he receives are in the red or infrared. He will also receive the signals at a lower pace due to the fact the light signals have to catch up to him, and thus the intensity will be much lower and the transmitted message plays very slowly.
2B) Just after twin B reverses his direction of travel (which we will assume he does instantly), all the signals he has been travelling ahead of will catch up to him in a very short amount of time. Since twin B is now travelling towards earth, the signals will be blueshifted and the signals he receives are in the blue, ultraviolet or beyond. He will now receive the signals at a much much higher pace, so the intensity will be much higher and the transmitted message plays extremely fast.
3B) After this short burst has passed and twin B is travelling back towards the earth, we are in the inverse of situation 1B. The light signals are blueshifted (as in 2B), the intensity is higher (though not as high in 2B) and the message players faster (though not as fast as in 2B).

1A) After twin A says his farewell to twin B, he will receive messages at a very slow pace, with the same redshift, intensity and message speed as in 1B.
2A) As twin B nears earth, all the messages that he has sent since turning around will reach earth in a very short fashion, much like what happens in 2B, only the intensity will be even higher.

Edit: Assuming the distances are vast enough for twin A to die as twin B is travelling, it depends on the speed of twin B whether he receives words of twin A's death as he is travelling or soon after he turns around. The faster twin B travels, the less messages he will receive before turning around, thus increasing the chance he will hear of it after he turns around.


Wow, are you an astrophysicist?

Not an astrophysicist, but just a physicist. Einstein's Theory of Relativity has interested my for the larger part of my life; I wrote a paper on visualising relativity some time ago.
proberecall
Profile Joined August 2009
United States104 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-07-21 16:49:53
July 21 2011 16:47 GMT
#16
Nawria, thank you

So I understand that cell phone wouldn't work. Does your explanation also apply for any other radio signal or any other way of keeping in communication ?

Also. Now that I see the signals are continued, if they keep talking at all times... at what point does the time difference start to notice ? meaning when does travelling twin start noticing Earth twin is growing older?
Sbrubbles
Profile Joined October 2010
Brazil5776 Posts
July 21 2011 16:52 GMT
#17
On July 22 2011 01:15 AmericanUmlaut wrote:
Show nested quote +
On July 22 2011 01:06 nam nam wrote:
On July 22 2011 01:03 iNSiPiD1 wrote:
If you assumed that they were actually able to keep in touch in real-time, which as others have pointed out is not possible with a cell phone, then yes, the twin on the spaceship would simply listen to the twin on earth die way before he dies.


What if the twin on earth get hit by a car?

Serves him right if he's talking on his cell phone instead of paying attention...


Which leads me to the conclusion that, if you have a twin in outer space traveling at close to the speed of light, you shouldn't buy a cell phone.
Bora Pain minha porra!
Nawyria
Profile Joined July 2010
Netherlands140 Posts
July 21 2011 16:55 GMT
#18
On July 22 2011 01:47 proberecall wrote:
Nawria, thank you

So I understand that cell phone wouldn't work. Does your explanation also apply for any other radio signal or any other way of keeping in communication ?

The reason cell phones wouldn't work is because the transmitters inside the phones or the large antennae we use to communicate on earth wouldn't do us any good over the vast distances involved in the twin paradox. Still, cell phones, radio's, skype calls etc. all work by means of sending electromagnatic waves, which travel at the speed of light. As long as the signal is strong enough to travel the distance without getting drowned out by background noise, the same reasoning holds as I gave for the yellow light signals.

However most messages we send through our cell phones, for example, are encoded and a doppler-shift in the wavelength of the signal may not correspond 1-to-1 with a voice message being played at a higher or lower frequency or speed. The reason I used the example of yellow light signals to communicate is so that the similarity between the doppler-shifted light and the doppler-shift we frequently hear when an ambulance speeds past us is maintained.
Blazinghand *
Profile Blog Joined December 2010
United States25557 Posts
July 21 2011 16:58 GMT
#19
On July 22 2011 01:47 proberecall wrote:
Nawria, thank you

So I understand that cell phone wouldn't work. Does your explanation also apply for any other radio signal or any other way of keeping in communication ?

Also. Now that I see the signals are continued, if they keep talking at all times... at what point does the time difference start to notice ? meaning when does travelling twin start noticing Earth twin is growing older?


They won't be able to keep talking due to the relatavistic "bend/stretch."

Imagine, if you would, a train or car going past. It goes "wweeeeeeeee-ooooooooh", with the sound being high pitched as it approaches and low pitched as it passes away. This is because of the frequency of the sound being emitted sounding different to you due to the motion of the car.

