• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EST 14:00
CET 20:00
KST 04:00
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
[ASL22] Finals Preview: Sweet Victory!12[ASL22] Ro4 Preview: Mirror Mirror6[ASL22] Ro8 Preview: Within Reach5[ASL22] Ro8 Preview: In A Tizzy11[ASL22] Ro16 Preview: Holy Diver5
Community News
Weekly Cups (Oct 26 - Nov 1): MaxPax, herO, Solar win0Weekly Cups (October 19-25): Clem triples first in 5.0.175Evil Geniuses - shutting down23ISSL (IntoTheTV x SOOP SC2 League): Premier7Weekly Cups (October 12-18): 5.0.17 era begins1
StarCraft 2
General
No more SC2 streamers on team liquid? StarCraft open world shooter announced at BlizzCon [D] Hacker peak in sc2 ? Liquibets sc2 season 30 Evil Geniuses - shutting down
Tourneys
SC4ALL: II Venue Change Announcement! Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament WardiTV Mondays ISSL (IntoTheTV x SOOP SC2 League): Premier Stellar Fest TWO the Moon (Dec 16-20)
Strategy
[H] ZvP Mid-Late Game: Stalkers Collossi HT
Custom Maps
[G] How to playtest arcade maps Starcraft 2 Advance [D] the control group Simple Questions/Answers
External Content
Mutation # 551 Robotic Revival Mutation # 550 Graveyard Shift The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 549 Endless Sparkles
Brood War
General
List of top players active on ShieldBattery Rollback Netcode in Brood War Sagi.gg Launcher Released BW General Discussion [Megathread] Daily Funny Videos
Tourneys
[Megathread] Daily Proleagues [$1250] International ShieldBattery League Small VOD Thread 2.0 KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 4
Strategy
50,000-Word Terran Builds Memo 2026-10-22 Cliff Jump Revisited (1 in a 1000 strategy) Simple Questions, Simple Answers
Other Games
General Games
Nintendo Switch Thread Path of Exile Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Stratus: Battle for the sky now on steam Early acc Deus Ex 3!?
Dota 2
Dota 2 Champions League Season 3 Begins April 25!
League of Legends
[TL LoL EUW IHs] Teemo shall perish
Heroes of the Storm
Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Trading/Investing Thread Dating: How's your luck?
Fan Clubs
Fan Club Resource Thread Reynor Fan Club The Flash Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread Movie Discussion! [Manga] One Piece
Sports
Football (Soccer) Thread TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 MLB/Baseball 2023
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
Recent Gifted Posts
Blogs
Why I built Repalyzer (1.1.…
BlueStar
Innovate or Game Over?
TrAiDoS
ShieldBattery on Mac
Kraekkling
[ASL22] Ro4 Day1 Ticket Giv…
bITt.mAN
Can Bots Beat Pros?? Starcr…
namkraft
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 6813 users

US Politics Mega-thread - Page 1845

Forum Index > Closed
Post a Reply
Prev 1 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 10093 Next
Read the rules in the OP before posting, please.

In order to ensure that this thread continues to meet TL standards and follows the proper guidelines, we will be enforcing the rules in the OP more strictly. Be sure to give them a re-read to refresh your memory! The vast majority of you are contributing in a healthy way, keep it up!

NOTE: When providing a source, explain why you feel it is relevant and what purpose it adds to the discussion if it's not obvious.
Also take note that unsubstantiated tweets/posts meant only to rekindle old arguments can result in a mod action.
Millitron
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States2611 Posts
April 14 2015 18:39 GMT
#36881
On April 15 2015 03:30 TheTenthDoc wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 02:51 cLutZ wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:43 Gorsameth wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

But that wasn't the argument. The topic was not papers and studies but price and I doubt you believe that pharmaceuticals sell their drugs for lower prices on the European market out of the kindness of their heart.


They do it because the marginal cost of a pill is 4 cents and they already have massive sunk costs. The reason they invest those costs in the first place is the US market. However, that is not the #1 reason the US has the most expensive medical care.

On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.


We are, through being the only profitable (if you include front end costs) region to sell medical developments. However, the reason the "socialist" systems are cheaper is almost entirely because of rationing. The US basically gives all the healthcare to everyone very quickly. European systems are different in that they don't provide certain services, or there are waitlists for them. This basic difference accounts for somewhere between 50-80% of why US healthcare is pricier than the EU systems.


As a pharmacist who has spent six weeks in retail pharmacy calling doctors and insurance companies to get medications covered by insurance companies for the most basic of reasons, I can assure you this is not the case. Unless you mean that people can technically buy drugs out of pocket for hundreds/thousands of dollars quickly.

