• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EDT 07:53
CET 12:53
KST 20:53
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
ByuL: The Forgotten Master of ZvT29Behind the Blue - Team Liquid History Book19Clem wins HomeStory Cup 289HomeStory Cup 28 - Info & Preview13Rongyi Cup S3 - Preview & Info8
Community News
Blizzard Classic Cup - Tastosis announced as captains3Weekly Cups (March 2-8): ByuN overcomes PvT block4GSL CK - New online series14BSL Season 224Vitality ends partnership with ONSYDE20
StarCraft 2
General
GSL CK - New online series Weekly Cups (March 2-8): ByuN overcomes PvT block Blizzard Classic Cup - Tastosis announced as captains Weekly Cups (Feb 23-Mar 1): herO doubles, 2v2 bonanza Vitality ends partnership with ONSYDE
Tourneys
[GSL CK] Team Maru vs. Team herO Master Swan Open (Global Bronze-Master 2) RSL Season 4 announced for March-April Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament PIG STY FESTIVAL 7.0! (19 Feb - 1 Mar)
Strategy
Custom Maps
Publishing has been re-enabled! [Feb 24th 2026] Map Editor closed ?
External Content
The PondCast: SC2 News & Results Mutation # 516 Specter of Death Mutation # 515 Together Forever Mutation # 514 Ulnar New Year
Brood War
General
ASL21 General Discussion Recent recommended BW games BSL 22 Map Contest — Submissions OPEN to March 10 BGH Auto Balance -> http://bghmmr.eu/ BSL Season 22
Tourneys
IPSL Spring 2026 is here! ASL Season 21 Qualifiers March 7-8 [Megathread] Daily Proleagues BWCL Season 64 Announcement
Strategy
Soma's 9 hatch build from ASL Game 2 Fighting Spirit mining rates Simple Questions, Simple Answers Zealot bombing is no longer popular?
Other Games
General Games
Nintendo Switch Thread PC Games Sales Thread Path of Exile No Man's Sky (PS4 and PC) Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion The Story of Wings Gaming
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Mafia Game Mode Feedback/Ideas Vanilla Mini Mafia TL Mafia Community Thread
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Mexico's Drug War Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine Russo-Ukrainian War Thread YouTube Thread
Fan Clubs
The IdrA Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
[Req][Books] Good Fantasy/SciFi books [Manga] One Piece
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread Formula 1 Discussion General nutrition recommendations Cricket [SPORT] TL MMA Pick'em Pool 2013
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Laptop capable of using Photoshop Lightroom?
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Iranian anarchists: organize…
XenOsky
FS++
Kraekkling
Shocked by a laser…
Spydermine0240
Gaming-Related Deaths
TrAiDoS
Unintentional protectionism…
Uldridge
ASL S21 English Commentary…
namkraft
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 2966 users

PvT Training Day, January 2012

Forum Index > TL Community
Post a Reply
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next All
AmericanUmlaut
Profile Blog Joined November 2010
Germany2594 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-01-09 08:07:03
October 07 2011 12:51 GMT
#1
[image loading]


Saturday, Jan 07 8:00am GMT (GMT+00:00)


This event is now completed. Thank you to everyone who participated!

Training Day was a 10-hour Diamond and Master-level PvT training session in which eight players and four coaches (QXC, Masq, CecilSunkure and NrgMonk) participated. Over the coming days, I will be creating highlights of the original videos to allow quick access to the best bits. In the meantime, you can find the complete VODs of the entire day on the following streams' pages:

Main stream

7mk
Excludos
Chelch
Blazinghand
GzStrom
Utikiz

+ Show Spoiler +

Welcome to the new, leaner Training Day OP! For the longer, original post, see the spoiler at the bottom.

This thread is dedicated to Training Day, January 7th, 2012. From Saturday, Jan 07 8:00am GMT (GMT+00:00) to Saturday, Jan 07 6:00pm GMT (GMT+00:00), I will be joined on my stream by eight Diamond and Master league players and four coaches. We will spend the day devoted to learning all there is to learn about the Protoss v Terran matchup.

The Coaches
(T)qxc + Show Spoiler [bio] +
[image loading]
You've probably heard of him.

Masq + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Under construction!

(P)CecilSunkure + Show Spoiler [bio] +

[image loading]

If you've spent any time at all in the SC2 strategy forum, Randy "(P)CecilSunkure" Gaul requires no introduction. He is best known around these parts as the author of a remarkable number of excellent strategy guides (list here) and a pair of excellent blogs on computer programming (here and here). He is also a member of the young team KiwiClone Army and has agreed to offer us his high-level insight into the Protoss side of the PvT matchup!

