• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 10:52
CEST 16:52
KST 23:52
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
Power Rank - Esports World Cup 202538RSL Season 1 - Final Week9[ASL19] Finals Recap: Standing Tall15HomeStory Cup 27 - Info & Preview18Classic wins Code S Season 2 (2025)16
Community News
BSL Team Wars - Bonyth, Dewalt, Hawk & Sziky teams4Weekly Cups (July 14-20): Final Check-up0Esports World Cup 2025 - Brackets Revealed19Weekly Cups (July 7-13): Classic continues to roll8Team TLMC #5 - Submission re-extension4
StarCraft 2
General
Power Rank - Esports World Cup 2025 RSL Revival patreon money discussion thread RSL Season 1 - Final Week The GOAT ranking of GOAT rankings Esports World Cup 2025 - Final Player Roster
Tourneys
Esports World Cup 2025 Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament Sea Duckling Open (Global, Bronze-Diamond) FEL Cracov 2025 (July 27) - $8000 live event RSL: Revival, a new crowdfunded tournament series
Strategy
How did i lose this ZvP, whats the proper response
Custom Maps
External Content
Mutation #239 Bad Weather Mutation # 483 Kill Bot Wars Mutation # 482 Wheel of Misfortune Mutation # 481 Fear and Lava
Brood War
General
ASL20 Preliminary Maps BSL Team Wars - Bonyth, Dewalt, Hawk & Sziky teams BW General Discussion BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ Flash Announces (and Retracts) Hiatus From ASL
Tourneys
CSL Xiamen International Invitational [Megathread] Daily Proleagues [CSLPRO] It's CSLAN Season! - Last Chance [BSL 2v2] ProLeague Season 3 - Friday 21:00 CET
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers I am doing this better than progamers do.
Other Games
General Games
Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Nintendo Switch Thread [MMORPG] Tree of Savior (Successor of Ragnarok) Path of Exile CCLP - Command & Conquer League Project
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread Vanilla Mini Mafia
Community
General
Russo-Ukrainian War Thread US Politics Mega-thread Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine The Games Industry And ATVI Stop Killing Games - European Citizens Initiative
Fan Clubs
SKT1 Classic Fan Club! Maru Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
[\m/] Heavy Metal Thread Anime Discussion Thread Movie Discussion! [Manga] One Piece Korean Music Discussion
Sports
2024 - 2025 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 NBA General Discussion
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Installation of Windows 10 suck at "just a moment" Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Ping To Win? Pings And Their…
TrAiDoS
momentary artworks from des…
tankgirl
from making sc maps to makin…
Husyelt
StarCraft improvement
iopq
Socialism Anyone?
GreenHorizons
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 820 users

Who Wants to be a Millionaire Cell Mini Mafia - Page 121

Forum Index > TL Mafia
Post a Reply
Prev 1 119 120 121 122 Next
Rels
Profile Joined August 2008
France13467 Posts
March 07 2016 16:51 GMT
#2401
On March 08 2016 01:06 raynpelikoneet wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 07 2016 06:16 Rels wrote:
I thought about the balance and I think it's probably good like that ? The special abilities were added for a reason, namely it's somewhat scum favored 'cause scum can chose the 2 cells they want to bus early and get lots of towncred that way. Ask the audience is kinda useless but 50/50 is a good way to balance the game I feel ... The game was down to the wire here when Breshke was super AFK and bum only tried the phase he was lynched. I didn't read the old cell games though so I don't have anything to compare.

Anyway I look forward playing that setup again. (=

I heavily disagree with the bolded part. I worte this into the obs QT (slightly modified so it only touches the theory and not this game):

Show nested quote +
Here is some food for thought:
------------------------------

Why town loses (has lost) every single cell game:
This game is actually way easier than a normal game of mafia. It is a statistical fact due to every lynch randomly having a 33% chance of hitting mafia (50% if you are in the said cell). Towns just doesn't know how to play it properly. It comes down to the following:

Mayoral election:
- Discussing Cell order is stupid because everyone wants (or should want) the readable Cells first. But people do not have an easy time for reading the same people, so basically there are as many opinions as there are players (well that was exaggerated but you get the point). You can't make any reads from it, ever. Therefore:
- It doesn't mean shit who the mayor is. The only thing that means anything is what the mayor does. The mayor should put a cell that has a (1)strong player who is (2)universally or easy (early on) to townread, and (3) who can keep their head cool and the town together in the last cell. This can be achieved by just looking at the playerlist and shouldn't take more than one post.

