• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 03:34
CEST 09:34
KST 16:34
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
HomeStory Cup 27 - Info & Preview18Classic wins Code S Season 2 (2025)16Code S RO4 & Finals Preview: herO, Rogue, Classic, GuMiho0TL Team Map Contest #5: Presented by Monster Energy6Code S RO8 Preview: herO, Zoun, Bunny, Classic7
Community News
Weekly Cups (June 23-29): Reynor in world title form?0FEL Cracov 2025 (July 27) - $8000 live event13Esports World Cup 2025 - Final Player Roster14Weekly Cups (June 16-22): Clem strikes back1Weekly Cups (June 9-15): herO doubles on GSL week4
StarCraft 2
General
How does the number of casters affect your enjoyment of esports? Esports World Cup 2025 - Final Player Roster Weekly Cups (June 23-29): Reynor in world title form? HomeStory Cup 27 - Info & Preview The SCII GOAT: A statistical Evaluation
Tourneys
HomeStory Cup 27 (June 27-29) WardiTV Mondays SOOPer7s Showmatches 2025 FEL Cracov 2025 (July 27) - $8000 live event $200 Biweekly - StarCraft Evolution League #1
Strategy
How did i lose this ZvP, whats the proper response Simple Questions Simple Answers [G] Darkgrid Layout
Custom Maps
[UMS] Zillion Zerglings
External Content
Mutation # 480 Moths to the Flame Mutation # 479 Worn Out Welcome Mutation # 478 Instant Karma Mutation # 477 Slow and Steady
Brood War
General
I made an ASL quiz ASL20 Preliminary Maps Unit and Spell Similarities BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ BW General Discussion
Tourneys
[BSL20] GosuLeague RO16 - Tue & Wed 20:00+CET [Megathread] Daily Proleagues [BSL20] ProLeague LB Final - Saturday 20:00 CET Small VOD Thread 2.0
Strategy
Simple Questions, Simple Answers I am doing this better than progamers do. [G] How to get started on ladder as a new Z player
Other Games
General Games
Nintendo Switch Thread Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Path of Exile What do you want from future RTS games? Beyond All Reason
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
TL Mafia Community Thread Vanilla Mini Mafia
Community
General
Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine US Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread Summer Games Done Quick 2025! Trading/Investing Thread
Fan Clubs
SKT1 Classic Fan Club! Maru Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread [Manga] One Piece [\m/] Heavy Metal Thread Korean Music Discussion
Sports
Formula 1 Discussion NBA General Discussion 2024 - 2025 Football Thread TeamLiquid Health and Fitness Initiative For 2023 NHL Playoffs 2024
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Blog #2
tankgirl
Game Sound vs. Music: The Im…
TrAiDoS
StarCraft improvement
iopq
Heero Yuy & the Tax…
KrillinFromwales
I was completely wrong ab…
jameswatts
Need Your Help/Advice
Glider
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 580 users

Let's Shame some Dispraises: A Victoria II AAR

Forum Index > General Games
Post a Reply
1 2 3 Next All
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-02-15 01:19:30
February 08 2013 02:10 GMT
#1
1. For Daimyo and Tosa (here)
2. Your Golds, give them Tosa
3. Dutch Ado About Nothing
4. Korea me softly with his dong


Let's Shame some Dispraises: A Victoria II AAR


This is a Victoria II After Action Report. This means I was bored enough to type up a fictional dialog to me playing a Paradox Game. I highly recommend you play this and similar Paradox games, and then bash your head for not understanding how stupid difficult they are.

Victoria II is a game that puts you into a country's shoes during the period 1836-1936. Here, you will attempt to industrialize and/or civilize (if you are non-European or American). You also, more likely than not, paint the map your color by annexing and conquering territories that have good resources. Uncivilized nations tend to be at a huge disadvantage to civilized ones. The nation I am playing is Tosa, a substate (basically, vassal) of Shogunate Japan.

I am playing with a Mod-New Nations Mod. I also reserve the right to mod in things as I see fit. But it's funnier when people die terribly, so I won't mod in cheats.

[image loading]


1. For Daimyo and Tosa


[image loading]

Tosa Domain. On the poorest island of Japan, the Yamauchi clan has consolidated its control. But the resources of this land are few and its population even fewer. It will take great strength and resolve, as well as opportunism, to make something of this.