Do you have any experience in pharmacy in the EU? It might be worse. Instead of waiting while insurance companies drag their feet, you might wait for your turn in line.
Who called in the fleet?
Simberto
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
Germany12080 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-14 18:45:14
April 14 2015 18:43 GMT
#36882
You will never have to wait in line for drugs in a pharmacy for more that maybe 15-30 minutes on an exceedingly busy day. You might have to wait in line at a doctors office for 30-60 minutes, but that depends a lot a) on the doctor and b) what kind of problem you have. As for hospitals and very hard procedures, i luckily don't have a lot of experience with those.

You seem to have a very weird image on how healthcare works in the EU (Well technically i only know how it works in Germany)
Gorsameth
Profile Joined April 2010
Netherlands22703 Posts
April 14 2015 18:45 GMT
#36883
On April 15 2015 03:39 Millitron wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 03:30 TheTenthDoc wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:51 cLutZ wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:43 Gorsameth wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

But that wasn't the argument. The topic was not papers and studies but price and I doubt you believe that pharmaceuticals sell their drugs for lower prices on the European market out of the kindness of their heart.


They do it because the marginal cost of a pill is 4 cents and they already have massive sunk costs. The reason they invest those costs in the first place is the US market. However, that is not the #1 reason the US has the most expensive medical care.

On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.


We are, through being the only profitable (if you include front end costs) region to sell medical developments. However, the reason the "socialist" systems are cheaper is almost entirely because of rationing. The US basically gives all the healthcare to everyone very quickly. European systems are different in that they don't provide certain services, or there are waitlists for them. This basic difference accounts for somewhere between 50-80% of why US healthcare is pricier than the EU systems.


As a pharmacist who has spent six weeks in retail pharmacy calling doctors and insurance companies to get medications covered by insurance companies for the most basic of reasons, I can assure you this is not the case. Unless you mean that people can technically buy drugs out of pocket for hundreds/thousands of dollars quickly.

Do you have any experience in pharmacy in the EU? It might be worse. Instead of waiting while insurance companies drag their feet, you might wait for your turn in line.

There are no waiting lines for pharmaceuticals Oo waits are for surgeries and the likes because we only have so many surgeons and then only if there is no imminent further threat to your health.
It ignores such insignificant forces as time, entropy, and death
Paljas
Profile Joined October 2011
Germany6926 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-14 18:48:09
April 14 2015 18:47 GMT
#36884
waiting at a doctors office can take up hours.
TL+ Member
Acrofales
Profile Joined August 2010
Spain18488 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-14 18:55:42
April 14 2015 18:51 GMT
#36885
On April 15 2015 03:12 Millitron wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 02:53 Acrofales wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

What?

1. Academic research is not considered in the cost of medical spending. This is clearly covered by other government institutions (which I agree are well-funded in comparison to some other countries).
2. Pharmaceutical research is paid for in the cost of medicine world wide. The medicine that is patented in the USPTO is equally protected in Europe. Even if the patent isn't deposited in the EPO, the US patents are generally adhered to. Only countries that might not be the case are upcoming economies that are far less interested in innovation and far more interested in getting cheap medicine to their population (India is generally cited as the most egregious offender).
3. It isn't very fair to compare the US to the UK, when the US has ~320million inhabitants and the UK ~60million. If we look at per capita research production, the UK actually outperforms the US using those numbers: 300/60 = 5 papers per million inhabitants, whereas 1200/320 < 4 papers per million inhabitants.

1) Private companies perform research, including writing research papers.

2) Sure, but a single pill might only cost a few cents to make. So they don't mind too much to not make 10,000% profits in Europe since they can still get away with it in the US.

3) The US makes 40% of the world's research papers. The US does not have 40% of the world's population. I only compared to UK because I was summarizing the Forbes article.

1) Sure they do. I work for one! But the vast amount of scientific literature in all fields is produced with public money. Even when the research is performed in a company.
2) The pill itself might only cost a few cents (although given the specialized instruments and facilities, I doubt this is actually true except for the most basic and mass-produced medicines), but the reason the US pays more has nothing to do with Europe, it's because your system SUCKS and affords farmaceutical companies a strong bargaining position (because for some reason insurance companies are willing to pay anything, and then foist those costs off on consumers who cannot pay them, rather than the government mandating a bottom line of stuff insurance companies HAVE to pay for: something that the ACA does do).
3) Even if we look at percentages instead of raw numbers, it is still a false comparison, because high quality research is almost exclusively done in first world countries, and these are also the only countries worth comparing your health care system to. The costs of health care in Brazil, for instance, are irrelevant, because the average quality sucks.

