• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 17:07
CEST 23:07
KST 06:07
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
RSL Season 1 - Final Week6[ASL19] Finals Recap: Standing Tall15HomeStory Cup 27 - Info & Preview18Classic wins Code S Season 2 (2025)16Code S RO4 & Finals Preview: herO, Rogue, Classic, GuMiho0
Community News
Esports World Cup 2025 - Brackets Revealed14Weekly Cups (July 7-13): Classic continues to roll8Team TLMC #5 - Submission extension3Firefly given lifetime ban by ESIC following match-fixing investigation17$25,000 Streamerzone StarCraft Pro Series announced7
StarCraft 2
General
RSL Revival patreon money discussion thread Who will win EWC 2025? The GOAT ranking of GOAT rankings Server Blocker Weekly Cups (July 7-13): Classic continues to roll
Tourneys
FEL Cracov 2025 (July 27) - $8000 live event Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament Sea Duckling Open (Global, Bronze-Diamond) RSL: Revival, a new crowdfunded tournament series $5,100+ SEL Season 2 Championship (SC: Evo)
Strategy
How did i lose this ZvP, whats the proper response
Custom Maps
External Content
Mutation # 482 Wheel of Misfortune Mutation # 481 Fear and Lava Mutation # 480 Moths to the Flame Mutation # 479 Worn Out Welcome
Brood War
General
Flash Announces (and Retracts) Hiatus From ASL BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ BW General Discussion Soulkey Muta Micro Map? [ASL19] Finals Recap: Standing Tall
Tourneys
Starcraft Superstars Winner/Replays [Megathread] Daily Proleagues Cosmonarchy Pro Showmatches CSL Xiamen International Invitational
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers I am doing this better than progamers do.
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Path of Exile Nintendo Switch Thread CCLP - Command & Conquer League Project The PlayStation 5
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread Vanilla Mini Mafia
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread We are Ready to Testify: Emergence Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Stop Killing Games - European Citizens Initiative
Fan Clubs
SKT1 Classic Fan Club! Maru Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Movie Discussion! Korean Music Discussion [Manga] One Piece Anime Discussion Thread [\m/] Heavy Metal Thread
Sports
2024 - 2025 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 NBA General Discussion NHL Playoffs 2024
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Ping To Win? Pings And Their…
TrAiDoS
momentary artworks from des…
tankgirl
from making sc maps to makin…
Husyelt
StarCraft improvement
iopq
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 618 users

Map stats: testing whether a map is balanced - Page 2

Forum Index > BW General
Post a Reply
Prev 1 2 3 Next All
wasted
Profile Joined October 2002
Germany1789 Posts
Last Edited: 2005-12-25 19:02:25
December 25 2005 18:56 GMT
#21
what about the strength of the players playing each other? is that taken into account in any way? or did you just make the assumption, that this factor is of no importance when you have a great enough database?

edit:
for example: when a player, who will reach A rank, bashes through the lower ranks, those games can hardly give any information about the balance on the played maps. imho, only the games in which both opponents are on a somewhat equal skill level produce usable statistical data.
---gone---
e1-Daft
Profile Joined June 2004
Latvia19 Posts
December 25 2005 19:10 GMT
#22
Very cool ! I was thinking about that also.
There would be interesting percentage of PvT wins on the the Gorky Island map ^^.
A nightmare for P.
GG
Plexa
Profile Blog Joined October 2005
Aotearoa39261 Posts
December 25 2005 19:21 GMT
#23
notice that the general trend is that pvz on *most* maps z>p (excluding rpoint) and the reverse with t where p>t =/
Administrator~ Spirit will set you free ~
gravity
Profile Joined March 2004
Australia1847 Posts
Last Edited: 2005-12-25 19:57:16
December 25 2005 19:55 GMT
#24
On December 25 2005 22:59 mitsy wrote:
part 1