[image loading]

The tidings of the West approach our isle. We have already began to modernize our country, but not to the extent that our neighbors to the north and west have. Shimazu, the last holdouts against the Shogun, rule the island of Kyushu as Satsuma Domain. Choshu Domain, ruled by the Mori, also has been fairly modernized. We need to change quickly.

[image loading]

The Daimyo looks at his finances. The administration of the country is very expensive, and to maintain an army costs further. He decides to disband the army to save income. The Shogun can hardly blame him-it was the Shogun's fault for giving him this poor land in the first place.

[image loading]

The Daimyo decides to encourage the growth of Buddhism in the territory. It is hoped that the monks will teach more and more people to read and write, increasing Tosa's ability to modernize.

[image loading]

Due to his location, the Daimyo is able to take advantage of some tidings of the West. While official Japanese policy is to kill any foreigner that lands outside of the designated trading port, a ship may stop every now and then on its way to richer lands. The Daimyo does not mind this sort of exchange of ideas.

[image loading]

The thought in his mind is to overthrow the Shogun. The Shogun may rule, but he has grown decadent, much like the Ashikaga before them. Like the unifiers of Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, the Tokugawa must be taken down so a new rule can reinvigorate Japan. But for now that is but a dream.

[image loading]

Meanwhile, tidings are brought of a similar island, whom has coronated a queen. Perhaps the long-ignored Japanese royalty may be what we need to reinvigorate Japan.

[image loading]

Elsewhere, the lands of China and Korea are rich and valuable. Alas, the might of the Chinese Empire is great, and the Koreans are mere puppets of the Manchu Emperor. Perhaps if Tosa is to grow strong, the riches of China and Korea could go to our coffers.

[image loading]

A disease strikes the people of Tosa. God. Damn. It. That's 20% of my entire population. FFFUUUUU.

[image loading]

It appears that the Chinese are now at war with a great foreign power. This is an opportunity that should be watched closely. If only we Tosa were free to interact with the world as we see fit.

[image loading]

After a while, the Daimyo recognizes that the foreigners who call themselves "Resupanne" have been frequently stopping by. Friendly relations have developed with these sailors, and the occasional Spaniard on an errand turns heads amongst the people. The Spanish bring glass beads to try and extort more valuable resources, but the denizens of Tosa prefer the tortillas they have instead. Combining them with the Ocotopi found often in the waters brings about a new fusion dish, the Tako.

[image loading]

Suddenly, the Shogun gives the call to arms. An armada of strange ships arrived, demanding entrance to the harbor. While the Shogun refused (as he should) the foreigners did not concede-they declared war!

[image loading]

The strange land they come from, "Amerika," is incredibly far away. Or so the Spanish told the Daimyo. It is a land of infinite riches and strange ideas. Perhaps this could be a further avenue of expansion?

[image loading]

Meanwhile, nothing important happens.

[image loading]

After many months, the Daimyo hears vague news of foreign battles. But the call to arms is quietly dropped. Perhaps the Shogun has gone senile in his old age. What if the Mongols were to invade again?

[image loading]

The quiet dying down of the foreign enemy upsets the locals. The restless samurai have called to expel the foreigners and honor the emperor. But the Daimyo of Tosa is wise, and sees further than short-term bloodlust and xenophobia.

[image loading]

In Europe, Austria has apparently gotten its shit packed in by Prussia and now the Hungarians.

[image loading]

Suddenly, opportunity strikes. The Spanish make a most interesting proposal to the Daimyo. By offering to essentially join the Spanish Empire, the Spanish would be able to use their power to protect the Daimyo from Shogunate repercussions.

[image loading]

After consideration, the daimyo decides to take the envoy up with his offer. A few days go by while the Spanish engage the Shogun in talks. (Note: I have no idea what I'm doing here)

[image loading]

When the Spanish triumphantly return with news of success, the general populace rises up, furious that they were now under the rule of foreigners. The daimyo, having planned this from the start (not at all, actually), proceeds to blame the Spanish. The people of Tosa, fine patriots, proceed to chase all the Spanish out of Tosa. They are quickly put down by Shogunate forces.

[image loading]

Tosa will now be the one to forge its own destiny. (ah.)

[image loading]

TOSA BANZAI!
Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
EchOne
Profile Blog Joined January 2008
United States2906 Posts
February 08 2013 02:28 GMT
#2
Something tells me you're winging it entirely. Excellent.