Particularly medical research, which has very high costs, which developing countries cannot afford. So then you need to look at what percentage of the first world population lives in the US:

Western Europe: 400million
Australia: 25million
Japan: 130million
US: 320million

Percentage in the US: 37%. So 40% of the medical research is only very slightly above what you would expect. And most of that research is done because innovation directly benefits the local economy, not out of altruism. Countries fund research out of self-interest.

cLutZ
Profile Joined November 2010
United States19574 Posts
April 14 2015 18:59 GMT
#36886
On April 15 2015 03:45 Gorsameth wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 03:39 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:30 TheTenthDoc wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:51 cLutZ wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:43 Gorsameth wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

But that wasn't the argument. The topic was not papers and studies but price and I doubt you believe that pharmaceuticals sell their drugs for lower prices on the European market out of the kindness of their heart.


They do it because the marginal cost of a pill is 4 cents and they already have massive sunk costs. The reason they invest those costs in the first place is the US market. However, that is not the #1 reason the US has the most expensive medical care.

On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.


We are, through being the only profitable (if you include front end costs) region to sell medical developments. However, the reason the "socialist" systems are cheaper is almost entirely because of rationing. The US basically gives all the healthcare to everyone very quickly. European systems are different in that they don't provide certain services, or there are waitlists for them. This basic difference accounts for somewhere between 50-80% of why US healthcare is pricier than the EU systems.


As a pharmacist who has spent six weeks in retail pharmacy calling doctors and insurance companies to get medications covered by insurance companies for the most basic of reasons, I can assure you this is not the case. Unless you mean that people can technically buy drugs out of pocket for hundreds/thousands of dollars quickly.

Do you have any experience in pharmacy in the EU? It might be worse. Instead of waiting while insurance companies drag their feet, you might wait for your turn in line.

There are no waiting lines for pharmaceuticals Oo waits are for surgeries and the likes because we only have so many surgeons and then only if there is no imminent further threat to your health.


This is what I was referring to. Not whether it takes 15 minutes or 4 hours to get a prescription filled. Elective surgeries for chronic conditions, particularly for the elderly is where a lot of it comes from. Also hospital admittance for chronic conditions in the US is common while other countries restrict that much more.

Basically, because of the way 3rd party payer works, and the federal mandates that have been in place for decades, the United States has a lot more heathcare providers per person (there is a lot of demand, so supply has increased). The number one way other countries have kept healthcare costs down is by restricting supply (or at least, supply has not grown as fast, because it is not responsive to market forces). Thus, no proposal would actually bring US costs in line with other countries in the short term, and in the long term it would, only if the government was willing to reduce supply ala other nations.
Freeeeeeedom
GreenHorizons
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
United States24505 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-14 19:03:36
April 14 2015 19:02 GMT
#36887
http://www.msnbc.com/shift/watch/live-hillary-s-first-campaign-event-427810371862

She is not very good at her "paying attention face" but this is pretty much nailing what independents are looking for.

"Mmhhmm, Mmmhmm, Mmmhmmm" lol
"People like to look at history and think 'If that was me back then, I would have...' We're living through history, and the truth is, whatever you are doing now is probably what you would have done then" "Scratch a Liberal..."
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
April 14 2015 19:05 GMT
#36888
Err, just a comment on the drug development pipeline:

Most initial research is done in academic labs and such with significant public funding via the NIH. These are usually pretty basic studies that look at molecular interaction and very simply systems with bacteria and maybe up to mice. This stuff is *relatively* cheap (though when I worked in a lab, I probably burned through $1000+ in disposable equipment a day)

After one of these labs has a promising drug candidate, they pass it to the pharmaceutical companies. These firms take on a ton of risk to go through the FDA phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. I think the estimated success rate is like 10-20% depending on if it's a large or small molecule drug. Having to do these clinical trials with hundreds if not thousands of individuals is expensive as heck, and every drug that makes it through has to cross subsidize the failed ones. I don't think that these trials get that much funding.

There's actually an interesting intermediate between drug companies and research labs now that handles some of the mid-level testing since drug companies don't want the risk. But that's just a sidenote.

I'd hazard to guess that the US is basically paying for the rest of the world's drugs actually.You guys are like "lol yeah US system sucks", which it does, but if it didn't you guys would have to pay more for drugs. Pharma operates on a tiered pricing model, they make so much off the US that international is just gravy. If the US part got smaller, they'd look to squeeze money from elsewhere.
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
Yoav
Profile Joined March 2011
United States1874 Posts
April 14 2015 19:06 GMT
#36889
On April 15 2015 03:51 Acrofales wrote:
Western Europe: 400million
Australia: 25million
Japan: 130million
US: 320million


Yeah, I'm not getting into the silly debate going on above, but this list of numbers as a sum total of the population of the developed world is all kinds of wack. To ignore South Korea/Taiwan/Singapore on a Starcraft forum is particularly entertaining. That's 80 Million missing. Never mind Canada, Hong Kong, and the parts of the EU you're not counting that, say, the IMF does.
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
April 14 2015 19:07 GMT
#36890
On April 15 2015 03:59 cLutZ wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 03:45 Gorsameth wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:39 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:30 TheTenthDoc wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:51 cLutZ wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:43 Gorsameth wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

But that wasn't the argument. The topic was not papers and studies but price and I doubt you believe that pharmaceuticals sell their drugs for lower prices on the European market out of the kindness of their heart.