If you'd like to offer your thanks and support to Cecil, please head over to his fan club or drop by this thread to learn how you can get your paws on him for some 1 on 1 coaching!

NrGmonk + Show Spoiler [bio] +
NrGmonk describes himself as "that guy from the strategy forum." A member of team NrG, he is indeed well known for his excellent contributions to TL's SC2 strategy discussions, examples of which can be found in his profile.


The Players
All eight player slots are now filled! Thanks so much to everyone that expressed interest. If you are still interested in playing, please drop by the chat during the event and say hi; if anyone doesn't show up or has to leave early, I'll bring people on from chat to fill their slots.

The Training Day cadre are:
AmericanUmlaut + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Hi! My name is Benjamin Stürmer, and I'm an American expat working full time as a computer programmer in Düsseldorf Germany and occasionally as a freelance Japanese/German/English translator and interpretor. When I'm not playing SC2 or hanging out with my awesome little 1 1/2 year old daughter, I like to play the piano, go out ballroom dancing with my wife and juggle.

Excludos + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Andreas is a 22 year old Electrical Engineering major from Norway. In addition to his computer game habit, he enjoys playing sports and is currently interested in MMA. Of himself, he says. "...like most people here, my life revolves around computers. I simply love playing computer games, and I work part time at a local computer store when I'm not sitting in front of one at home."

7mk + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Thomas is a 23 year old medicine student from Germany. He lives in Leipzig with his girlfriend and their little dog, and when he's not playing SC2 or studying, he enjoys making music (even some SC-related music before SC2 came along) and photography. He likes to visit European SC2 events and hang out with other TL nerds. He says, "Celebrating on stage after HerO won Dreamhack was by far the best SC-related moment I've had and probably one of the best in general."

Chelch + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Alex is a computer programmer and a high-diamond Protoss from the UK. Of his own play, he says, "I think PvT is my best matchup by far, but that I'm always looking to improve on anything!"


Defex + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Daniel is a physics student from Denmark. He has been playing SC2 since beta, and has even spent time as a coach himself, something that will surely be a great contribution to our Training Day experience. In addition, he is an elite national-level athlete (100 meter dash) and has toured Europe as a drummer!

Blazinghand + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Noah is an undergraduate economics student in the USA and works as a part time computer programmer. He says of himself: "I am half-Korean which gives me all kinds of sweet Starcraft skills. I play saxophone and enjoy long walks on the beach."

Utikiz + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Bjørk is our youngest participant at just 15 years of age. He lives in Denmark, where he attends school and plays piano in a band with his friends. He has been playing SC2 for almost a year, and is in his own words, "would love to take part in this since well... TvP isn't my greatest matchup, and i love to meet new people."

GzStrom + Show Spoiler [bio] +
Connor is an engineer from South Africa. In addition to his master rank as Terran, he's achieved a diamond ranking as random.


Where to find us
Streams:

Main stream

7mk
Excludos
Chelch
Blazinghand
GzStrom
Utikiz

I'll add more streams as players and coaches confirm that they'll be able to stream. Any time I'm not either observing coaching or being coached myself, I'll make sure to let the viewers know what stream they can switch to to follow the coaches. I had hoped to get Training Day featured so that you could see all of the associated streams in the side bar, but unfortunately Training Day doesn't meet TL's requirements for a featured event. Maybe next time!

TeamSpeak: The main group will be communicating via Skype and on TL's TeamSpeak server. Please come and set up your own TeamSpeak rooms for your level of play and matchup!

IRC: I will be setting up an IRC chatroom for everyone to hang out in. Drop by! Talk about how amazingly bad I am! Find a practice partner! I will update this with the name of the chatroom once I've set it up.

Donations
Quite a few people have PMed me on the subject of helping me out financially with Training Day. Thanks so much for your offers! At the moment, though, my costs for coaching time and hardware are not that much and I wouldn't be comfortable asking for help. If that changes, I'll update this accordingly.

+ Show Spoiler [The original OP] +

One Day. One Matchup. One Goal.

We are Team Liquid - a community bound by our shared passion for Starcraft. The vast majority of us will never be able to devote our lives to the game that we love; instead, we find time between our jobs, our families, our studies, and our other responsibilities. And that's a good thing - for most of us, Starcraft is just a hobby.

But what if, for just one day, you could shut out the rest of the world, gather together with your Team Liquid brethren (and sistren) and devote yourself completely to the study of the game? And what if you were joined by a couple of professional coaches to guide your studies and help focus your efforts?