GLHF
面白くない世の中, 面白くすればいいさ
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
February 08 2013 03:12 GMT
#3
well that was underwhelming
Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
February 08 2013 12:42 GMT
#4
should probably add a poll

Poll: ARE YOU NOT ENTERTAINED?

Go invade some people, then we talk (15)
 
42%

Go unify Japan or something (10)
 
28%

Shouldn't this be a blog? (10)
 
28%

Can you change the title to something else? (1)
 
3%

36 total votes

Your vote: ARE YOU NOT ENTERTAINED?

(Vote): Go invade some people, then we talk
(Vote): Go unify Japan or something
(Vote): Shouldn't this be a blog?
(Vote): Can you change the title to something else?



Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
Psyonic_Reaver
Profile Blog Joined June 2007
United States4336 Posts
February 08 2013 14:43 GMT
#5
Great battle report but you may want too be to blogs. I'll keep this thread subscribed, I want to see how you do.
So wait? I'm bad? =(
Archas
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
United States6531 Posts
February 08 2013 15:00 GMT
#6
not enough sanae
The room is ripe with the stench of bitches!
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
February 08 2013 15:16 GMT
#7
On February 08 2013 23:43 Psyonic_Reaver wrote:
Great battle report but you may want too be to blogs. I'll keep this thread subscribed, I want to see how you do.

blogs won't work because i dont want to have to make a new blog every single time i update, that would be silly
Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
sc4k
Profile Blog Joined January 2010
United Kingdom5454 Posts
February 08 2013 15:43 GMT
#8
Suddenly, Spanish. That was unexpected.
icystorage
Profile Blog Joined November 2008
Jollibee19343 Posts
February 08 2013 15:50 GMT
#9
Beautiful. Please continue!
LiquidDota StaffAre you ready for a Miracle-? We are! The International 2017 Champions!
Psyonic_Reaver
Profile Blog Joined June 2007
United States4336 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-02-08 16:56:35
February 08 2013 16:55 GMT
#10
So just make one blog and update it when you have something to add. TL mods can give you edit powers after the 6 month edit lock but its up to you. I think you'd get more readers. <3 ShotCaller
So wait? I'm bad? =(
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
February 08 2013 16:58 GMT
#11
On February 09 2013 01:55 Psyonic_Reaver wrote:
So just make one blog and update it when you have something to add. TL mods can give you edit powers after the 6 month edit lock but its up to you. I think you'd get more readers. <3 ShotCaller

I don't know about you, but I never read the blog section :|
Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
Kurumi
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Poland6130 Posts
February 08 2013 17:18 GMT
#12
TOSA TOSA TOSA
I work alone. // Visit TL Mafia subforum!
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-02-08 22:44:53
February 08 2013 22:43 GMT
#13
2.Your Golds, Give them Tosa


[image loading]


Tosa, a land free from both the Shogun and foreigners. A poor place, but what can be done? Steal other people's gold, of course. But that is dishonorable.

[image loading]
Yep, that's our castle.


Nevertheless, Tosa needs funds. An expedition is planned to secure territory. China and Korea, of course, are too strong for even the brave and disciplined samurai of Tosa. An easier target needs to be selected.

[image loading]


The vulnerable Johore sultanate lies to the south. It is a land of riches, according to the Dutch travelers that come from that direction. With the maps given to them by the European traders, a plan of attack is drafted, and transport ships are commissioned.

[image loading]


Unfortunately nobody wants to let me invade, or even want to sell boats to Tosa. If you notice, none of my boats are building (days waiting is still the same). This is one of the frustrating parts of Vicky-not being able to buy stuff you want when weak. ITS WOOD AND LINEN. SHIKOKU IS A FOREST ON AN ISLAND.

[image loading]


Fortunately, Tosa retains good ties with the Shogun, despite having declared independence (senile Shogun, indeed!). The Shogun gladly honors the call to arms, looking to distract the restless samurai from his failing regime. He can do so by sending them some 3000 miles away. On boats that won't be able to come back.

[image loading]


Within months, Johore surrenders, ceding a stretch of lightly populated but wealthy territory.

[image loading]

The golds from Johore, combined with the steady increase in foreign ideas and trade, is enough for the Daimyo to finish the boats and do a few other things.

[image loading]

First, he begins a program of industrialization. With this, Tosa is ready to take a step into the next age:

[image loading]

Nom, factories! Making... concrete.

[image loading]

Then, he brings in a foreign officer corps, to increase the efficiency of his general staff. Yet somehow now...