They do it because the marginal cost of a pill is 4 cents and they already have massive sunk costs. The reason they invest those costs in the first place is the US market. However, that is not the #1 reason the US has the most expensive medical care.

On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.


We are, through being the only profitable (if you include front end costs) region to sell medical developments. However, the reason the "socialist" systems are cheaper is almost entirely because of rationing. The US basically gives all the healthcare to everyone very quickly. European systems are different in that they don't provide certain services, or there are waitlists for them. This basic difference accounts for somewhere between 50-80% of why US healthcare is pricier than the EU systems.


As a pharmacist who has spent six weeks in retail pharmacy calling doctors and insurance companies to get medications covered by insurance companies for the most basic of reasons, I can assure you this is not the case. Unless you mean that people can technically buy drugs out of pocket for hundreds/thousands of dollars quickly.

Do you have any experience in pharmacy in the EU? It might be worse. Instead of waiting while insurance companies drag their feet, you might wait for your turn in line.

There are no waiting lines for pharmaceuticals Oo waits are for surgeries and the likes because we only have so many surgeons and then only if there is no imminent further threat to your health.


This is what I was referring to. Not whether it takes 15 minutes or 4 hours to get a prescription filled. Elective surgeries for chronic conditions, particularly for the elderly is where a lot of it comes from. Also hospital admittance for chronic conditions in the US is common while other countries restrict that much more.

Basically, because of the way 3rd party payer works, and the federal mandates that have been in place for decades, the United States has a lot more heathcare providers per person (there is a lot of demand, so supply has increased). The number one way other countries have kept healthcare costs down is by restricting supply (or at least, supply has not grown as fast, because it is not responsive to market forces). Thus, no proposal would actually bring US costs in line with other countries in the short term, and in the long term it would, only if the government was willing to reduce supply ala other nations.


That's not true-- the US has half the number of healthcare professionals per capita compared to other developed nations.
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
Acrofales
Profile Joined August 2010
Spain18488 Posts
April 14 2015 19:07 GMT
#36891
On April 15 2015 03:59 cLutZ wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 03:45 Gorsameth wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:39 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:30 TheTenthDoc wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:51 cLutZ wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:43 Gorsameth wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

But that wasn't the argument. The topic was not papers and studies but price and I doubt you believe that pharmaceuticals sell their drugs for lower prices on the European market out of the kindness of their heart.


They do it because the marginal cost of a pill is 4 cents and they already have massive sunk costs. The reason they invest those costs in the first place is the US market. However, that is not the #1 reason the US has the most expensive medical care.

On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.


We are, through being the only profitable (if you include front end costs) region to sell medical developments. However, the reason the "socialist" systems are cheaper is almost entirely because of rationing. The US basically gives all the healthcare to everyone very quickly. European systems are different in that they don't provide certain services, or there are waitlists for them. This basic difference accounts for somewhere between 50-80% of why US healthcare is pricier than the EU systems.


As a pharmacist who has spent six weeks in retail pharmacy calling doctors and insurance companies to get medications covered by insurance companies for the most basic of reasons, I can assure you this is not the case. Unless you mean that people can technically buy drugs out of pocket for hundreds/thousands of dollars quickly.

Do you have any experience in pharmacy in the EU? It might be worse. Instead of waiting while insurance companies drag their feet, you might wait for your turn in line.

There are no waiting lines for pharmaceuticals Oo waits are for surgeries and the likes because we only have so many surgeons and then only if there is no imminent further threat to your health.


This is what I was referring to. Not whether it takes 15 minutes or 4 hours to get a prescription filled. Elective surgeries for chronic conditions, particularly for the elderly is where a lot of it comes from. Also hospital admittance for chronic conditions in the US is common while other countries restrict that much more.

Basically, because of the way 3rd party payer works, and the federal mandates that have been in place for decades, the United States has a lot more heathcare providers per person (there is a lot of demand, so supply has increased). The number one way other countries have kept healthcare costs down is by restricting supply (or at least, supply has not grown as fast, because it is not responsive to market forces). Thus, no proposal would actually bring US costs in line with other countries in the short term, and in the long term it would, only if the government was willing to reduce supply ala other nations.


