• Log InLog In
  • Register
Liquid`
Team Liquid Liquipedia
EST 06:43
CET 12:43
KST 20:43
  • Home
  • Forum
  • Calendar
  • Streams
  • Liquipedia
  • Features
  • Store
  • EPT
  • TL+
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Smash
  • Heroes
  • Counter-Strike
  • Overwatch
  • Liquibet
  • Fantasy StarCraft
  • TLPD
  • StarCraft 2
  • Brood War
  • Blogs
Forum Sidebar
Events/Features
News
Featured News
Rongyi Cup S3 - RO16 Preview3herO wins SC2 All-Star Invitational10SC2 All-Star Invitational: Tournament Preview5RSL Revival - 2025 Season Finals Preview8RSL Season 3 - Playoffs Preview0
Community News
Weekly Cups (Jan 12-18): herO, MaxPax, Solar win0BSL Season 2025 - Full Overview and Conclusion8Weekly Cups (Jan 5-11): Clem wins big offline, Trigger upsets4$21,000 Rongyi Cup Season 3 announced (Jan 22-Feb 7)19Weekly Cups (Dec 29-Jan 4): Protoss rolls, 2v2 returns7
StarCraft 2
General
StarCraft 2 will not be in the Esports World Cup Rongyi Cup S3 - RO16 Preview herO wins SC2 All-Star Invitational PhD study /w SC2 - help with a survey! SC2 Spotted on the EWC 2026 list?
Tourneys
$21,000 Rongyi Cup Season 3 announced (Jan 22-Feb 7) OSC Season 13 World Championship $70 Prize Pool Ladder Legends Academy Weekly Open! SC2 All-Star Invitational: Jan 17-18 Sparkling Tuna Cup - Weekly Open Tournament
Strategy
Simple Questions Simple Answers
Custom Maps
[A] Starcraft Sound Mod
External Content
Mutation # 509 Doomsday Report Mutation # 508 Violent Night Mutation # 507 Well Trained Mutation # 506 Warp Zone
Brood War
General
Gypsy to Korea [ASL21] Potential Map Candidates Which foreign pros are considered the best? BW General Discussion BW AKA finder tool
Tourneys
Small VOD Thread 2.0 [Megathread] Daily Proleagues [BSL21] Non-Korean Championship - Starts Jan 10 Azhi's Colosseum - Season 2
Strategy
Current Meta Simple Questions, Simple Answers Soma's 9 hatch build from ASL Game 2 Game Theory for Starcraft
Other Games
General Games
Nintendo Switch Thread Battle Aces/David Kim RTS Megathread Stormgate/Frost Giant Megathread Beyond All Reason Awesome Games Done Quick 2026!
Dota 2
Official 'what is Dota anymore' discussion
League of Legends
Heroes of the Storm
Simple Questions, Simple Answers Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Hearthstone
Deck construction bug Heroes of StarCraft mini-set
TL Mafia
Vanilla Mini Mafia Mafia Game Mode Feedback/Ideas
Community
General
US Politics Mega-thread Canadian Politics Mega-thread Russo-Ukrainian War Thread NASA and the Private Sector Things Aren’t Peaceful in Palestine
Fan Clubs
The herO Fan Club! The IdrA Fan Club
Media & Entertainment
Anime Discussion Thread [Manga] One Piece
Sports
2024 - 2026 Football Thread
World Cup 2022
Tech Support
Computer Build, Upgrade & Buying Resource Thread
TL Community
The Automated Ban List
Blogs
Navigating the Risks and Rew…
TrAiDoS
My 2025 Magic: The Gathering…
DARKING
Life Update and thoughts.
FuDDx
How do archons sleep?
8882
James Bond movies ranking - pa…
Topin
Customize Sidebar...

Website Feedback

Closed Threads



Active: 1678 users

Weird New Law in LA - Page 6

Forum Index > General Forum
Post a Reply
Prev 1 4 5 6 7 Next All
nam nam
Profile Joined June 2010
Sweden4672 Posts
February 12 2012 16:34 GMT
#101
On February 11 2012 06:17 WritersBlock wrote:
I thought this was being put in place because some sick people think its funny to put nails/razors in frisbees and that it was becoming as issue? Maybe I'm confusing this with something else though..