PGT - Rush Hour 2.0 [06] 9896 (3.3x more than luna)
PvZ 40.8/59.2
PvT 53.5/46.5
TvZ 51.7/48.3

PGT - Luna The Final [06] 2985 (1.5x more than lotem)
PvZ vs 302 326 48.1/51.9
PvT vs 553 432 56.1/43.9
TvZ vs 378 344 52.4/47.6

PGT - Lost Temple 2.4 [06] 1994 (2.1x more than r-point)
PvZ vs 135 162 45.5/54.5
PvT vs 358 349 50.6/49.4
TvZ vs 304 291 51.1/48.9

PGT - R - Point 1.0 [06] 931 (1.4x more than p2h)
PvZ vs 62 51 54.9/45.1
PvT vs 212 182 53.8/46.2
TvZ vs 88 76 53.7/46.3

PGT - Plains to Hill 2.1 [06] 684 (3.4x more than forte2)
PvZ vs 90 100 47.4/52.6
PvT vs 108 100 51.9/48.1
TvZ vs 65 68 48.9/51.1


Another way to measure the relative balance of the maps is to take the square-root of the sums of the squares of the imbalance relative to a 50:50 matchup. For example, Lost Temple would get a sqrt(4.5^2+0.6^2+1.1^2) = 4.67 "imbalance rating". I like this method because it is harsher on maps that have a single extremely imbalanced matchup.

For these 5 maps, the "imbalance ratings" are as follows (lower is better):

Plains to Hill 3.4
Lost Temple 4.67
Luna 6.82
R-Point 7.22
Rush Hour 10.0

These statistics largely argree with misty's, but they put Rush Hour at the bottom. They would also provide a relatively convenient/objective way to compare the relative balance of different maps.
gravity
Profile Joined March 2004
Australia1847 Posts
December 25 2005 20:00 GMT
#25
On December 26 2005 04:21 Plexa wrote:
notice that the general trend is that pvz on *most* maps z>p (excluding rpoint) and the reverse with t where p>t =/

For some reason people keep denying there is any PvZ imbalance though. Sure, it's possible to make a map where P>Z, but that doesn't matter if the vast majority of played maps favour Z. The PvT thing I think is more influenced by the lack of skills of the lower level players on PGTour compared to pros, since T is the most micro-intensive race, but there could be an issue there too (it's hard to get pro-level information, but at least at pro level it isn't common to say "oh no, that T player got a lot of P matches, he's screwed" compared to saying the same about P and Z).
Liquid`Jinro
Profile Blog Joined September 2002
Sweden33719 Posts
December 25 2005 21:04 GMT
#26
On December 26 2005 05:00 gravity wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 26 2005 04:21 Plexa wrote:
notice that the general trend is that pvz on *most* maps z>p (excluding rpoint) and the reverse with t where p>t =/

For some reason people keep denying there is any PvZ imbalance though. Sure, it's possible to make a map where P>Z, but that doesn't matter if the vast majority of played maps favour Z. The PvT thing I think is more influenced by the lack of skills of the lower level players on PGTour compared to pros, since T is the most micro-intensive race, but there could be an issue there too (it's hard to get pro-level information, but at least at pro level it isn't common to say "oh no, that T player got a lot of P matches, he's screwed" compared to saying the same about P and Z).

No, the problem is that most P players are fucking TERRIBLE at PvZ -_-
You might not have noticed, but as of late zergs have been losing tons to Ps (reach is the exception) at the professional level, and zergman even said he thinks the new generation of protoss players are a lot scarier PvZ.