That is fine. You need to state that explicitly, though. The taboo on discussing price when discussing healthcare needs to be broken down. I think it is a reasonable position to say that in the US healthcare is inherently more expensive, because more expensive treatments (or higher risk treatments) are being paid for.

However, it needs to be made explicit. Is it really worth paying $200k more for a medicine that performs 5% better than the baseline medicine? What if it performs 100% better for 5% of the population (those with gene XYZ), but not better at all for the rest? What if it performs 50% better but only in seniors? Or only in children?

How much is a human life worth?

Those are questions that impact health care, and if the bar is higher in the US (I'm not sure it actually is), then that is a perfectly valid reason to consciously decide that it is okay to spend more. However, that discussion is always avoided, because it is basically political suicide (worldwide) to frame the discussion in this manner.
Millitron
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States2611 Posts
April 14 2015 19:09 GMT
#36892
On April 15 2015 03:51 Acrofales wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 03:12 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:53 Acrofales wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

What?

1. Academic research is not considered in the cost of medical spending. This is clearly covered by other government institutions (which I agree are well-funded in comparison to some other countries).
2. Pharmaceutical research is paid for in the cost of medicine world wide. The medicine that is patented in the USPTO is equally protected in Europe. Even if the patent isn't deposited in the EPO, the US patents are generally adhered to. Only countries that might not be the case are upcoming economies that are far less interested in innovation and far more interested in getting cheap medicine to their population (India is generally cited as the most egregious offender).
3. It isn't very fair to compare the US to the UK, when the US has ~320million inhabitants and the UK ~60million. If we look at per capita research production, the UK actually outperforms the US using those numbers: 300/60 = 5 papers per million inhabitants, whereas 1200/320 < 4 papers per million inhabitants.

1) Private companies perform research, including writing research papers.

2) Sure, but a single pill might only cost a few cents to make. So they don't mind too much to not make 10,000% profits in Europe since they can still get away with it in the US.

3) The US makes 40% of the world's research papers. The US does not have 40% of the world's population. I only compared to UK because I was summarizing the Forbes article.

1) Sure they do. I work for one! But the vast amount of scientific literature in all fields is produced with public money. Even when the research is performed in a company.
2) The pill itself might only cost a few cents (although given the specialized instruments and facilities, I doubt this is actually true except for the most basic and mass-produced medicines), but the reason the US pays more has nothing to do with Europe, it's because your system SUCKS and affords farmaceutical companies a strong bargaining position (because for some reason insurance companies are willing to pay anything, and then foist those costs off on consumers who cannot pay them, rather than the government mandating a bottom line of stuff insurance companies HAVE to pay for: something that the ACA does do).
3) Even if we look at percentages instead of raw numbers, it is still a false comparison, because high quality research is almost exclusively done in first world countries, and these are also the only countries worth comparing your health care system to. The costs of health care in Brazil, for instance, are irrelevant, because the average quality sucks.

Particularly medical research, which has very high costs, which developing countries cannot afford. So then you need to look at what percentage of the first world population lives in the US:

Western Europe: 400million
Australia: 25million
Japan: 130million
US: 320million

Percentage in the US: 37%. So 40% of the medical research is only very slightly above what you would expect. And most of that research is done because innovation directly benefits the local economy, not out of altruism. Countries fund research out of self-interest.


1) Ok? Point being what? That only supports the idea that the US subsidizes the world's research.

2) Yeah, I've said all along the system sucks. The ACA doesn't exactly help though, because it further strengthens pharmaceutical companies' bargaining position. That bottom line you mention are things insurance companies MUST cover, meaning they have no real choice but to pay whatever big pharma says. The ACA is a poor substitute for a system at either end of the spectrum; either single payer or a true free market solution.

3) Much of the research done in the EU and elsewhere is collaborative, with a great deal of help from the US. So even UK's 300 articles must count at least partially towards the US.
Who called in the fleet?
ticklishmusic
Profile Blog Joined August 2011
United States15977 Posts
April 14 2015 19:23 GMT
#36893
The White House announced on Tuesday that President Obama intends to remove Cuba from the American government’s list of nations that sponsor terrorism, eliminating a major obstacle to the restoration of diplomatic relations after decades of hostilities.


Source
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
Acrofales
Profile Joined August 2010
Spain18488 Posts
April 14 2015 19:33 GMT
#36894
On April 15 2015 04:09 Millitron wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 03:51 Acrofales wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:12 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:53 Acrofales wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

What?