And doing what with it? Becoming the next bond villain?
Flyingdutchman
Profile Joined March 2009
Netherlands858 Posts
February 12 2012 17:12 GMT
#102
The law seems incredibly silly, but the amount you can get fined is even more ridiculous. 1000 bucks, really?
MonDeW
Profile Joined June 2011
Denmark369 Posts
February 12 2012 19:28 GMT
#103
Why are there so many little boundaries in modern society? It's fucking 9/11 that has made everyone so naive and overprotective. This is fucking rediculous.
Hesmyrr
Profile Blog Joined May 2010
Canada5776 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-02-12 22:02:10
February 12 2012 22:01 GMT
#104
When mass misunderstanding is occurring in the thread, take a close look at OP because most of the times root of the problem is going to be there. In fact people just won't post stories like that if they did not perceive this as "sensational", meaning every OP is likely biased in a way that makes the content more interesting than it is. Viewer discretion is advised.
"If watching the MSL finals makes you a progamer, then anyone in Korea can do it." - Ha Tae Ki
TheLOLas
Profile Joined May 2011
United States646 Posts
February 12 2012 22:03 GMT
#105
On February 12 2012 14:13 Kuja wrote:
Show nested quote +
On February 12 2012 14:09 TheLOLas wrote:
they are baning healthy physical activity? what the hell?

Rape is a healthy physical activity, by your logic why isnt rape legal? Think before you talk.

Rape is not a healthy activity. It hurts another person. Therefore, it is illegal.
driftme
Profile Joined June 2010
United States360 Posts
February 13 2012 22:44 GMT
#106
moderators, please fix the OP

this isnt a "new law". its an edit to the existing text of a law.

instead of specifying the allowed projectiles based on size, they specifically stated which balls are allowed. this is an improvement on the original text because it allows for less confusion. (where's the diameter of a football? long way or short way? lol)
cydereal
Profile Blog Joined August 2010
United States193 Posts
February 13 2012 23:05 GMT
#107
This is the only time I've ever said this, but... this is a law that makes Orange County look permissive by comparison.
Abort Retry Fail
Profile Joined December 2011
2636 Posts
February 13 2012 23:23 GMT
#108
Really? lol
was there any incident that justifies this?
where's the fun in the beach if you cant even play beach volleyball
BSOD
codonbyte
Profile Blog Joined June 2011
United States840 Posts
February 13 2012 23:32 GMT
#109
On February 14 2012 07:44 driftme wrote:
moderators, please fix the OP

this isnt a "new law". its an edit to the existing text of a law.

instead of specifying the allowed projectiles based on size, they specifically stated which balls are allowed. this is an improvement on the original text because it allows for less confusion. (where's the diameter of a football? long way or short way? lol)


Either way, the law is still ridiculous. The fact that this is an "improvement" over an older law makes it all the more ridiculous.
Procrastination is the enemy
scaban84
Profile Joined August 2010
United States1080 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-02-13 23:39:35
February 13 2012 23:39 GMT
#110
On February 13 2012 04:28 MonDeW wrote:
Why are there so many little boundaries in modern society? It's fucking 9/11 that has made everyone so naive and overprotective. This is fucking rediculous.

Its not 9/11. Feminism is trying to castrate society because all physical activity aside from dancing to Lady Gaga is considered evil and degenerate. At least that's the way lawmakers see it. Congress is staffed with a bunch of emasculate "do-gooders" pandering to hyper-litigious liberals in states like California.
"The curious task of economics is to demonstrate to men how little they really know about what they imagine they can design." — Friedrich von Hayek
radscorpion9
Profile Blog Joined March 2011
Canada2252 Posts
Last Edited: 2012-02-13 23:53:31
February 13 2012 23:50 GMT
#111
On February 13 2012 07:01 Hesmyrr wrote:
When mass misunderstanding is occurring in the thread, take a close look at OP because most of the times root of the problem is going to be there. In fact people just won't post stories like that if they did not perceive this as "sensational", meaning every OP is likely biased in a way that makes the content more interesting than it is. Viewer discretion is advised.


Yeah I realized that too after being on TL for a little while. Almost all of the sensational posts end up being big misunderstandings (like the pizza is a vegetable one) that few pick up on because they assumed the OP was right about everything and didn't do any fact checking of their own.