[image loading]

Civilization. Look at all the reforms that can be made!

[image loading]

Poo poo, the East is West!

[image loading]

The research system for a civilized power is pretty straight forward. You click on what you research, and depending on your literacy (left %), number of clergymen, and other buffs, you gain research points. These research points are used to complete research that give you HUGE benefits. Like this one. Which gives me more research points, so I can research while I research.

[image loading]

This is Tosa dog. He really likes research.

[image loading]

What's this? It appears the Ainu have managed to throw off the weakened shackles of the Shogun. This is unacceptable!

[image loading]

Ezo is Japanese! Give us back our cla~

[image loading]

Well, fuck you world, I'll have my own concert of Europe. With hanafuda. And geishas!

[image loading]

LIBRALS

[image loading]

DEMOCRATS! FUUUUUU

[image loading]

The whole point of the revolutions event chain is to simulate the revolutions of 1848. Unfortunately, it only happens to civilized nations, and right now its the mid 1850s. So I expect the revolution to end any day now.

In the meantime, though, I have to deal with my population turning liberal, which is bad, because they don't want to fight or let the government build factories. Basically it means I can't do anything, which is boring. It also means I may have to give them the right to vote in the future. Which also sucks, unless you happen to be in the Americas. Also, they have increased militancy, which makes them more likely to revolt, and makes the revolt larger. These are bad things.

[image loading]

Some twirly guy with a mustache is declaring himself an Emperor? There is only one true Emperor.

[image loading]

[image loading]

Despite the world being very angry about it, and sending us a letter stating just how angry they are, we are now ready to brutally subjugate reclaim the island of Ezo.

[image loading]

Unfortunately for the rest of the world, they don't have any way to stop us. For Aizu has a special condition, one I like to call Hasnoarmy.

[image loading]

Needless to say everything proceeds as planned.

[image loading]

Apparently, watching another people get brutally subjugated is enough to distract the common people from their own subjugation. This is something that hopefully won't be happening years from now.

[image loading]

The Daimyo sees an opportunity to expand his reach in South-Eastern Asia. By invading the Sultanate of Aceh, it provides a valuable way to control naval traffic in the area, forming a chokepoint of sorts to block European powers from interfering in Tosa spheres of influence. Not that we have one at the moment. At least we're civilized!

[image loading]

Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for the recently crushed reintegrated province of Ezo. But they do see ome sense in pre-emptively striking an uncivilized nation Emperor knows how far away from Tosa before they can get us.

[image loading]

After preparations are ready, the Daimyo sends the Army of Tosa down to Indonesia, in a fleet waiting right outside the Aceh capital. A rock was thrown, and then shots were fired, with both sides claiming that the other instigated the issue. Either way, the rock throwing was clearly a good enough premise to annex their entire country.

[image loading]

The first actual battle fought by Tosa forces was a resounding success. The Aceh army consisted mostly of levied peasants, armed with matchlock guns imported from the Ottoman Empire. There were also groups of swordsmen, whom intended to take advantage of the first volley to charge in at the outnumbered Japanese force.

Unfortunately for them, not only were the Japanese better at swordfighting, they were also better at shooting. They also were using Western flintlock guns, which, while not being state of the art, were enough to overwhelm the Aceh forces completely. After three rapid volleys that decimated the Aceh army, a spontaneous banzai charge that could have been completely shattered by a competent foe slammed into the opposing lines, completely routing them. This battle essentially decided the war, with the remaining troops being hunted down as they fled. The Daimyo was concerned about the low discipline of his troops but was content to first consolidate gains before improving the troops.

[image loading]

He was so concerned about this he totally neglected about a HUGE opportunity in China-namely, a man claiming to be the brother of Jesus Christ-the head of the "Kurisu-chan" religion, or so the Daimyo was told-had started a massive rebellion against the Manchu emperor. While the Manchu were clearly winning, the Daimyo realized he missed a chance to gain a valuable piece of Chinese territory. Oh well, China will have to wait.

[image loading]

Finally, victory. Now the Daimyo intended to take a rest, for the world was getting weary of this strange Japanese power that had suddenly become better known than Portugal. With the resources from Aceh, the Daimyo intended to create a powerbase strong enough to throw off the chains of the Shogun on not just himself, but on the rest of Japan. He estimated it would be ten years, ten years of preparation to remove the Shogun. But first peace, peace and consolidation, a chance to breathe...