Well, those are ridicuous questions, because it's obvious that it would be fucking awesome.

And so I'm doing it. I am looking for seven awesome individuals who burn to master the PvT matchup and have a Saturday to devote to that pursuit.



[image loading]


Players

Are you a Diamond or Master League Protoss or Terran? Do you have a microphone and a burning passion to improve? Are you a generally awesome human being? Then sign up! Reply to this thread using the following template:

ID on EU: Capybara.179
Your race: Protoss
Your league: Diamond
Can you stream/record the day? Yes

That's it! Before the big day comes, I'll just ask that you have TeamSpeak, Skype and an IRC client installed, since that's how we'll all be keeping in touch.

Don't worry if you can't stream. I'd just like to make sure that at least a few people in the group are able to record our experience, since I feel like an archive of many hours of practice and coaching in a single matchup could be a useful resource to the community.



[image loading]


Questions
Will this cost money?
Yes, but not for you.

I will be getting coaches, but I will pay them myself for two reasons: I won't ask professional players to risk not getting what they were promised due to douchebaggery, and it seems like a nice thing to do. I will organize a donation account to support the event, though, and I'll be grateful for any assistance I can get, but I won't be demanding any money from anybody.

Why only PvT?
I hate Zerg.

Okay, that's not true. In fact, I offrace as Zerg. It's just this: This is the first ever Training Day, and I want to keep it simple. A small number of players practicing one matchup for one day seems manageable. I hope that in the future, it will be possible to have a bigger group practicing more matchups, but for a first event, I'm keeping it small and simple.

Why do you hate lower-league players?
I swear, I don't! In a perfect world, I would organize groups for every league! This is something I absolutely want to be able to do in the future, but this time around, as I wrote above, I'm trying to keep this thing simple.

What if I can't participate?
You're not on EU? You haven't quite made Diamond yet? You signed up too late? Not to worry! I will be streaming my experience all day, and I'll be encouraging everyone else to do the same. Watching someone else get coached isn't as good as getting coached yourself, but it's something! Do post to this thread if you're interested though, even if you don't fit the criteria this time around; I'd like to see how much interest there is in the community for future Training Days!

What if I'm not a generally awesome human being?
Asking that question using a Team Liquid account is paradoxical.



Participants
I'll keep this list updated with the accounts of interested players as people post. The lists are obviously pretty full, so I can't guarantee you you'll get a spot, but please go ahead and sign up anyhow! I'll involve as many people as I possibly can, and it's very helpful for me to know how much interest an event like this has so that I can try to plan a better structure for next time!

I will be sending out PMs as the event gets closer to confirm who can make it, and I'll let you know a week or two in advance if you've been selected to join the core group. If not, though, please come join us on the streams and in IRC - there will be plenty of other players to train with!

+ Show Spoiler [Protoss] +
Capybara.179
Bourne.178
Excludos.369
Watercrystal.703
Chelch.892
Sansai.673
ODKStevez.782
NexCa.244
Cyro.719
ELecTro.307
Noticimus.858
pal.387
FireFish.313
Serge.485
Draken.784
JanZai.184
eVoidray.544
Zaxon.727
Vector.904
Glythrin.141
Federigo.109
MaxtoR.643
Tech.129
Dean.452
Bowser.256
MGǂJedi.185
Drolla.595
+ Show Spoiler [Terran] +
Bananashee.310
Wuiph.777
Blazinghand.736
Saber.772
Utikiz.731
Amazonic.727
Kai.414
Maybes.824
Zion.882
Khazidhea.617
Veni.914
Soviet.162
sVnteen.818
Pneumothorax.531
Entry.889
Lokacitron.369
Defex.142
LaMbda.799
IntoTheLight.480
NIgsCluEleSs.788