I'm glad for it though, I'm a lot more skeptical now and don't take things at face value. There's usually one or two people at least who pick up on it though. For example Befree on page 4 (this thread) makes a pretty detailed post about how this is actually allowing balls that couldn't be thrown before. As to why the older law was in place, I think we'd need to learn more about that too before making accusations.
driftme
Profile Joined June 2010
United States360 Posts
February 14 2012 14:31 GMT
#112
On February 14 2012 08:50 radscorpion9 wrote:
Show nested quote +
On February 13 2012 07:01 Hesmyrr wrote:
When mass misunderstanding is occurring in the thread, take a close look at OP because most of the times root of the problem is going to be there. In fact people just won't post stories like that if they did not perceive this as "sensational", meaning every OP is likely biased in a way that makes the content more interesting than it is. Viewer discretion is advised.


Yeah I realized that too after being on TL for a little while. Almost all of the sensational posts end up being big misunderstandings (like the pizza is a vegetable one) that few pick up on because they assumed the OP was right about everything and didn't do any fact checking of their own.

I'm glad for it though, I'm a lot more skeptical now and don't take things at face value. There's usually one or two people at least who pick up on it though. For example Befree on page 4 (this thread) makes a pretty detailed post about how this is actually allowing balls that couldn't be thrown before. As to why the older law was in place, I think we'd need to learn more about that too before making accusations.


Accusations about what? The people who are up in arms about this "new law" likely had no idea about the original law. The only reason they're shouting about it now is because they read a thread title that said "LA BANS FOOTBALL" and they went straight to indignant fury, rather than actually READING the change for themselves and realizing that OP is a moron.
Cel.erity
Profile Blog Joined September 2010
United States4890 Posts
February 14 2012 14:35 GMT
#113
Typical democrats and their anti-frisbee agenda.
We found Dove in a soapless place.
Bazzyrick
Profile Blog Joined June 2011
United Kingdom361 Posts
February 14 2012 14:36 GMT
#114
This is SO DANGEROUS WHAT THE HELL.

Whats next? Make smoking illegal?
..
.
.
Bam.
You exist because we allow it and you will end because we demand it.
Dranak
Profile Joined July 2011
United States464 Posts
February 14 2012 17:34 GMT
#115
On February 12 2012 03:23 Befree wrote:
This is a very careless OP which needs to be fixed because it is clearly spreading too much misinformation. And some of you guys really need should research before you start using such harsh language for the county's decision.

This revision to the law was a revision which reduced their strictness. Previously beach balls were listed under the law. But because of the growing popularity of things like beach tennis and beach soccer, they made the change.

The other part of the change which relates to footballs and frisbees is the law is being changed from an outright ban on them instead to allowing them to be played in the offseason, in specific areas, with a permit, or if you get permission from the lifeguard. This is something you could not do before under the previous rules.

They said the $100 fine just for cases if people are being idiots and continuously are throwing in large crowds, or continue to throw after a lifeguard tells them to stop.

A more accurate title would be "Weird Old Law in LA County [which was changed]"

Beach director says Frisbees are fine
+ Show Spoiler +
Contrary to what you may have heard, it's OK to toss a Frisbee at the beach.

Santos Kreimann says he has nothing against Frisbees at the beach—honest. And it’s OK with him if you want to toss a football along the shore, too, as long as you do it responsibly.

That’s why the county’s Beaches & Harbors director was baffled Thursday to find that what his department views as a liberalization of the rules for beach recreation is being widely misinterpreted to mean that Frisbee- and football-throwing is now subject to a $1,000 fine.

Not so, Kreimann says. After years of outright prohibition, a new ordinance which received final approval this week spells out for the first time the conditions under which Frisbees and footballs are allowed on county beaches—basically, in the off-season, or with a permit or permission from the lifeguard.

For years, he said, that kind of recreation had been outlawed altogether “to prohibit some knucklehead from acting like an idiot on the beach.”

The Frisbee flap has received big play on the airwaves and the Internet. The Drudge Report headlined an incorrect report by a local TV station: “LA County Approves $1,000 Fine For Throwing Football, Frisbees On Beaches.” Inquiries have poured into county offices from reporters as far away as London. The Los Angeles Times provided a factually accurate counterpoint to the coverage with an article headlined: “Ball playing, Frisbee tossing now allowed on L.A. County beaches.”