PvZ is balanced, the only 'imbalance' I guess is that it takes a lot longer to learn than ZvP does.. Kind of like how you can learn PvT 10 times faster than you can learn TvP =.=
Moderatortell the guy that interplanatar interaction is pivotal to terrans variety of optionitudals in the pre-midgame preperatories as well as the protosstinal deterriggation of elite zergling strikes - Stimey n | Formerly FrozenArbiter
gravity
Profile Joined March 2004
Australia1847 Posts
Last Edited: 2005-12-25 21:51:04
December 25 2005 21:49 GMT
#27
On December 26 2005 06:04 FrozenArbiter wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 26 2005 05:00 gravity wrote:
On December 26 2005 04:21 Plexa wrote:
notice that the general trend is that pvz on *most* maps z>p (excluding rpoint) and the reverse with t where p>t =/

For some reason people keep denying there is any PvZ imbalance though. Sure, it's possible to make a map where P>Z, but that doesn't matter if the vast majority of played maps favour Z. The PvT thing I think is more influenced by the lack of skills of the lower level players on PGTour compared to pros, since T is the most micro-intensive race, but there could be an issue there too (it's hard to get pro-level information, but at least at pro level it isn't common to say "oh no, that T player got a lot of P matches, he's screwed" compared to saying the same about P and Z).

No, the problem is that most P players are fucking TERRIBLE at PvZ -_-
You might not have noticed, but as of late zergs have been losing tons to Ps (reach is the exception) at the professional level, and zergman even said he thinks the new generation of protoss players are a lot scarier PvZ.

PvZ is balanced, the only 'imbalance' I guess is that it takes a lot longer to learn than ZvP does.. Kind of like how you can learn PvT 10 times faster than you can learn TvP =.=

Just because P have been doing a bit better recently doens't wipe out the historical record and suddenly make PvZ balanced on "normal" maps. Maybe if things stay this way for a long time and there isn't a wave of anti-Protoss Zergs the way July sparked a wave of anti-Terran zergs, or Zergs learn how to beat the newer Protoss style, or whatever.
SoMuchBetter
Profile Blog Joined April 2003
Australia10606 Posts
Last Edited: 2005-12-25 22:05:34
December 25 2005 22:04 GMT
#28
For some reason people keep denying there is any TvP imbalance though. Sure, it's possible to make a map where T>P, but that doesn't matter if the vast majority of played maps favour P. The ZvP thing I think is more influenced by the lack of skills of the lower level players on PGTour compared to pros, since P is the more micro-intensive race, but there could be an issue there too
AUSSIESCUM
TeamLiquid eSTROgeneral #1 • RIP
Bill307
Profile Blog Joined October 2002
Canada9103 Posts
Last Edited: 2005-12-25 22:22:41
December 25 2005 22:15 GMT
#29
I would love to be able to restrict stats to only specific ranks or ranges of ranks . It would be really neat to compare imbalances at the top with imbalances at the bottom. It would also allow us to measure imbalance at D/C/B/A ranks seperately.

I don't think it'd be too much of an additional load on the server, unless the feature becomes really popular. In that case, maybe you could allow people to download a "database" of stats (updated every 24 hours), which would be less than 8 KB, and a simple VB program to search and sort the data to our heart's content . It could also be programmed to perform statistical analyses like the ones in this topic. e.g. you might see something like:

PGT - ParanoidAndroid1.0 [06]
PvZ - 13:14 - 48.1% (29.6% to 66.7%)

PGT - Rush Hour 2.0 [06]
PvZ - 1118:1488 - 42.9% (41.0% to 44.8%)

Giving you the (95%) confidence interval for the actual win % on the map.
gravity
Profile Joined March 2004
Australia1847 Posts
Last Edited: 2005-12-25 23:58:53
December 25 2005 23:51 GMT
#30
On December 26 2005 07:04 SoMuchBetter wrote:
For some reason people keep denying there is any TvP imbalance though. Sure, it's possible to make a map where T>P, but that doesn't matter if the vast majority of played maps favour P. The ZvP thing I think is more influenced by the lack of skills of the lower level players on PGTour compared to pros, since P is the more micro-intensive race, but there could be an issue there too

Hurrr hurrr. The difference is that both the TvP balance is typically smaller at all levels than PvZ, and that the imbalance is more lessened at pro level. PvZ imbalance is a much bigger problem, even if there is still some small TvP imbalance. Again, it's not like people go "omg Oov has to fight 3 P's this OSL, he's fucked", but people (not everyone) *do* say "OMG Reach has to fight 3 Z's, he's fucked".