The day before D1:
- Now the mayoral election is clear from discussion, cool.
- Proceed with scumhunting. Do that as largely you can, including each and every cell. Activity is the key here. Townies who lack activity are detrimental to the town, more than in normal games because they will be always considered scum in their cells (and you can't really argue against this). Never ever use the reasoning "because this one guy in my cell is town this other guy is scum" because that is dumbass reasoning which doesn't convince anyone as it is not a case. In a perfect world everyone should end up posting a reads list at the end of every cycle (see further on for "why").

Day 1 -> Day when 2 mafia have been lynched;
- Keep notes. Yes, even if you usually don't, do it. See the next point for "why".
- Here is the tricky part where the town always fails super hard. People who are NOT in the cell that is up for lynch should not discuss anything except for people in the cell that is up for lynch!!! Think about it; If raynpelikoneet is in the cell D5 who the fuck cares on D1 if he is town or mafia? I mean you can have a read on him but why do you waste time/space in the thread talking/arguing about why rayn is scum when you can't lynch him for the next 100 hours? Talk about what is important (that's why you keep notes on what rayn said was scummy/townie). Unless it's absolutely necessary for some reason to talk about someone from other cells, don't do it.
- Ironically the people who are in the cell up for lynch should talk about other people. Otherwise the game often goes to what i just say people should not do -- "we lynch X because i know i am town and Y is also town". People in the cell up for lynch should be talking about their reads as whole and by doing so give other people enough information on themselves to prove they are town -- maybe (well this should not be "maybe" but you can't expect all people to play properly/perfectly) even make a case on mafia in their cell if they figure that out.
- Again, By doing the above town never wastes time on stupid shit that has lost all the Cell games for the town so far.
- And again, everyone posts an updated reads list at the end of the day.

The Day phase(s) when 2 mafia have been lynched;
- D3 or D4, see above. Proceed as usual
- D5, normal LYLO, nothing too spectacular that differs from normal game.
- In addition to both; See if there are people whose scumreads change for bad/weird reasons. It is not unlike mafia has been bussing hard, or soft. But the fact is, when 2 mafia have been lynched mafia cannot hard bus anymore the scum on current cell because they lose if they have done so. That is a huge red flag if let's say the following happens: X and Y have been posting in a similar manner all game long (i mean, their individual posting hasn't changed much). D1 and D2 lynches were scum. Suddenly, from the later parts of D2 towards D3 Z's read on X and Y, who are both in the D3 cell is starting to move from X being scum to "idk anymore" --> "maybe Y is scum after all" --> "yes, Y is probably scum".
- The above is why you make people post a reads list always at the EOD. The above is also why you keep notes.

------------------------------

And that's how you play Cell games and because the town never plays like this the town hasn't won a single Cell game.
People focus on stuff that in a normal game would be okay, but here it's not.
It is actually really hard to convince people (ingame) why this would be the best play. People just don't listen and think differently so it is just wasted effort.
In comparison it's super easy to convince people why certain type of play (setup speculation -- playing "with" the setup) is the best play in PYP games. And still there are always some idiotic townies who can't figure out the obvious.
But i strongly believe towns lose these games because they just play this wrong. It's like trying to solve an all vanilla game with rolehunting.

that was my novel.

with love: ~rayn


Rels your argument for "mafia can bus two first Cells" is ridiculous because first of all it hinges on mafia getting a mafia mayor (which is unlikely). Then, even if it went perfectly for mafia they are suddenly in a situation where they are 3x LYLO in a game. It's bad for scum, it townfavored. I can't even comprehend how this this makes the game "mafia favored" in your opinion, as you are arguing the mafia's "best play" is to get towndcredit (which wont last forever) to put themselves into situation where they are continuously in lylo....

That was pretty interesting to reread.

The "bus 2 scums to get INSANE TOWNCRED" is a little ridiculous I agree, but scum should definitely have a strategy when the cells are decided. In particular, they need to know which cells they want / need to fight the most to win, and which cells seem unwinnable and they will probably bus unless town fucks up. In that last case, the scum inside the cell need to play "GB style" and wrongly associate himself with town people in other cells.

If the scum team do that, I think they have a advantage compared to a normal game. A scum that is universally townread will not be attacked by "Hey why is he still alive ?" A scum that is universally townread will not be copcheck. A strong townie will die when his cell is up even if he wins it.

That's where 50/50 can be used to break scum plans that are too focused on mislynching one particular guy. It forces scum to adapt. That's why I think the normal cell setup + 50/50 is balanced.
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
March 07 2016 16:55 GMT
#2402
On March 08 2016 01:51 Rels wrote:
A scum that is universally townread will not be attacked by "Hey why is he still alive ?"