The new ordinance does give the county the right to ticket Frisbee scofflaws, like people who persist in throwing into large summer crowds, or when asked not to by a lifeguard. The first offense is $100—an amount set by the California Government Code. (Read the department’s statement on the ordinance here.)

Still, Kreimann doesn’t expect many citations will be issued.

“We don’t ticket anybody for throwing a ball on the beach, as long as they’re doing it responsibly,” he said.

As for those new $1,000 fines you may have heard about: yes, they’re in the ordinance but they apply to only a few kinds of misbehavior.

Those include nudity, shooting weapons and swimming or surfing during hazardous conditions or in prohibited areas.

The revisions to the ball-playing section of the ordinance were prompted in part by the growing popularity of sports like beach tennis and beach soccer, which are now permissible under certain conditions.

Posted 2/9/12


After reading more through this thread, it is just completely embarrassing. This isn't acceptable. Being so ignorant AND being so aggressive in your attack against something which you don't understand is just shameful. I'm not going to pick out posts, but look through about every other post and you'll find someone who has no idea what they're talking about yet believes they can insult the county, the people who revised the law, or even the country.

We gotta change this and increase the quality of posting on these news articles. If we all just do a little research or put some thought into something before we start criticizing or spouting ignorance, we'll have much nicer news threads.


Can we get this copied into the OP? Seems they actually loosened a previous ban.
driftme
Profile Joined June 2010
United States360 Posts
February 14 2012 22:38 GMT
#116
On February 15 2012 02:34 Dranak wrote:
Show nested quote +
On February 12 2012 03:23 Befree wrote:
This is a very careless OP which needs to be fixed because it is clearly spreading too much misinformation. And some of you guys really need should research before you start using such harsh language for the county's decision.

This revision to the law was a revision which reduced their strictness. Previously beach balls were listed under the law. But because of the growing popularity of things like beach tennis and beach soccer, they made the change.

The other part of the change which relates to footballs and frisbees is the law is being changed from an outright ban on them instead to allowing them to be played in the offseason, in specific areas, with a permit, or if you get permission from the lifeguard. This is something you could not do before under the previous rules.

They said the $100 fine just for cases if people are being idiots and continuously are throwing in large crowds, or continue to throw after a lifeguard tells them to stop.

A more accurate title would be "Weird Old Law in LA County [which was changed]"

Beach director says Frisbees are fine
+ Show Spoiler +
Contrary to what you may have heard, it's OK to toss a Frisbee at the beach.

Santos Kreimann says he has nothing against Frisbees at the beach—honest. And it’s OK with him if you want to toss a football along the shore, too, as long as you do it responsibly.

That’s why the county’s Beaches & Harbors director was baffled Thursday to find that what his department views as a liberalization of the rules for beach recreation is being widely misinterpreted to mean that Frisbee- and football-throwing is now subject to a $1,000 fine.

Not so, Kreimann says. After years of outright prohibition, a new ordinance which received final approval this week spells out for the first time the conditions under which Frisbees and footballs are allowed on county beaches—basically, in the off-season, or with a permit or permission from the lifeguard.

For years, he said, that kind of recreation had been outlawed altogether “to prohibit some knucklehead from acting like an idiot on the beach.”

The Frisbee flap has received big play on the airwaves and the Internet. The Drudge Report headlined an incorrect report by a local TV station: “LA County Approves $1,000 Fine For Throwing Football, Frisbees On Beaches.” Inquiries have poured into county offices from reporters as far away as London. The Los Angeles Times provided a factually accurate counterpoint to the coverage with an article headlined: “Ball playing, Frisbee tossing now allowed on L.A. County beaches.”

The new ordinance does give the county the right to ticket Frisbee scofflaws, like people who persist in throwing into large summer crowds, or when asked not to by a lifeguard. The first offense is $100—an amount set by the California Government Code. (Read the department’s statement on the ordinance here.)

Still, Kreimann doesn’t expect many citations will be issued.

“We don’t ticket anybody for throwing a ball on the beach, as long as they’re doing it responsibly,” he said.

As for those new $1,000 fines you may have heard about: yes, they’re in the ordinance but they apply to only a few kinds of misbehavior.

Those include nudity, shooting weapons and swimming or surfing during hazardous conditions or in prohibited areas.

