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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
In all seriousness, is anybody else in Uni? This is my first year, I'm at Queen's university, Kingston, ON. I have to say I'm learning a lot though. Did you know that neuro biologists are trying to replace the computer with a human brain? I'm also going home to see my girlfriend! 4 Hours north, in Muskoka. Pretty excited. I've been losing a lot to Banelings, I know how to do a decent spread, but my macro slips when I try to defend against it. So TL, What's up?  | ||
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ReketSomething
United States6012 Posts
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DumJumJmyWum
United States75 Posts
But yea, those darn banelings. I'm assuming you play Terran from that comment  | ||
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Maand
326 Posts
Keep it up at uni! | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:35 ReketSomething wrote: Join CSL! Canadian soccer league? :p | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:40 DumJumJmyWum wrote: First, congrats on making it to Uni! Glad to hear you're learning lots of stuff. A small word of advice - you'll get what you put into it, so take advantage of all the opportunities you have - both in work and fun! But yea, those darn banelings. I'm assuming you play Terran from that comment Yes indeedy, I'm gold level. | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:40 Maand wrote: I'am beginning third year of my psychology studies next month and amount of literature to read for first four finals in winter is overwhelming ;P Keep it up at uni! Yeah it's unbelievable, just finished my first week and I made a 2700 word note on the first chapter of my textbook o.0 | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:35 ReketSomething wrote: Join CSL! Collegiate Star League? | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:35 ReketSomething wrote: Join CSL! Corn sucking league? | ||
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Roe
Canada6002 Posts
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Roe
Canada6002 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:48 Ghostdav wrote: Yeah it's unbelievable, just finished my first week and I made a 2700 word note on the first chapter of my textbook o.0 you need to learn how to take notes should probably go see academic advising about that, unless it was a really really long chapter... | ||
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NrG.Bamboo
United States2756 Posts
 Precisely | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:50 Roe wrote: im second year psych. things aren't too tough yet. im guessing this is your first year? yeah, the difference from high school usually gets to most people because they always pushed things to the night before and still got decent marks(at least that's what they say). Now they bitch and moan about every little thing. in an annoying, valley girl voice: "oh. my. god. do they relle expect us to do all of this werk? duuuude that party was fuckin sick!" so yeah, pretty much the same as high school. except you're not forced to communicate with these "people" as much. Lmfao it's funny, I have a couple on my floor in residence. But then you get the people who ask very strange questions.... For example, when talking about a topic in psychology a student asked the prof: "Now will we be studying this in the macro-economic sense or in a more anti-liberal way, because I've already studied it" I look behind me and do this : http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_s4m-XmGLl3s/SmIbv4oSZ1I/AAAAAAAAAYw/4qbq6N3XK3k/s400/obama-serious-face.jpg The person behind me does this: http://images.icanhascheezburger.com/completestore/2008/9/29/128671813528762021.jpg | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:51 Roe wrote: you need to learn how to take notes should probably go see academic advising about that, unless it was a really really long chapter...Yeah I'm going to. It's 30 pages and quite a bit of information, my notes are easily understandable though seeing as how it feels like I have to translate them out of the textbook. | ||
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Orome
Switzerland11984 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:48 Ghostdav wrote: Yeah it's unbelievable, just finished my first week and I made a 2700 word note on the first chapter of my textbook o.0 Small word of advice, do this if you enjoy doing it and have the time, but it's in no way an efficient way to study for exams. Things will vary depending on uni and professor, you should usually focus on the things covered in the lectures. Reading books (and summarising them) are things you should do out of interest, not to study for exams. There are exceptions to this of course, but usually that's the way it is and summarizing a book in extreme detail is just a huge amount of work not really worth the effort. | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:57 Orome wrote: Small word of advice, do this if you enjoy doing it and have the time, but it's in no way an efficient way to study for exams. Things will vary depending on uni and professor, you should usually focus on the things covered in the lectures. Reading books (and summarising them) are things you should do out of interest, not to study for exams. There are exceptions to this of course, but usually that's the way it is and summarizing a book in extreme detail is just a huge amount of work not really worth the effort. So, in essence, read the textbook, absorb it, but try not to make too many notes? | ||