1. Academic research is not considered in the cost of medical spending. This is clearly covered by other government institutions (which I agree are well-funded in comparison to some other countries).
2. Pharmaceutical research is paid for in the cost of medicine world wide. The medicine that is patented in the USPTO is equally protected in Europe. Even if the patent isn't deposited in the EPO, the US patents are generally adhered to. Only countries that might not be the case are upcoming economies that are far less interested in innovation and far more interested in getting cheap medicine to their population (India is generally cited as the most egregious offender).
3. It isn't very fair to compare the US to the UK, when the US has ~320million inhabitants and the UK ~60million. If we look at per capita research production, the UK actually outperforms the US using those numbers: 300/60 = 5 papers per million inhabitants, whereas 1200/320 < 4 papers per million inhabitants.

1) Private companies perform research, including writing research papers.

2) Sure, but a single pill might only cost a few cents to make. So they don't mind too much to not make 10,000% profits in Europe since they can still get away with it in the US.

3) The US makes 40% of the world's research papers. The US does not have 40% of the world's population. I only compared to UK because I was summarizing the Forbes article.

1) Sure they do. I work for one! But the vast amount of scientific literature in all fields is produced with public money. Even when the research is performed in a company.
2) The pill itself might only cost a few cents (although given the specialized instruments and facilities, I doubt this is actually true except for the most basic and mass-produced medicines), but the reason the US pays more has nothing to do with Europe, it's because your system SUCKS and affords farmaceutical companies a strong bargaining position (because for some reason insurance companies are willing to pay anything, and then foist those costs off on consumers who cannot pay them, rather than the government mandating a bottom line of stuff insurance companies HAVE to pay for: something that the ACA does do).
3) Even if we look at percentages instead of raw numbers, it is still a false comparison, because high quality research is almost exclusively done in first world countries, and these are also the only countries worth comparing your health care system to. The costs of health care in Brazil, for instance, are irrelevant, because the average quality sucks.

Particularly medical research, which has very high costs, which developing countries cannot afford. So then you need to look at what percentage of the first world population lives in the US:

Western Europe: 400million
Australia: 25million
Japan: 130million
US: 320million

Percentage in the US: 37%. So 40% of the medical research is only very slightly above what you would expect. And most of that research is done because innovation directly benefits the local economy, not out of altruism. Countries fund research out of self-interest.


1) Ok? Point being what? That only supports the idea that the US subsidizes the world's research.

2) Yeah, I've said all along the system sucks. The ACA doesn't exactly help though, because it further strengthens pharmaceutical companies' bargaining position. That bottom line you mention are things insurance companies MUST cover, meaning they have no real choice but to pay whatever big pharma says. The ACA is a poor substitute for a system at either end of the spectrum; either single payer or a true free market solution.

3) Much of the research done in the EU and elsewhere is collaborative, with a great deal of help from the US. So even UK's 300 articles must count at least partially towards the US.


Re 1: perhaps, but it's irrelevant. We were discussing the cost of heatlhcare which is disproportionally high in the US. Whether or not the US pays more than its fair share for research is beside the point, because this cost is not rolled into the cost of health care, except when we are purely discussing the cost of developing new medicines and medical machines, in which case that cost is charged from anybody buying those medicines, including all of Europe.
Millitron
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States2611 Posts
April 14 2015 19:39 GMT
#36895
On April 15 2015 04:33 Acrofales wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 04:09 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:51 Acrofales wrote:
On April 15 2015 03:12 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:53 Acrofales wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:08 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 02:02 Simberto wrote:
So why don't all these problems also appear in european countries with a more socialist medical system? Doctors here are still paid well and need lots of education, expensive treatments are very often administered (people have a big aversion to someone dieing due to their insurance not covering their treatment because they fear it could be them next time), especially to very old people.

And i don't really buy into the whole "Well the US is subsidizing everyone else" story, because that sounds way too much like putting a spin on the situation where the fact that your system is just really bad and expensive is turned into some sort of altruistic decision.

The US does subsidize quite a lot.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/03/23/the-most-innovative-countries-in-biology-and-medicine/

Researchers in the US write 40% of the world's medical research papers, totaling 1,169 in 2009. The next highest was Great Britain at only around 300. The number for the US has also grown at an above-average rate of 7% between 2005 and 2009.

What?

1. Academic research is not considered in the cost of medical spending. This is clearly covered by other government institutions (which I agree are well-funded in comparison to some other countries).
2. Pharmaceutical research is paid for in the cost of medicine world wide. The medicine that is patented in the USPTO is equally protected in Europe. Even if the patent isn't deposited in the EPO, the US patents are generally adhered to. Only countries that might not be the case are upcoming economies that are far less interested in innovation and far more interested in getting cheap medicine to their population (India is generally cited as the most egregious offender).
3. It isn't very fair to compare the US to the UK, when the US has ~320million inhabitants and the UK ~60million. If we look at per capita research production, the UK actually outperforms the US using those numbers: 300/60 = 5 papers per million inhabitants, whereas 1200/320 < 4 papers per million inhabitants.