The revisions to the ball-playing section of the ordinance were prompted in part by the growing popularity of sports like beach tennis and beach soccer, which are now permissible under certain conditions.

Posted 2/9/12


After reading more through this thread, it is just completely embarrassing. This isn't acceptable. Being so ignorant AND being so aggressive in your attack against something which you don't understand is just shameful. I'm not going to pick out posts, but look through about every other post and you'll find someone who has no idea what they're talking about yet believes they can insult the county, the people who revised the law, or even the country.

We gotta change this and increase the quality of posting on these news articles. If we all just do a little research or put some thought into something before we start criticizing or spouting ignorance, we'll have much nicer news threads.


Can we get this copied into the OP? Seems they actually loosened a previous ban.



Really, a mod should do that AND either change the subject, or close the thread. This is ridiculous, the amount of people who read the subject and then post is mind boggling.
Playguuu
Profile Joined April 2010
United States926 Posts
February 14 2012 22:49 GMT
#117
On February 10 2012 15:09 clik wrote:
There's only one explanation for this and I would assume it is to prevent situations like these.



Lol wtf did I just watch? Puts down uzi so he can catch a razor disk meanwhile the other guy has pistol in his pocket.
I used to be just like you, then I took a sweetroll to the knee.
Tatari
Profile Blog Joined January 2011
United States1179 Posts
February 14 2012 22:49 GMT
#118
On February 11 2012 01:55 xtruder wrote:
lol @ all the people not able to use critical thinking in this thread. People were probably getting hit by these things and getting hurt. getting hit by a frisbee in the head isn't pleasant. a beachball or volleyball is ok since it's less serious.


I guess we can all figure out this guy doesn't go out to the beach that often...
A fed jungler is no longer a jungler, but a terrorist.
Mr Showtime
Profile Joined April 2011
United States1353 Posts
February 14 2012 22:55 GMT
#119
On February 10 2012 15:01 brain_ wrote:
Woo LA. I got a $200 ticket for riding my in the bike lane on the left side of the street... When there were no cars and the nearest intersection was all red lights for a diagonal crossing. :/


I mean.... there's no good reason for you to do that. But given the circumstances, a $200 ticket is pretty crazy
NoobSkills
Profile Joined August 2009
United States1601 Posts
February 14 2012 23:00 GMT
#120
On February 10 2012 13:49 bOneSeven wrote:
Some rather weird stuff going on that I'm not sure about wth is going on , as it would seem: "LA bans Frisbees and footballs on beach; enacts $1000 fine for violators" --- "The new rules now prohibit "any person to cast, toss, throw, kick or roll" any object other than a beach ball or volleyball "upon or over any beach."

What the ... ? Really ?

Full ordinance here: http://file.lacounty.gov/bos/supdocs/65848.pdf

Another source: http://www.kfiam640.com/pages/Handel2.html?article=9735438#ixzz1luErvs7v

Well, if you browse for weird laws you gonna find a ton in the U.S., like having dog fight with cats illegal, wearing ( god damn it can't remember how was that called ) some specific form of clothing again illegal, in different states of course... Actually first heard about it on the TV Series "Oz" ( which by the way was a really bad ass TV Series ) .

Now banning common activity on beaches for no good reason ... How is this not retarded ?

PS: I'll try to keep thread updated ( tho I'm having exams in a few hours ) with different sources if TLers post some here


Interesting that this OP is from Romania.
There are so many laws like this and not even good laws in fact some of them allow dumb stuff to happen.
South Carolina in 3 countys it is legal to beat your spouse on the courtroom steps. Either way as far as the law is concerned. And even though there are laws that have made spousal abuse illegal this is an exception law, so could still be argued in court (though I doubt it will).