Does anyone have the records of various pro players divided up by matchup, by the way? As far as I can remember from seeing them in the past, no P does as well vs. Z and Oov does vs P, for example.

edit: also, just changing the races around doesn't make sense with that post. Since when is P the micro race? T is, and that's part of the reason why they do disproportionately badly at lower levels compared to pro and strong amateur levels. Besides, one imbalance isn't an excuse to ignore another (worse) one.
EnDeR_
Profile Blog Joined May 2004
Spain2683 Posts
December 26 2005 00:02 GMT
#31
On December 26 2005 08:51 gravity wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 26 2005 07:04 SoMuchBetter wrote:
For some reason people keep denying there is any TvP imbalance though. Sure, it's possible to make a map where T>P, but that doesn't matter if the vast majority of played maps favour P. The ZvP thing I think is more influenced by the lack of skills of the lower level players on PGTour compared to pros, since P is the more micro-intensive race, but there could be an issue there too

Hurrr hurrr. The difference is that both the TvP balance is typically smaller at all levels than PvZ, and that the imbalance is more lessened at pro level. PvZ imbalance is a much bigger problem, even if there is still some small TvP imbalance. Again, it's not like people go "omg Oov has to fight 3 P's this OSL, he's fucked", but people (not everyone) *do* say "OMG Reach has to fight 3 Z's, he's fucked".

Does anyone have the records of various pro players divided up by matchup, by the way? As far as I can remember from seeing them in the past, no P does as well vs. Z and Oov does vs P, for example.

edit: also, just changing the races around doesn't make sense with that post. Since when is P the micro race? T is, and that's part of the reason why they do disproportionately badly at lower levels compared to pro and strong amateur levels. Besides, one imbalance isn't an excuse to ignore another (worse) one.


if oov had to face 3 p's in an osl, i'd vote for him in liquibet.
P not the micro race on pvz? excuse me? are we playing the same game?
estás más desubicao q un croissant en un plato de nécoras
LastWish
Profile Blog Joined September 2004
2013 Posts
December 26 2005 01:17 GMT
#32
I think that imbalance is mostly seen in ground PvZ(mostly because of ultra+ling) and air ZvP(sair+revear).
Rebalancing units may be hard mostly because the game is Professionally played. Some little changes may have some unwanted effects, resulting in one-race domination.
Only way to try out new changes is to make a new bw server(with ladder), where these balance issue would be practically tested for some time before taken into professional play.
Maybe adding a particular unit for each race could fix some major problems(like some what of anti air unit for zerg on lair level).
But why adding new units if certain units/upgrades/abilities are almost never used?(in any matchup)
Scouts, Valkyries, Dark archons, Ghosts, Queens could be boosted in some way to regain usability and develop new strategies. Also it somehow irritates me that some units are overused in particular matchups lately - like vessels irradiate and defilers swarm in TvZ.
- It's all just treason - They bring me down with their lies - Don't know the reason - My life is fire and ice -
rANDY
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
United Kingdom748 Posts
Last Edited: 2005-12-26 02:21:52
December 26 2005 02:20 GMT
#33
With all these statistics, you are also making the assumption that the average p, z and t pgt player is of the same skill level. For example, newer players to the game may choose a certain race slightly over another, and therefore, by losing more often, give the impression that such a race wins a lower percentage of games than another race, giving the impression of an imbalance. Therefore, say PvT on map M has 60% win for P, it does not mean that when two equally skilled players, one p and one t play on map M, that P will win 60% of the games.
gravity
Profile Joined March 2004
Australia1847 Posts
December 26 2005 13:40 GMT
#34
On December 26 2005 09:02 EnDeR_ wrote:
if oov had to face 3 p's in an osl, i'd vote for him in liquibet.