1) Private companies perform research, including writing research papers.

2) Sure, but a single pill might only cost a few cents to make. So they don't mind too much to not make 10,000% profits in Europe since they can still get away with it in the US.

3) The US makes 40% of the world's research papers. The US does not have 40% of the world's population. I only compared to UK because I was summarizing the Forbes article.

1) Sure they do. I work for one! But the vast amount of scientific literature in all fields is produced with public money. Even when the research is performed in a company.
2) The pill itself might only cost a few cents (although given the specialized instruments and facilities, I doubt this is actually true except for the most basic and mass-produced medicines), but the reason the US pays more has nothing to do with Europe, it's because your system SUCKS and affords farmaceutical companies a strong bargaining position (because for some reason insurance companies are willing to pay anything, and then foist those costs off on consumers who cannot pay them, rather than the government mandating a bottom line of stuff insurance companies HAVE to pay for: something that the ACA does do).
3) Even if we look at percentages instead of raw numbers, it is still a false comparison, because high quality research is almost exclusively done in first world countries, and these are also the only countries worth comparing your health care system to. The costs of health care in Brazil, for instance, are irrelevant, because the average quality sucks.

Particularly medical research, which has very high costs, which developing countries cannot afford. So then you need to look at what percentage of the first world population lives in the US:

Western Europe: 400million
Australia: 25million
Japan: 130million
US: 320million

Percentage in the US: 37%. So 40% of the medical research is only very slightly above what you would expect. And most of that research is done because innovation directly benefits the local economy, not out of altruism. Countries fund research out of self-interest.


1) Ok? Point being what? That only supports the idea that the US subsidizes the world's research.

2) Yeah, I've said all along the system sucks. The ACA doesn't exactly help though, because it further strengthens pharmaceutical companies' bargaining position. That bottom line you mention are things insurance companies MUST cover, meaning they have no real choice but to pay whatever big pharma says. The ACA is a poor substitute for a system at either end of the spectrum; either single payer or a true free market solution.

3) Much of the research done in the EU and elsewhere is collaborative, with a great deal of help from the US. So even UK's 300 articles must count at least partially towards the US.


Re 1: perhaps, but it's irrelevant. We were discussing the cost of heatlhcare which is disproportionally high in the US. Whether or not the US pays more than its fair share for research is beside the point, because this cost is not rolled into the cost of health care, except when we are purely discussing the cost of developing new medicines and medical machines, in which case that cost is charged from anybody buying those medicines, including all of Europe.

This cost is mostly covered by the US market though. As others have pointed out, pharma companies price gouge the US market because their bargaining position is so much stronger here. Big Pharma cares about it's profits from the US market, whatever it gets overseas is just a bonus. They're fine with much lower profit margins in the EU because they know the US will more than cover their initial capital investment.

Would you really be bothered by selling a product for only 10% profit in a smaller market, when at the same time in your main market you were making 1000% profit?
Who called in the fleet?
JonnyBNoHo
Profile Joined July 2011
United States6277 Posts
April 14 2015 19:40 GMT
#36896
Pharmaceutical spending is ~10% of healthcare spending. Even if we were subsidizing the rest of the world, you're talking small potatoes in the grand scheme of things.
Millitron
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States2611 Posts
April 14 2015 19:43 GMT
#36897
On April 15 2015 04:40 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
Pharmaceutical spending is ~10% of healthcare spending. Even if we were subsidizing the rest of the world, you're talking small potatoes in the grand scheme of things.

General medical equipment suffers from the same problems. Why does an X-ray cost hundreds? It takes seconds, and doesn't use anything up.

The answer is the company that builds X-ray machines price gouges, and hospitals are forced to pass that cost on to the customer.
Who called in the fleet?
JonnyBNoHo
Profile Joined July 2011
United States6277 Posts
April 14 2015 19:49 GMT
#36898
On April 15 2015 04:43 Millitron wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 04:40 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
Pharmaceutical spending is ~10% of healthcare spending. Even if we were subsidizing the rest of the world, you're talking small potatoes in the grand scheme of things.

General medical equipment suffers from the same problems. Why does an X-ray cost hundreds? It takes seconds, and doesn't use anything up.

The answer is the company that builds X-ray machines price gouges, and hospitals are forced to pass that cost on to the customer.

I can also imagine resource low utilization rates causing the same issue. Do you have a source for your price gouging claim or is that just an assertion?
Millitron
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States2611 Posts
April 14 2015 19:53 GMT
#36899
On April 15 2015 04:49 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
Show nested quote +
On April 15 2015 04:43 Millitron wrote:
On April 15 2015 04:40 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
Pharmaceutical spending is ~10% of healthcare spending. Even if we were subsidizing the rest of the world, you're talking small potatoes in the grand scheme of things.