What is interesting to me is that this law has no need to be in place either. If you happen to be the one person who dies by frisbee on a beach you kind of just need to say fuck it and accept the outcome right? One and a billion chance that a frisbee will headshot you for +100, but I think I would take the risk.
Prev 1 4 5 6 7 Next All
Please log in or register to reply.
Live Events Refresh
OSC
11:00
Season 13 World Championship
herO vs ClemLIVE!
Cure vs TBD
Solar vs TBD
Classic vs TBD
WardiTV539
LiquipediaDiscussion
RongYI Cup
11:00
Group A
ByuN vs TriGGeR
herO vs Rogue
RotterdaM444
Harstem182
IndyStarCraft 102
Rex90
BRAT_OK 66
3DClanTV 50
LiquipediaDiscussion
[ Submit Event ]
Live Streams
Refresh
StarCraft 2
RotterdaM 444
Harstem 182
IndyStarCraft 102
Rex 90
BRAT_OK 66
StarCraft: Brood War
Calm 2524
GuemChi 2138
Rain 1741
BeSt 746
Horang2 724
Hyuk 547
Stork 414
Soma 292
Mini 246
Soulkey 228
[ Show more ]
Larva 183
Last 182
Zeus 177
ggaemo 156
Snow 119
hero 116
Hyun 104
Mong 102
Killer 87
Sharp 72
Backho 68
Mind 57
Barracks 46
Shinee 44
Yoon 44
Shuttle 43
ToSsGirL 37
soO 37
Bale 31
Icarus 18
910 16
[sc1f]eonzerg 15
ajuk12(nOOB) 15
Noble 14
Movie 13
Free 13
GoRush 12
zelot 11
Terrorterran 0
Dota 2
XcaliburYe330
NeuroSwarm109
League of Legends
JimRising 371
Counter-Strike
olofmeister1633
x6flipin432
allub249
Other Games
Liquid`RaSZi1317
B2W.Neo897
crisheroes297
XaKoH 188
Hui .113
Mew2King98
ToD67
Organizations
Other Games
gamesdonequick888
StarCraft 2
Blizzard YouTube
StarCraft: Brood War
BSLTrovo
sctven
[ Show 13 non-featured ]
StarCraft 2
• StrangeGG 4
• AfreecaTV YouTube
• intothetv
• Kozan
• IndyKCrew
• LaughNgamezSOOP
• Laughngamez YouTube
• Migwel
• sooper7s
StarCraft: Brood War
• BSLYoutube
• STPLYoutube
• ZZZeroYoutube
League of Legends
• Jankos1541
Upcoming Events
RongYI Cup
23h 17m
Clem vs ShoWTimE
Zoun vs Bunny
Big Brain Bouts
1d 5h
Serral vs TBD
RongYI Cup
1d 23h
SHIN vs Creator
Classic vs Percival
OSC
2 days
BSL 21
2 days
RongYI Cup
2 days
Maru vs Cyan
Solar vs Krystianer
uThermal 2v2 Circuit
3 days
BSL 21
3 days
Wardi Open
4 days
Monday Night Weeklies
4 days
[ Show More ]
OSC
4 days
WardiTV Invitational
5 days
WardiTV Invitational
6 days
The PondCast
6 days
Liquipedia Results

Completed

Proleague 2026-01-20
SC2 All-Star Inv. 2025
NA Kuram Kup

Ongoing

C-Race Season 1
BSL 21 Non-Korean Championship
CSL 2025 WINTER (S19)
KCM Race Survival 2026 Season 1
Rongyi Cup S3
OSC Championship Season 13
Underdog Cup #3
BLAST Bounty Winter 2026
BLAST Bounty Winter Qual
eXTREMESLAND 2025
SL Budapest Major 2025
ESL Impact League Season 8
BLAST Rivals Fall 2025
IEM Chengdu 2025

Upcoming

Escore Tournament S1: W5
Acropolis #4 - TS4
Acropolis #4
IPSL Spring 2026
uThermal 2v2 2026 Main Event
Bellum Gens Elite Stara Zagora 2026
HSC XXVIII
Nations Cup 2026
PGL Bucharest 2026
Stake Ranked Episode 1
BLAST Open Spring 2026
ESL Pro League Season 23
ESL Pro League Season 23
PGL Cluj-Napoca 2026
IEM Kraków 2026
TLPD

1. ByuN
2. TY
3. Dark
4. Solar
5. Stats
6. Nerchio
7. sOs
8. soO
9. INnoVation
10. Elazer
1. Rain
2. Flash
3. EffOrt
4. Last
5. Bisu
6. Soulkey
7. Mini
8. Sharp
Sidebar Settings...

Advertising | Privacy Policy | Terms Of Use | Contact Us

Original banner artwork: Jim Warren
The contents of this webpage are copyright © 2026 TLnet. All Rights Reserved.