You know very well this doesn't happen even in normal games.. see for example Palmar in Outlaw... And yes, living players townread him, people who didn't, magically died for some reason...
A scum that is universally townread will not be copcheck.

This doesn't happen in normal games either.
A strong townie will die when his cell is up even if he wins it.

Which is why you put the Cells with even possibly strong townies if they are town in the latter lynches.
table for two on a tv tray
Rels
Profile Joined August 2008
France13467 Posts
March 07 2016 16:55 GMT
#2403
Man I want to play this setup again. It's pretty simple but super awesome, and it rewards good strategy.
Rels
Profile Joined August 2008
France13467 Posts
March 07 2016 17:00 GMT
#2404
And Damdred was fucking impressive.
Not only was he universally townread, he also got LS to be townread enough to not be considered scum.
If he got mayor and put his cell last I think we were screwed.
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
March 07 2016 17:01 GMT
#2405
On March 08 2016 01:55 Rels wrote:
Man I want to play this setup again. It's pretty simple but super awesome, and it rewards good strategy.

I agree it rewards good strategy. The thing is though, when something unexpected happens, scum have very hard time dealing with that. And smart townies figure shit out way easier because there are only limited options for possible scumteams. I can't point out anything in this game because i think this one was quite straightforward.
table for two on a tv tray
Rels
Profile Joined August 2008
France13467 Posts
March 07 2016 17:01 GMT
#2406
On March 08 2016 01:55 raynpelikoneet wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2016 01:51 Rels wrote:
A scum that is universally townread will not be attacked by "Hey why is he still alive ?"

You know very well this doesn't happen even in normal games.. see for example Palmar in Outlaw... And yes, living players townread him, people who didn't, magically died for some reason...
Show nested quote +
A scum that is universally townread will not be copcheck.

This doesn't happen in normal games either.
Show nested quote +
A strong townie will die when his cell is up even if he wins it.

Which is why you put the Cells with even possibly strong townies if they are town in the latter lynches.

OK. Do you agree that a scum that is universally townread has an easier time in this setup than in a normal one ? That is what I feel like.
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
March 07 2016 17:04 GMT
#2407
On March 08 2016 02:01 Rels wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2016 01:55 raynpelikoneet wrote:
On March 08 2016 01:51 Rels wrote:
A scum that is universally townread will not be attacked by "Hey why is he still alive ?"

You know very well this doesn't happen even in normal games.. see for example Palmar in Outlaw... And yes, living players townread him, people who didn't, magically died for some reason...
A scum that is universally townread will not be copcheck.

This doesn't happen in normal games either.
A strong townie will die when his cell is up even if he wins it.

Which is why you put the Cells with even possibly strong townies if they are town in the latter lynches.

OK. Do you agree that a scum that is universally townread has an easier time in this setup than in a normal one ? That is what I feel like.

yes, but i don't see how that matters.
Also townies who are easy to townread weigh in a lot more in town's favor than in normal setups.
If you have a Cell with three strong townreads you already have a "problem".
table for two on a tv tray
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-03-07 17:07:27
March 07 2016 17:07 GMT
#2408
Scum just straight out have less options to call people mafia than in a normal game.
Someone playing a good scumgame or poor town game has nothing to do with balance, superb play in comparison to opposite team always wins regardless of the setup.
table for two on a tv tray
Rels
Profile Joined August 2008
France13467 Posts
March 07 2016 17:10 GMT
#2409
Yeah OK. I think I'm basing too much on the game we've just played, where we only won 'cause the 3 scum that lost their cells heavily AFK at different points so they were kinda easy lynch. Like, 3 scums didn't play super well but scum almost win anyway.
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
Last Edited: 2016-03-07 17:11:49
March 07 2016 17:11 GMT
#2410
On March 08 2016 02:10 Rels wrote:
Yeah OK. I think I'm basing too much on the game we've just played, where we only won 'cause the 3 scum that lost their cells heavily AFK at different points so they were kinda easy lynch. Like, 3 scums didn't play super well but scum almost win anyway.

