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clazziquai
6685 Posts
a.Explain the mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change. b. Describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence for evoluton. i. Bacterial resistance to antibodies ii. Comparative biochemisty iii. The fossil record I can answer part i and ii? :[  | ||
thedeadhaji
39489 Posts
b) no idea lol It's been like 6 years since I took the AP bio though so take this with a grain of salt. My thoughts for part a are most likely incomplete too. | ||
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il0seonpurpose
Korea (South)5638 Posts
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clazziquai
6685 Posts
On May 15 2008 11:24 il0seonpurpose wrote: Didn't you already take the test? My teacher is a psycho... we have one last test on Friday and I'm out of here! WOOT | ||
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MidnightGladius
China1214 Posts
That should give you enough information to do some quick research with, but if you want me to go more in-depth, I'll be back when I'm done cooking dinner. | ||
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clazziquai
6685 Posts
On May 15 2008 11:30 MidnightGladius wrote: Talk about gradualism, and how models like punctuated equilibrium, shearing and folding of layers, and tectonic movement fill in neat, clean gaps. That should give you enough information to do some quick research with, but if you want me to go more in-depth, I'll be back when I'm done cooking dinner. please do ^^ | ||
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il0seonpurpose
Korea (South)5638 Posts
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tiffany
3664 Posts
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talismania
United States2364 Posts
On May 15 2008 11:14 clazziquai wrote: Help me! a.Explain the mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change. b. Describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence for evoluton. i. Bacterial resistance to antibodies ii. Comparative biochemisty iii. The fossil record I can answer part i and ii? :[ lol I took an entire course on part a this fall... good luck answering that in one essay. definition of evolution = change in allele frequency over time in a given population. so, I think what (a) is just asking for is things like -genetic drift -natural selection -inbreeding -other stuff I forget, but that presumably you learned. (b) -uh obviously the fact that bacteria develop resistance to antibodies means that they evolve traits that prove beneficial and whatnot... good to be alive, bad not to be, hence there'd be mad selective pressure on stuff that renders you unrecognizable by the immune system. -comparative biochemistry is used to look at evolutionary changes at the phenotypic (specifically, protein) level and genotypic level (the genes, duh). I mean... you compare a protein's AA sequence or a gene's sequence between species and you say "hmm ok they share this much and common compared to how much they differ from this other species (the outgroup) by so much so they diverged X years ago" and what not. -fossil record is just duh. they look at the fossil record, and examine how phenotypes change over time. example the disappearance of hind limbs in whales. | ||
micronesia
United States24796 Posts
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GHOSTCLAW
United States17042 Posts
and micronesia made me lol  | ||
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mahnini
United States6862 Posts
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ieatkids5
United States4628 Posts
On May 15 2008 11:38 tiffany wrote: which year's test is this from? 2004? seems familiar 1992 actually For the OP EVOLUTION QUESTION 1992: L.PETERSON/AP BIOLOGY Evolution is one of the unifying concepts of modern biology. a. Explain the mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change. b. Describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence for evolution. (1) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics (2) Comparative biochemistry (3) The fossil record STANDARDS: A. (Max 7 points) Explain the mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change. The Big Picture: (1 point for any of the following) __ Punctuated Equilibrium, mass extinction, etc. __ Definition of Evolution - change through time __ Mutation - change in genes yields genetic variation __ Natural selection / selective pressure (Darwin) Genetic variation exists Over production Competition - survival of the fittest (Best genes) Survivors reproduce (Best genes to offspring) __ Adaptive/non-adaptive nature of variation Specific Mechanisms: (1 point, no elaboration / 1 point - elaboration of mechanisms) Population level mechanisms: __ Genetic drift/change in allele frequencies in small population __ Founder effect/bottleneck __ Migration/gene flow in populations __ Non-random mating/inbreeding __ Hardy-Weinberg disruption leads to evolution __ Speciation: prezygotic/postzygotic isolating mechanisms __ Examples: seasonal/behavioral/temporal __ Chromosomal abnormalities/polyploidy/change in chromosome number __ Development of genetic variation through: recombination/cross-over/ independent assortment/meiosis B. (Max 6 points) Describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence for evolution: (1) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics (max 2 points) __ Genetic variation/mutants __ Selection for resistance __ Survival to reproduce __ Transduction/transformation/"sex" reproduction/DNA plasmid transfer (2) Comparative biochemistry (max 2 points) __ Common biochemical pathways (as evidence for evolution) __ Respiration Examples: electron flow, proton pump, chemiosmosis, Krebs cycle __ ATP, etc. __ Photosynthesis - light reactions, Calvin cycle __ Proteins - Examples: Amino acid sequence, isoenzymes, cyctochrome C, hemoglobin (addn'l point for elaboration), insulin __ Cell Structure based on similarity in molecular composition (3) The fossil record (max 2 points) __ Stratification of fossils as evidence of change __ Examples with description of change: (2 points possible) Humans, Horses, Vascular Plants, Shellfish __ Limb Homology __ Elaboration of example __ Chronology - radioactive dating __ Cladistics/phenology __ Extinction of Species from http://apbio.biosci.uga.edu/exam/Essays/html/standards/1992_evolution.html | ||
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