That was my point.

P not the micro race on pvz? excuse me? are we playing the same game?

I was talking about overall, not any particular matchup.
gravity
Profile Joined March 2004
Australia1847 Posts
December 26 2005 13:52 GMT
#35
On December 26 2005 11:20 no_re wrote:
With all these statistics, you are also making the assumption that the average p, z and t pgt player is of the same skill level. For example, newer players to the game may choose a certain race slightly over another, and therefore, by losing more often, give the impression that such a race wins a lower percentage of games than another race, giving the impression of an imbalance. Therefore, say PvT on map M has 60% win for P, it does not mean that when two equally skilled players, one p and one t play on map M, that P will win 60% of the games.

There's no reason to assume that the skills are *not* equal over a large number of players, unless you have any real (ie not wild speculation) evidence that they aren't. Also, if good players *do* gravitate more to one race, it's also probably because that race is the strongest, so that only makes things worse.
oneofthem
Profile Blog Joined November 2005
Cayman Islands24199 Posts
December 26 2005 22:05 GMT
#36
hey, i don't think you can set pwins to .5 except in mirror matchups. to evaluate the empirical fairness of a map you must get the map-neutral winning percentage of each MU.
We have fed the heart on fantasies, the heart's grown brutal from the fare, more substance in our enmities than in our love
wasted
Profile Joined October 2002
Germany1789 Posts
December 26 2005 22:12 GMT
#37
On December 26 2005 22:52 gravity wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 26 2005 11:20 no_re wrote:
With all these statistics, you are also making the assumption that the average p, z and t pgt player is of the same skill level.
*snip*

There's no reason to assume that the skills are *not* equal over a large number of players, unless you have any real (ie not wild speculation) evidence that they aren't. Also, if good players *do* gravitate more to one race, it's also probably because that race is the strongest, so that only makes things worse.


and what reason is there to assume that the skills ARE equal over a large number of players? there is no evidence for that too, so it's merely a wild speculation.

there are several things in the game which could be imbalanced, the most important ones being: skill of the players, strength of the race and the maps.

if you want to draw conclusions about the possible imbalance of maps out of pgt statistics, you can't do this without taking the other potential imbalances into account as well.
---gone---
[GiTM]-Ace
Profile Joined September 2002
United States4935 Posts
December 26 2005 22:30 GMT
#38
all that math makes me feel dumb
I may not be the best player right now but I think I can beat any 'best' players. I'll beat all the best players and become the best player. Watch me. - Jju
Mortality
Profile Blog Joined December 2005
United States4790 Posts
December 26 2005 22:48 GMT
#39
On December 26 2005 11:20 no_re wrote:
With all these statistics, you are also making the assumption that the average p, z and t pgt player is of the same skill level. For example, newer players to the game may choose a certain race slightly over another, and therefore, by losing more often, give the impression that such a race wins a lower percentage of games than another race, giving the impression of an imbalance. Therefore, say PvT on map M has 60% win for P, it does not mean that when two equally skilled players, one p and one t play on map M, that P will win 60% of the games.


The sample being used is the entire population. There is no inherant bias in that except perhaps a bias in the population itself. If you want to know, as a PGT player, what your chances are in a given match-up, then there is no reason not to accept this data.

The only thing that concerns me is how "balance" changes with different skill sets. Some maps emphasize micro/macro skills like Luna and Azalea, while others like 815 emphasize strategy. There's no way to quantify that. What I'm talking about DOES NOT effect the inherant "balance" of a map, but rather the "balance" as determined by an INDIVIDUAL. For instance, a progamer like NaDa with superior macro skills might go so far as to say that Luna favors him over Protoss. That doesn't mean this is true for the entire population. Lots of progamers talk about how 815 is a P map, but everytime I play it, it seems that T >> P (and believe me, I've been both the T and the P).