The frumious Bandersnatch
AmericanUmlaut
Profile Blog Joined November 2010
Germany2594 Posts
October 07 2011 16:36 GMT
#2
I'm going to give this a bump in the hope that the lack of response is because I posted at a bad time and not because I'm the only one who thinks this is a good idea .
The frumious Bandersnatch
Choboo
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
Sweden2088 Posts
October 07 2011 16:38 GMT
#3
January seems pretty far away :o
SaSe fan club manager
GMarshal
Profile Blog Joined March 2010
United States22154 Posts
October 07 2011 16:40 GMT
#4
I for one think its a brilliant idea, if I still played SC2 I would absolutley be up for it, and I think its awesome that you are organizing it. ^_^
Moderator
AirbladeOrange
Profile Blog Joined June 2010
United States2574 Posts
October 07 2011 16:41 GMT
#5
I like the initiative. Are you going to structure this at all in terms of what you're working on at any given time?
Enervate
Profile Joined August 2010
United States1769 Posts
October 07 2011 16:58 GMT
#6
To protect the sheep you gotta catch the wolf, and it takes a wolf to catch a wolf.
Fission
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
Canada1184 Posts
October 07 2011 17:24 GMT
#7
I'd do it but I don't have an EU acc
Bourne
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United Kingdom152 Posts
October 07 2011 17:25 GMT
#8
ID on EU: Bourne.178
Your race: Protoss
Your league: Diamond
Can you stream/record the day? No
MuATaran
Profile Joined January 2011
Canada231 Posts
October 07 2011 18:15 GMT
#9
Sounds like a lot of fun, I dont have an EU account or I would sign up but I think I will check out some of the streams
"Our Banshees will blot out the Sun! ... Then we shall Stim in the Shade." - Doa
Animostas
Profile Blog Joined August 2009
United States568 Posts
October 07 2011 18:21 GMT
#10
This is really cool idea: deliberate, specific, practice.But maybe you're planning a bit too far ahead? o.o
AmericanUmlaut
Profile Blog Joined November 2010
Germany2594 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-12-07 14:11:23
October 07 2011 18:37 GMT
#11
On October 08 2011 01:38 Choboo wrote:
January seems pretty far away :o

I totally understand that, but I'd rather do this with a bit too much lead time and make sure I have everything organized and set up so that the event is as successful as possible than do it with too little lead time and ruin an opportunity to contribute something of value to the community.

On October 08 2011 03:21 Animostas wrote:
This is really cool idea: deliberate, specific, practice.But maybe you're planning a bit too far ahead? o.o

The timing is mostly because I will spend all December moving into a new apartment that will have a room suitable to hosting this event. I didn't want to wait to announce my plans, though, because if I didn't just man up and post my intentions on TL, I was leaving myself the option to turn chicken and not do it. Now the post is up, so I'm committed.

There have already been several comments that this is too far away, though, and the whole point of the this thread is to allow me lots of time to collect and respond to feedback, so I'm making my first change: Training Day will be taking place January 7th rather than the 21st. This is absolutely, positively as early as my personal life will allow it to take place (unless I can find seven people willing to take a day of vacation and do it during the week), so as much as I'd like to move it a bit further forward, it's simply not an option.

On October 08 2011 01:58 Enervate wrote:
To protect the sheep you gotta catch the wolf, and it takes a wolf to catch a wolf.

That's only a paradox if I accept your description of the reality in which the argument takes place. Replacing half the sheep with Banelings in sheeps' clothing would give me really good odds of taking out the wolf with sheep left over.

On October 08 2011 01:41 AirbladeOrange wrote:
I like the initiative. Are you going to structure this at all in terms of what you're working on at any given time?

Yes, absolutely, but I'm holding back on releasing anything like a schedule for a while because I'm hoping that this thread will generate some ideas.

The basic format that I currently have in mind is something like this:

-- Edited format out, the current plan is completely different than what I wrote here --

Any thoughts?
The frumious Bandersnatch
Excludos
Profile Blog Joined April 2010
Norway8235 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-10-07 18:46:44
October 07 2011 18:44 GMT
#12
Man. Would love to participate in this one. I work on Saturdays though Very nice initiative indeed.

EDIT: Nvm. Didn't notice it was all the way until January I should be able to get a day off that far into the future

Signing up!

ID on EU: Excludos.369
Your race: Protoss
Your league: Master
Can you stream/record the day? Yes, definitively
Watercrystal
Profile Blog Joined May 2011
58 Posts
October 07 2011 19:11 GMT
#13
Hihi, great idea!

Signing up dudes

ID on EU: Watercrystal.703
Your Race: Protoss
Your league: Diamond
Can you stream/record the day? Maybe if my new PC is in time, I should get my stream up.
GzStrom
Profile Joined January 2011
South Africa51 Posts
October 07 2011 19:25 GMT
#14
Amazing Idea

ID on EU: Bananashee.310
Your Race: Terran
Your league: Diamond
Can you stream/record the day? Possibly, depends on my ISP at the time as well as my usage.
6pool.. ON 8!
MrBitter
Profile Joined January 2008
United States2940 Posts
October 07 2011 21:07 GMT
#15
Just want to say that AmericanUmlaut is a really cool dude and I completely support this initiative.

Rotti and I might come take part depending on what our ESL schedules have us doing.