General medical equipment suffers from the same problems. Why does an X-ray cost hundreds? It takes seconds, and doesn't use anything up.

The answer is the company that builds X-ray machines price gouges, and hospitals are forced to pass that cost on to the customer.

I can also imagine resource low utilization rates causing the same issue. Do you have a source for your price gouging claim or is that just an assertion?

I don't have a source, but much of the same setting is true for medical equipment as well as pharmaceuticals. Both need very long testing periods. Both are covered by insurance. Both take a great deal of research.

As for low utilization rates, I find that hard to believe considering how packed the outpatient lab waiting room is.
Who called in the fleet?
Velr
Profile Blog Joined July 2008
Switzerland10989 Posts
Last Edited: 2015-04-14 20:00:42
April 14 2015 20:00 GMT
#36900
You in general should just stop talking about european healthcare systems because:

1: You have no clue about them.
2: They vary widely from country to country.
3: You think there are waiting lines in pharmacies because... I don't know, no one does, because these don't exist, at least not more than at your average walmart....
Prev 1 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 10093 Next
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
IPSL
02:00
Ro24 Group D
Azhi_Dahaki vs ggnore13
Double vs WIZARD
Airneanach96
Liquipedia
IntoTheTV X SOOP
20:00
Premier - Final Day
WardiTV955
TaKeTV 337
LiquipediaDiscussion
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
ProTech132
BRAT_OK 64
MindelVK 27
EmSc Tv 22
StarCraft: Brood War
Dewaltoss 130
Hyun 45
HiyA 33
ggaemo 13
yabsab 13
Dota 2
qojqva3283
Counter-Strike
pashabiceps2046
gobbtv159
Super Smash Bros
hungrybox441
Heroes of the Storm
crisheroes482
Khaldor274
Liquid`Hasu13
Other Games
tarik_tv5978
Grubby2174
Liquid`RaSZi1826
singsing1664
FrodaN1467
zeus679
Lowko372
DeMusliM292
PiGStarcraft203
Fuzer 155
QueenE114
Mew2King82
NeuroSwarm42
Railgan29
Organizations
Other Games
EGCTV968
gamesdonequick737
Counter-Strike
PGL108
StarCraft 2
EmSc Tv 22
EmSc2Tv 22
angryscii 13
[ Show 19 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• Adnapsc2 20
• Reevou 4
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• Migwel
StarCraft: Brood War
• FirePhoenix14
• Pr0nogo 5
• HerbMon 2
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
Dota 2
• WagamamaTV309
League of Legends
• Nemesis2443
• Jankos1777
Other Games
• imaqtpie943
• Shiphtur247
• tFFMrPink 14
Upcoming Events
BSL
1h
Cross vs Puma
Artosis vs Spine
Replay Cast
4h
Replay Cast
1d 4h
Sparkling Tuna Cup
1d 15h
WardiTV Invitational
1d 17h
YoungYakov vs Lambo
SHIN vs TBD
Percival vs Shameless
Solar vs TBD
PiGosaur Cup
2 days
The PondCast
3 days
KCM Race Survival
3 days
WardiTV Invitational
3 days
CranKy Ducklings
5 days
[ Show More ]
IPSL
5 days
TerrOr vs IJ_Terran
rasowy vs Hazorath
Sparkling Tuna Cup
6 days
IPSL
6 days
Art_Of_Turtle vs KameZerg
Radley vs George
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Proleague 2026-11-06
Blizzard Classic Cup 2026
HCC Season 3

Ongoing

Acropolis #5
KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 4
International ShieldBattery League
BSL Season 23
IPSL Winter 2026-27
Calamity Cup Div. A Season 8
IEM Beijing 2026
PGL Masters Bucharest 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 5
1win Private Club #2
Thunderpick World Champ. '26
ESL Pro League Season 24
Stake Ranked Episode 4
1win Private Club #1
Logitech G Play Connect 2026
SL StarSeries Fall 2026
FISSURE Playground #3
BLAST Open Fall 2026

Upcoming

Sector 951
SC4ALL II: Brood War
BSL 23: Non-Korean Championship
HSC XXX
Stellar Fest 2: Lunar Cup
SC4ALL II: StarCraft II
Kung Fu Cup 2026 Grand Finals
RSL Offline Finals
Underdog Cup 2026 Div 2-3
PGL Bucharest 2027
BLAST Bounty Winter 2027
eXTREMESLAND 2026
PGL Major Singapore 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 6
BLAST Rivals Fall 2026
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.