Well you can always also argue that if the townies who were lynched played better the town had won easily.
table for two on a tv tray
Vivax
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
21972 Posts
March 07 2016 17:13 GMT
#2411
On March 08 2016 02:00 Rels wrote:
And Damdred was fucking impressive.
Not only was he universally townread, he also got LS to be townread enough to not be considered scum.
If he got mayor and put his cell last I think we were screwed.


bitch please
Rels
Profile Joined August 2008
France13467 Posts
March 07 2016 17:15 GMT
#2412
On March 08 2016 02:13 Vivax wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2016 02:00 Rels wrote:
And Damdred was fucking impressive.
Not only was he universally townread, he also got LS to be townread enough to not be considered scum.
If he got mayor and put his cell last I think we were screwed.


bitch please

Should have listened to you when you had that good find on ls ^^
Vivax
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
21972 Posts
March 07 2016 17:19 GMT
#2413
On March 08 2016 02:15 Rels wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2016 02:13 Vivax wrote:
On March 08 2016 02:00 Rels wrote:
And Damdred was fucking impressive.
Not only was he universally townread, he also got LS to be townread enough to not be considered scum.
If he got mayor and put his cell last I think we were screwed.


bitch please

Should have listened to you when you had that good find on ls ^^


It kinda stood out how they both had these super safe (damdred) or questionable reads (LS) on breshke when at the time of these reads breshke was really at best null for anyone who didn't know his alignment.

I think it was ritoky who was asking around for reads on him and literally baited these useful responses.
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
March 07 2016 17:22 GMT
#2414
On March 08 2016 02:19 Vivax wrote:
It kinda stood out how they both had these super safe (damdred) or questionable reads (LS) on breshke when at the time of these reads breshke was really at best null for anyone who didn't know his alignment.

Do you remember at which point of the game this was?
I mean i was very fucking sure VA was town when i read his posts the first time and Damdred had a townread on FF and regardless of Damdred's alignment that means FF is town, so it was kinda very easy to figure out Breshke was scum.

I admit i didn't read Damdred's posts that well and with thought after i decided he has to be town.
table for two on a tv tray
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
March 07 2016 17:24 GMT
#2415
Everyone in the obs QT was sure Breshke is mafia before the D2 (first Cell) started...
table for two on a tv tray
VayneAuthority
Profile Joined October 2012
United States8983 Posts
March 07 2016 17:25 GMT
#2416
Well you cant really predict things like damdred/LS playing the same way forever and then they just randomly decide this game to fake being easily offended, I just wrote off damdred as town when he kept getting really mad and didnt read his posts. But those things only work once, now they will have to put in a lot of effort as mafia because I will call for them to be lynched in any future game they try to use that.
I come in for the scraps
Vivax
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
21972 Posts
March 07 2016 18:06 GMT
#2417
On March 08 2016 02:22 raynpelikoneet wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2016 02:19 Vivax wrote:
It kinda stood out how they both had these super safe (damdred) or questionable reads (LS) on breshke when at the time of these reads breshke was really at best null for anyone who didn't know his alignment.

Do you remember at which point of the game this was?
I mean i was very fucking sure VA was town when i read his posts the first time and Damdred had a townread on FF and regardless of Damdred's alignment that means FF is town, so it was kinda very easy to figure out Breshke was scum.

I admit i didn't read Damdred's posts that well and with thought after i decided he has to be town.


Just really early, even before mayor got elected
raynpelikoneet
Profile Joined April 2007
Finland43268 Posts
March 07 2016 18:11 GMT
#2418
On February 23 2016 12:11 Damdred wrote:
[...]

@Rit, I think so far I'm most worried about a breshke and va in one. I don't know the va tell but I didn't like how breshke sort of just left without answering but that's sorta why I want that second as it gives more time to get a read on both of them. Even ff to an extent but I sort of liked the tone he was using and dejection to having to leave the game after his cell was done.

[...]

Reading Damdred's filter this is the only post where he gives any sort of reason for Breshke to be mafia before the mayor is elected and i don't think this is an unreasonable opinion or TMI at all.
table for two on a tv tray
justanothertownie
Profile Joined July 2013
16318 Posts
March 07 2016 18:35 GMT
#2419
On March 08 2016 02:11 raynpelikoneet wrote:
Show nested quote +
On March 08 2016 02:10 Rels wrote:
Yeah OK. I think I'm basing too much on the game we've just played, where we only won 'cause the 3 scum that lost their cells heavily AFK at different points so they were kinda easy lynch. Like, 3 scums didn't play super well but scum almost win anyway.

Well you can always also argue that if the townies who were lynched played better the town had won easily.

Not to mention that in a normal game it is often enough if there is only one scum who is playing well for mafia to win the game.
Vivax
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
21972 Posts
March 07 2016 18:51 GMT
#2420
On March 08 2016 03:11 raynpelikoneet wrote:
Show nested quote +
On February 23 2016 12:11 Damdred wrote:
[...]