[image loading]

[image loading]
Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
February 08 2013 23:47 GMT
#14
oh right a poll
Poll: Who is the one true Emperor?

HERESY (15)
 
56%

Palpatine (6)
 
22%

Napoleon Bonaparte (3)
 
11%

Komei (3)
 
11%

27 total votes

Your vote: Who is the one true Emperor?

(Vote): Napoleon Bonaparte
(Vote): Palpatine
(Vote): Komei
(Vote): HERESY


Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
sc4k
Profile Blog Joined January 2010
United Kingdom5454 Posts
February 09 2013 00:46 GMT
#15
You have convinced me to actually bother playing this game. Bought it a long time ago. Thanks Caller...
icystorage
Profile Blog Joined November 2008
Jollibee19343 Posts
February 09 2013 01:23 GMT
#16
Grats on the battle! can't wait for the next installment
LiquidDota StaffAre you ready for a Miracle-? We are! The International 2017 Champions!
rwrzr
Profile Joined February 2010
United States1980 Posts
February 09 2013 02:12 GMT
#17
mordehuehue
FADC
Lysteria
Profile Blog Joined November 2008
France2279 Posts
Last Edited: 2013-02-09 14:47:07
February 09 2013 13:49 GMT
#18
Ah hah that's a fun AAR indeed. :p

Which mods are you using, and are you playing with the Victoria II's add-on ?
edit : I mean, the others than the New Nations' one.
Caller
Profile Blog Joined September 2007
Poland8075 Posts
February 09 2013 15:35 GMT
#19
On February 09 2013 22:49 Lysteria wrote:
Ah hah that's a fun AAR indeed. :p

Which mods are you using, and are you playing with the Victoria II's add-on ?
edit : I mean, the others than the New Nations' one.

I'm playin with AHD , yes. This is the only mod I am using in this aar. I will have to mod in some things, however.
Watch me fail at Paradox: http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=397564
Archas
Profile Blog Joined July 2010
United States6531 Posts
February 09 2013 15:39 GMT
#20
Putting aside my previous troll response, this is a highly entertaining read. Please continue when you can.
The room is ripe with the stench of bitches!
1 2 3 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
Next event in 16h 26m
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft: Brood War
Leta 359
Sacsri 63
Barracks 27
NotJumperer 23
Soma 15
Dota 2
BananaSlamJamma180
League of Legends
JimRising 547
Counter-Strike
Stewie2K732
shoxiejesuss297
Super Smash Bros
Mew2King158
Heroes of the Storm
Khaldor178
Other Games
NeuroSwarm71
ceh91
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick980
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 13 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• OhrlRock 12
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
League of Legends
• Rush1371
• HappyZerGling177
Upcoming Events
Replay Cast
16h 26m
Replay Cast
1d 2h
Wardi Open
1d 3h
PiGosaur Monday
1d 16h
The PondCast
2 days
RSL Revival
3 days
WardiTV European League
3 days
RSL Revival
4 days
WardiTV European League
4 days
FEL
4 days
[ Show More ]
Korean StarCraft League
4 days
CranKy Ducklings
5 days
RSL Revival
5 days
FEL
5 days
Sparkling Tuna Cup
6 days
RSL Revival
6 days
FEL
6 days
BSL: ProLeague
6 days
Dewalt vs Bonyth
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Proleague 2025-06-28
HSC XXVII
Heroes 10 EU

Ongoing

JPL Season 2
BSL 2v2 Season 3
BSL Season 20
Acropolis #3
KCM Race Survival 2025 Season 2
CSL 17: 2025 SUMMER
Copa Latinoamericana 4
Championship of Russia 2025
RSL Revival: Season 1
Murky Cup #2
BLAST.tv Austin Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 7
IEM Dallas 2025
PGL Astana 2025
Asian Champions League '25
BLAST Rivals Spring 2025
MESA Nomadic Masters
CCT Season 2 Global Finals
IEM Melbourne 2025
YaLLa Compass Qatar 2025

Upcoming

CSLPRO Last Chance 2025
CSLPRO Chat StarLAN 3
K-Championship
uThermal 2v2 Main Event
SEL Season 2 Championship
FEL Cracov 2025
Esports World Cup 2025
FISSURE Playground #2
BLAST Open Fall 2025
BLAST Open Fall Qual
Esports World Cup 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall 2025
BLAST Bounty Fall Qual
IEM Cologne 2025
FISSURE Playground #1
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2025 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.