A similar, but somewhat different effect happens with "time dilation" where if I communicate, say, through a series of pulses, each pulse and the gap between each pulse becomes shorter and shorter as my reference frame moves faster and faster. This would make the establishment of some sort of communications standard very difficult, since anything using frequency would be out the window, or extremely hard to calculate.

The traveling twin would immediately start noticing the earth twin is growing older, the instant his journey had been underway, because the earth twin will be a second or two older, etc, very quickly. This sort of thing has been done with atomic clocks and it doesn't take long for them to become desynced.
When you stare into the iCCup, the iCCup stares back.
TL+ Member
Nawyria
Profile Joined July 2010
Netherlands140 Posts
July 21 2011 17:07 GMT
#20
On July 22 2011 01:58 Blazinghand wrote:
They won't be able to keep talking due to the relatavistic "bend/stretch."

Imagine, if you would, a train or car going past. It goes "wweeeeeeeee-ooooooooh", with the sound being high pitched as it approaches and low pitched as it passes away. This is because of the frequency of the sound being emitted sounding different to you due to the motion of the car.

A similar, but somewhat different effect happens with "time dilation" where if I communicate, say, through a series of pulses, each pulse and the gap between each pulse becomes shorter and shorter as my reference frame moves faster and faster. This would make the establishment of some sort of communications standard very difficult, since anything using frequency would be out the window, or extremely hard to calculate.

When considering though experiments like these, I usually idealise things and assume that communication is possible. However, practical issues do present a new variety of interesting problems as it all depends on the velocity of the travelling twin. At, say, 0.95c or 0.99c the associated γ-factor is 3.2 and 7.1 respectively and should be well within our capacity to handle. But you are more and more right when we continue adding 9's, seeing as 0.999c corresponds to γ=22.3, 0.9999c to 70.7 and it only gets much worse from there.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 26m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
mouzHeroMarine 646
IndyStarCraft 198
JuggernautJason36
Vindicta 32
StarCraft: Brood War
Calm 2276
Shuttle 696
Mini 35
910 29
Movie 17
Dota 2
Gorgc7555
qojqva3522
Counter-Strike
fl0m2838
byalli2165
Heroes of the Storm
Liquid`Hasu384
Other Games
FrodaN6971
Grubby3640
Liquid`RaSZi2668
summit1g2611
B2W.Neo943
crisheroes372
Harstem280
ToD194
ArmadaUGS145
Mew2King17
mouzStarbuck15
Railgan1
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick2566
StarCraft 2
ComeBackTV 1547
Other Games
EGCTV1247
StarCraft 2
angryscii 22
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 18 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• HeavenSC 31
• Reevou 3
• Kozan
• Laughngamez YouTube
• sooper7s
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Migwel
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
StarCraft: Brood War
• FirePhoenix13
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
• BSLYoutube
League of Legends
• Jankos3018
• TFBlade899
Other Games
• imaqtpie2278
• Shiphtur268
Upcoming Events
BSL 21
26m
Bonyth vs Sziky
Mihu vs QiaoGege
Sziky vs XuanXuan
eOnzErG vs QiaoGege
Mihu vs DuGu
Dewalt vs Bonyth
IPSL
26m
Dewalt vs Sziky
Replay Cast
13h 26m
Wardi Open
16h 26m
Monday Night Weeklies
21h 26m
OSC
1d 15h
The PondCast
2 days
OSC
2 days
Big Brain Bouts
4 days
Serral vs TBD
BSL 21
5 days
[ Show More ]
BSL 21
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Escore Tournament S1: W4
Big Gabe Cup #3
NA Kuram Kup

Ongoing

C-Race Season 1
IPSL Winter 2025-26
BSL 21 Non-Korean Championship
CSL 2025 WINTER (S19)
KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 1
OSC Championship Season 13
Underdog Cup #3
BLAST Bounty Winter Qual
eXTREMESLAND 2025
SL Budapest Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 8
BLAST Rivals Fall 2025
IEM Chengdu 2025

Upcoming

Escore Tournament S1: W5
Acropolis #4
IPSL Spring 2026
Bellum Gens Elite Stara Zagora 2026
HSC XXVIII
Rongyi Cup S3
Nations Cup 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 1
BLAST Open Spring 2026
ESL Pro League Season 23
ESL Pro League Season 23
PGL Cluj-Napoca 2026
IEM Kraków 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.