@Rit, I think so far I'm most worried about a breshke and va in one. I don't know the va tell but I didn't like how breshke sort of just left without answering but that's sorta why I want that second as it gives more time to get a read on both of them. Even ff to an extent but I sort of liked the tone he was using and dejection to having to leave the game after his cell was done.

[...]

Reading Damdred's filter this is the only post where he gives any sort of reason for Breshke to be mafia before the mayor is elected and i don't think this is an unreasonable opinion or TMI at all.


I wrote twice about the post in question, and it wasn't that one. If you see anything in my filter that looks like a case on damdred, then you found the one I mean.
Prev 1 119 120 121 122 Next
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Esports World Cup
10:00
2025 - Day 2
Reynor vs MaruLIVE!
herO vs Cure
Serral vs Classic
EWC_Arena12128
ComeBackTV 2693
TaKeTV 665
Hui .617
3DClanTV 432
Rex276
EnkiAlexander 255
mcanning190
CranKy Ducklings176
Reynor166
UpATreeSC128
LiquipediaDiscussion
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
EWC_Arena12128
Hui .617
Rex 276
mcanning 190
Reynor 166
UpATreeSC 128
StarCraft: Brood War
Bisu 4265
Barracks 1899
Flash 1805
Jaedong 1514
BeSt 1435
EffOrt 1100
Mini 568
Stork 505
ggaemo 358
Snow 356
[ Show more ]
Soma 274
Soulkey 265
GuemChi 247
ZerO 247
ToSsGirL 187
Rush 123
Hyun 107
TY 52
soO 46
Sacsri 40
Sea.KH 39
Dewaltoss 23
scan(afreeca) 23
Terrorterran 17
Yoon 13
ivOry 11
Movie 10
Bale 7
Britney 0
Dota 2
syndereN519
420jenkins347
XcaliburYe290
Counter-Strike
sgares727
flusha182
edward41
Super Smash Bros
Westballz31
Other Games
singsing2050
hiko1247
crisheroes440
Fuzer 160
ArmadaUGS107
KnowMe56
QueenE49
ZerO(Twitch)20
Organizations
StarCraft: Brood War
Kim Chul Min (afreeca) 6
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 16 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• Berry_CruncH287
• Adnapsc2 2
• intothetv
• IndyKCrew
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• sooper7s
• Migwel
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Kozan
StarCraft: Brood War
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
• BSLYoutube
Dota 2
• C_a_k_e 1996
• WagamamaTV614
League of Legends
• Nemesis3717
• TFBlade623
Upcoming Events
Esports World Cup
19h 8m
TBD vs Zoun
TBD vs SHIN
TBD vs ShoWTimE
TBD vs Rogue
Esports World Cup
1d 20h
CranKy Ducklings
2 days
BSL20 Non-Korean Champi…
2 days
CSO Cup
3 days
BSL20 Non-Korean Champi…
3 days
Bonyth vs Sziky
Dewalt vs Hawk
Hawk vs QiaoGege
Sziky vs Dewalt
Mihu vs Bonyth
Zhanhun vs QiaoGege
QiaoGege vs Fengzi
FEL
3 days
BSL20 Non-Korean Champi…
3 days
BSL20 Non-Korean Champi…
4 days
Bonyth vs Zhanhun
Dewalt vs Mihu
Hawk vs Sziky
Sziky vs QiaoGege
Mihu vs Hawk
Zhanhun vs Dewalt
Fengzi vs Bonyth
Sparkling Tuna Cup
5 days
[ Show More ]
Online Event
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

CSL Xiamen Invitational
Championship of Russia 2025
Murky Cup #2

Ongoing

Copa Latinoamericana 4
Jiahua Invitational
BSL20 Non-Korean Championship
Esports World Cup 2025
CC Div. A S7
Underdog Cup #2
IEM Cologne 2025
FISSURE Playground #1
BLAST.tv Austin Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 7
IEM Dallas 2025
PGL Astana 2025
Asian Champions League '25

Upcoming

CSLPRO Last Chance 2025
CSLPRO Chat StarLAN 3
BSL Season 21
RSL Revival: Season 2
SEL Season 2 Championship
uThermal 2v2 Main Event
FEL Cracov 2025
HCC Europe
ESL Pro League S22
StarSeries Fall 2025
FISSURE Playground #2
BLAST Open Fall 2025
BLAST Open Fall Qual
Esports World Cup 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall Qual
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.