In other words, this data is interesting, but I feel it doesn't give the whole story. That said, I'm not sure it's possible to give the whole story. T_T You can't quantify someone's strategic ability.
Even though this Proleague bullshit has been completely bogus, I really, really, really do not see how Khan can lose this. I swear I will kill myself if they do. - nesix before KHAN lost to eNature
panschk[FP]
Profile Joined May 2005
Germany148 Posts
December 27 2005 23:18 GMT
#40
Great job Pat (or whoever programmed it) for those cute statistics from pgtour Finally we can do some serious statistics backups for our imbalance discussions;)

And great posts Bill, doodoohead101 and mitsy, it is important to analyse those statistics because not everyone is able to really understand them and they might make BS points by reading statistics wrong -_-

While stats depending on rank are interesting too, I think you should use the stats from all games for the evidence-giving stats:
- On PGT are not only gosus, so we don`t need the maps balanced only for gosus neither. Balance the maps for the level of play of PGT is best for PGT, obviously.
- When considering every game, the sample size is bigger, and a bigger sample size is always good to make quality interpretations.
- The level of play on PGT is pretty good anyway, it's not public battle.net or something
Prev 1 2 3 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 12h 53m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
ZombieGrub268
Hui .190
UpATreeSC 154
Nathanias 143
JuggernautJason68
ForJumy 22
StarCraft: Brood War
Larva 941
ZZZero.O 146
scan(afreeca) 133
Aegong 84
Dota 2
syndereN804
NeuroSwarm129
League of Legends
Grubby4790
Counter-Strike
Stewie2K580
flusha479
byalli368
oskar267
Super Smash Bros
Liquid`Ken15
Heroes of the Storm
Liquid`Hasu598
Other Games
tarik_tv7901
summit1g3980
FrodaN2806
Beastyqt671
ToD331
C9.Mang0144
Skadoodle66
Trikslyr55
Sick47
PPMD37
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick2734
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 18 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• LUISG 11
• musti20045 10
• IndyKCrew
• sooper7s
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• Migwel
• LaughNgamezSOOP
StarCraft: Brood War
• HerbMon 2
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
• BSLYoutube
Dota 2
• masondota22587
• Ler77
League of Legends
• TFBlade965
Other Games
• imaqtpie2134
• Shiphtur223
Upcoming Events
CranKy Ducklings
12h 53m
Epic.LAN
14h 53m
CSO Contender
19h 53m
Sparkling Tuna Cup
1d 12h
Online Event
1d 18h
Esports World Cup
3 days
ByuN vs Astrea
Lambo vs HeRoMaRinE
Clem vs TBD
Solar vs Zoun
SHIN vs Reynor
Maru vs TriGGeR
herO vs Lancer
Cure vs ShoWTimE
Esports World Cup
4 days
Esports World Cup
5 days
Esports World Cup
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

JPL Season 2
RSL Revival: Season 1
Murky Cup #2

Ongoing

BSL 2v2 Season 3
Copa Latinoamericana 4
Jiahua Invitational
BSL20 Non-Korean Championship
CSL Xiamen Invitational
CSL Xiamen Invitational: ShowMatche
Championship of Russia 2025
FISSURE Playground #1
BLAST.tv Austin Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 7
IEM Dallas 2025
PGL Astana 2025
Asian Champions League '25

Upcoming

2025 ACS Season 2
CSLPRO Last Chance 2025
CSLPRO Chat StarLAN 3
BSL Season 21
RSL Revival: Season 2
SEL Season 2 Championship
uThermal 2v2 Main Event
FEL Cracov 2025
Esports World Cup 2025
Underdog Cup #2
ESL Pro League S22
StarSeries Fall 2025
FISSURE Playground #2
BLAST Open Fall 2025
BLAST Open Fall Qual
Esports World Cup 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall Qual
IEM Cologne 2025
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.