In the mean time, good luck to everyone else who takes part in this.
Chelch
Profile Joined February 2011
United Kingdom159 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-10-07 21:45:24
October 07 2011 21:34 GMT
#16
ID on EU: Chelch.892
Your race: Protoss
Your league: Diamond
Can you stream/record the day? Probably, yes, I'll be getting a computer capable of this soon

This is a great idea!
Sansai
Profile Joined March 2011
Austria188 Posts
October 07 2011 22:09 GMT
#17
Sign me up Sir!

ID on EU: Sansai.673
Your race: Protoss
Your league: (mid/high) Diamond
Can you stream/record the day? Yes, XSplit already configured for the most common streaming services (twitch, ustream, own3d), also have experience in casting and basic cutting techniques
AmericanUmlaut
Profile Blog Joined November 2010
Germany2594 Posts
October 07 2011 22:12 GMT
#18
Okay, dudes, every Protoss who's signed up so far needs to PM one Terran friend and get them involved! Either that or we're going to be practicing a lot of PvP .
The frumious Bandersnatch
Wuiph
Profile Joined October 2011
Austria28 Posts
Last Edited: 2011-10-28 04:55:37
October 07 2011 22:26 GMT
#19
Terran who beat you with nasty tricks signing up

EU-
Wuiph #777
Diamond
Random/Terran
Blazinghand *
Profile Blog Joined December 2010
United States25558 Posts
October 07 2011 22:26 GMT
#20
I'm a master league Terran on NA but I have access to an EU account. can I take part?
When you stare into the iCCup, the iCCup stares back.
TL+ Member
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
GSL
10:00
GSL CK - Day 1
CranKy Ducklings SOOP104
Rex46
herO (Afreeca)37
Liquipedia
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
Lowko158
ProTech132
TKL 71
Rex 46
herO (Afreeca) 37
StarCraft: Brood War
Britney 19938
Bisu 1764
Jaedong 1406
Shuttle 985
Mini 369
EffOrt 273
Stork 217
Rush 200
Last 185
Light 185
[ Show more ]
Soma 178
Leta 161
Pusan 126
Snow 113
ZerO 111
JYJ 111
hero 108
Mong 99
ggaemo 82
Hyun 73
Mind 69
Sharp 69
ToSsGirL 57
soO 35
Noble 32
sSak 30
Backho 29
Nal_rA 22
sorry 18
GoRush 13
SilentControl 8
Dota 2
Gorgc1410
XaKoH 424
XcaliburYe168
canceldota55
Counter-Strike
byalli1991
olofmeister1854
shoxiejesuss873
x6flipin238
Super Smash Bros
Mew2King93
Other Games
singsing1218
B2W.Neo982
Pyrionflax192
Fuzer 192
crisheroes151
ToD90
KnowMe84
ZerO(Twitch)13
Organizations
Dota 2
PGL Dota 2 - Main Stream11520
Other Games
gamesdonequick934
StarCraft 2
WardiTV36
StarCraft: Brood War
lovetv 14
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 14 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• Berry_CruncH307
• 3DClanTV 5
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
League of Legends
• Jankos2573
• Stunt913
Upcoming Events
WardiTV Team League
7m
TKL 71
The PondCast
22h 7m
WardiTV Team League
1d
Replay Cast
1d 12h
Replay Cast
2 days
CranKy Ducklings
2 days
RSL Revival
2 days
WardiTV Team League
3 days
uThermal 2v2 Circuit
3 days
BSL
3 days
[ Show More ]
Sparkling Tuna Cup
3 days
RSL Revival
3 days
WardiTV Team League
4 days
BSL
4 days
Replay Cast
4 days
Replay Cast
4 days
Wardi Open
5 days
Monday Night Weeklies
5 days
WardiTV Team League
6 days
GSL
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Spring Cup 2026
WardiTV Winter 2026
Underdog Cup #3

Ongoing

KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 1
Jeongseon Sooper Cup
BSL Season 22
RSL Revival: Season 4
Nations Cup 2026
ESL Pro League S23 Stage 1&2
PGL Cluj-Napoca 2026
IEM Kraków 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter Qual

Upcoming

CSL Elite League 2026
ASL Season 21
Acropolis #4 - TS6
Acropolis #4
IPSL Spring 2026
CSLAN 4
HSC XXIX
uThermal 2v2 2026 Main Event
Bellum Gens Elite Stara Zagora 2026
NationLESS Cup
CS Asia Championships 2026
Asian Champions League 2026
IEM Atlanta 2026
PGL Astana 2026
BLAST Rivals Spring 2026
CCT Season 3 Global Finals
IEM Rio 2026
PGL Bucharest 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 1
BLAST Open Spring 2026
ESL Pro League S23 Finals
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.