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Orome
Switzerland11984 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:55 Ghostdav wrote: Lmfao it's funny, I have a couple on my floor in residence. But then you get the people who ask very strange questions.... For example, when talking about a topic in psychology a student asked the prof: "Now will we be studying this in the macro-economic sense or in a more anti-liberal way, because I've already studied it" I look behind me and do this : http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_s4m-XmGLl3s/SmIbv4oSZ1I/AAAAAAAAAYw/4qbq6N3XK3k/s400/obama-serious-face.jpg The person behind me does this: http://images.icanhascheezburger.com/completestore/2008/9/29/128671813528762021.jpg Oh get prepared for a lot dumber stuff than that lol, when I was in first year a girl asked our statistics professor whether she should learn all the p values of all the examples given in the textbook off by heart for the exam. | ||
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Ghostdav
Canada129 Posts
Psychology Reading #1 Psychology: The Science of Behavior Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology What is Psychology? - Psychology is the science of behavior - It also incorporates the study of the brain. Why Behaviour is Studied - To explain why people do things. - We must learn how to categorize and measure behavior to understand it. - After, we have to find what causes these behaviours, these are called Causal Events. Causal Event: An event that causes another event to occur. - There are many kinds of behavior and many kinds of explanations - There are different types of Causal Events: o Physiological events. Events that happen within the organism. o Metaphorical sense. Hypothetical mental states like anger, fear, curiosity or love. o Environmental sense. Causes from around the organism (including other people) - It is human nature to try to “understand” ourselves. - Human behavior is the root of any man-made effect on the world. - Since this is true, it’s important to study what causes our behavior. AKA the Causal Effects. - Different sciences can utilize psychology to accomplish their tasks. (Sauerkraut reference in textbook) Pg. 6 Fields of Psychology - Scientists accumulate the knowledge. - Others use applied psychology to use the information given by the scientists and apply it to create solutions to problems. - Some perform both roles. Areas of Psychological Research - Researching psychologists differ in two ways. The behavior they investigate and the causal events they analyze. - - - Physiological psychology: o Studies the organism’s physiology as the causal event. Meaning a biological causal event. o Learning, memory, sensory processes, emotional behavior, motivation, sexual behavior and sleep. - Comparative psychology: o Studies the behavior of a variety of different people/species. o Understand the adaptive and evolutionary sense of psychology and behavior. - Behaviour Analysis o Environmental Events o Learning and Motivation o Pleasant outcomes mean the behavior will be repeated. o Unpleasant means the behavior will be stopped. o Reward-Happy o Punishment-Sad o Studies consequences primarily. - Behaviour Genetics o Studies the role of genetics in behavior. o No two people will act alike, even in the exact sane situation. o Examine similarities in physical and behavioural characteristics of blood relatives. o Breeding experiments to see what behaviours can be transmitted to offspring. - Cognitive Psychology o Study of mental processes and complex behaviours. o Perception, attention, learning and memory, verbal behavior, concept formation, and problem solving. o The events that cause behavior consist of functions of the human brain that react in response to environmental events. - Cognitive Neuroscience o Similar to Cog. Psych. And Physio Psych. o Attempts to understand the brain mechanisms responsible for thinking processes. o Study of people whose brains have been damaged by natural causes. - Developmental Psychology o Stuides the changes in behavioural, perceptual, cognitive and social development as we age. - Social Psychology o The study of the effects that people have on eachother. o For eg. Perception of yourself and other. Cause-and effect relations. Attitudes and opinions. o PEER PRESSURE!!! - Personality Psychology o Tries to categorize individual differences in patterns of psychology. o History- Genetic and environmental. o Can be related to Social Psychology - Evolutionary Psychology o The theory using natural selection as a guide that our behavior has evolved the same as our appearances and features. - Cross-cultural Psychology o The impact of culture on behavior o Different cultures have adapted different behaviours to suit their needs. o Laws, customs, myths, religious beliefs, and ethical principles. - Clinical Psychology o The study of abnormal behavior and psychological disorders. o Most clinical psychologists just help people with their problems (therapists) o Others look for causal events of a wide variety. Areas of Psychological Application - Most psychologists are out in the field applying the findings of research psychologists to problems related to peoples behavior. The Growth of Psychology as a Science - Psychology’s roots trace back to philosophy and the natural sciences Philosophical Roots of Psychology - We are conscious of our existence, and we are aware of this consciousness. - We relate this consciousness to our behaviours. - Animism o The belief that all animals and all moving objects possess spirits providing their force o They are “natural forces” - We attribute some people’s behavior to their “will” - We can’t observe will. So it can’t be studied. - Rene Descartes. o 17th century philosopher and mathematician. o The father of modern philosophy. o Led to modern physiological psychology. o Used sensory experience and human reasoning. o “The world is a purely mechanical entity that was created by god, but is not affected by him” o Behaviours are controlled by natural causes, not God. Only to be understood by science. o He applied the same to the human body. • He called these Reflexes: • An automatic response to a stimulus. - According to Descartes, humans are different from the rest of the world due to their minds. As the mind is not part of the natural world - Two parts: Thinking “things” and Physical “things” - This creates Dualism: o The belief that reality consists of mind and matter. o Physical bodies don’t think, and minds aren’t made of ordinary matter. o The physical is the house, the mind lives in the physical. o The mind controls the body, the body supplies the mind with information about what’s happening. o Said that this took place in the “pineal body” a small organ on top of the brain stem. - Descartes was one of the first to use technical devices as models to portray the nervous system. - Models: o A simple system that works on known principles and is able to do at least some of the things that a more complex system can do. o Models are simple representations of complex systems (in layman’s terms. - John Locke (1632-1704) o Creates Empiricism • The view that all knowledge is obtained through the senses. • All knowledge must come through experience. • Our minds are empty at birth. - George Berkley (1685- 1753) o We must learn how to perceive. o Our knowledge is based on our past experiences. - James Mill (1773-1836) o Creates Materialism • The belief that reality can be known only through an understanding of the physical world, which the mind is a part of. • He didn’t invent it, developed it into a complete system. • The mind is a “machine” Biological Roots of Psychology - Descartes didn’t have any proof to solidify his studies. - Johannes Muller (1801-1858) o Revolutionized biological studies in the realm of psychology. o Writes the Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies • Different nerve fibres convey specific information from on part of the body to the brain or from the brain to one part of the body. • Electrical Impulse. • Sensory messages are sent over different channels. - Pierre Flourens (1774-1867) o Provided experimental evidence for Muller’s doctrine. o Operated on animals. o Used Experimental Ablation • The removal or destruction of a portion of the brain of an experimental animal for the purpose of studying the functions of that region. - Paul Bloca (1824-1880) o Applied Muller’s logic to humans. o Found that the brain reacts within humans the same way it does in animals. Different parts of the brain control different functions. - Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Itzig o Introduced the use of electrical stimulation to map the brain. o Provided answers that experimental Ablation couldn’t provide - Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) o Advocated a purely scientific approach to psychology. Based on precise measurement. o Measure the speed of nerve transmission and found that it was 27 metres per second. o Sought to find a measurement of the speed of a human’s reaction to a physical stimulus. o Found that all people are different, so his research was halted because he wanted precise measurements-humanity has too much of a variable. - Ernst Weber (1795- 1878) o Developed a way to measure the magnitude of human sensations. o A humans ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli followed laws. o Perceptual phenomena could be studied as a science. Applications in Education and Therapy - Descartes believed that the mind had free will, this worked with the Catholic Faith. - Went against ancient greek ideologies of fate or the Buddhist concept of karma. - Determinism o Behaviour is a result of prior events o Most psychologists believe in determinism. - The American and French revolutions ushered in new forms of governments dedicated to the improvement of the lives of its citizens. - Education was recognized as important. - Medical Advances. - The idea of change and betterment would become a major trend in the 1800s. - Child education became and important issue in the states. - Booker T Washington and John Dewey advocated educational reforms for children. - Children should be taught to integrate into society. - Edward Thorndike (1874-1949) o Studied behavior of animals, looking for intelligence. o Law of Effect • Stimuli that occur as a consequence of a response can increase or decrease the likelihood of making that response again. - Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard (1774-1838) o Developed a system of psychology, trying to identify the individual problem and find a cure. - Maria Montessori (1870-1952) o First woman in Italy with a medical degree. o Applied Itard’s work to children with success. o Developed a system known as the Montessori method • Children mature though stages and are sensitive to different kinds of instruction at specific age ranges. • Education has to match the age of the child. • Believed that rewards interfered with a child’s natural incentive to learn. - Philippe Pinel (1754-1826) o Father of psychiatry o Prior to his time, the treatment of the insane and retarded was “abominable” o Prompted governments to build asylums where these people could be cared for. o Pinel argued that these institutions could be therapeutic to the patients. o Tried to restore cognitive abilities of the inmates, such as social interventions (long reading swith the therapist or poetry reading.) - Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) o Developed a clinical practice based on observations from the Saplietre ward. o Linked hypnosis to the treatment of mental disorders. Major Trends in the Development of Psychology - Wilhelm Wundt ( 1832-1920) o First person to call himself a psychologist. o Thought that the human mind could be studied scientifically o Germany is the birthplace of Psychology. Structuralism - Enphasizes introspective analysis of sensation and perception. - The structure of the mind. - Died out in the early 20th century. - Couldn’t report the raw data of sensation. - Used Introspection to form the structure. o An attempt to describe one’s own memories, literally: Looking within. - James Mark Baldwin (1861-1934) o One of Wundt’s protégés. o The first of “modern; psychologists in a Canadian university. o Very controversial. Functionalism - Understanding a species’ structural or behavioural features by attempting to establish their usefulness with respect to survival and reproductive success.] - New perspective on nature supplied by Charles Darwin Charles Darwin (1809-1882) - Natural Selection, revolutionized biology - Behaviours could best be explained by understanding their role in the adaptation of an organism to its environment. - Behaviour has a biological context. - Wiliam James (1842-1910) o Thinking is used to produce useful behaviours. - James Angell (1869-1949) o Functional psychology is the study of mental operations. o Mental processes are part of the biological activity of an organism. They are a product of its evolutionary history. o Functional Psychology studies the relation between the environment and the response of the organism to it. Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory - Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) o Theory of the mind included structures. o Concepts of ego, superego,, id, and other strucutres. Psychology in Transition - ¬Psychology became part of university curricula throughout Canada. - 1938- Led to the establishment of the Canadian Psychological Association. - Baldwin formulated a principle called the Baldwin effect. - Psychologists asked- How do we understand the actions that the mind supposedly determines? Behaviourism - Concerned itself with action. - The study of the relation between people’s environments and their behavior. - Similar to Thorndike’s theory of the law of effect. - Similar to functionalism. - Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) o Through experience an organism can learn to make a response to a stimuli that never cause the response before. o May explain how organisms learn cause and effect relations in the environment. - John B. Watson 1878-19958 o Psychology is a natural science, the observable events are the behaviours of the organism. o Psychology is the objective study of stimuli and the behaviours they produce. - B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) o Advocated behaviourism. - Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) o Suggested to behaviourists that they regard introspection as a form as behavior itself. Humanistic Psychology - Free will and spontaneity. Creativity and consciousness. - Developed during the 50s and 60s. - A reaction to behaviourism and psychoanalysis. - An approach to the study of human behavior that emphasizes human experience, and choice. Reaction against Behaviourism: The Emphasis on Cognition - Unobservable factors influence patterns of human consciousness. - Max Wetheimer (1880-1943) o Gestalt Psychology • Movement that the cognitive processes could be understood by studying their organization, not their elements. Information Processing: - Used by cognitive psychologists. - An attempt to explain the workings of the brain; information received through the senses is processed by systems of neurons in the brain. - Because we can’t observe what is happening within a persons head, the concept of imagery is hypothetical. Reaction against Behaviourism: The Emphasis on Neurobiology - Donald Hebb (1904-1985) o Behaviour and mental phenomena could be related directly to brain activity. o We can now study the brain in an unthinkable way. o | ||
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Orome
Switzerland11984 Posts
On September 17 2011 03:58 Ghostdav wrote: So, in essence, read the textbook, absorb it, but try not to make too many notes? Well, I can tell you what my advice would be in Switzerland. I do have one Canadian psych friend and know a little bit about studying there since it's a popular place for Swiss people to go to, but of course things may vary. In Switzerland, in 99% of classes, reading the book is completely unnecessary to study for the exams even if it's officially part of the exam material. It's much easier for professors (or their grunt phd students who have to write tests for them) to make questions from bullet points from the PP slides of the lectures rather than from a long text in a book. Almost all questions will usually be taken straight from stuff covered in lectures. There's still a lot you can get out of reading the books, they'll give you a much fuller and broader understanding of the topics, but you should do it if you're interested in the topic and want to know more rather than because you think you need to read them for the exam. | ||
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Roe
Canada6002 Posts
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