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US Politics Mega-thread - Page 9375

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Read the rules in the OP before posting, please.

In order to ensure that this thread continues to meet TL standards and follows the proper guidelines, we will be enforcing the rules in the OP more strictly. Be sure to give them a re-read to refresh your memory! The vast majority of you are contributing in a healthy way, keep it up!

NOTE: When providing a source, explain why you feel it is relevant and what purpose it adds to the discussion if it's not obvious.
Also take note that unsubstantiated tweets/posts meant only to rekindle old arguments can result in a mod action.
Gorsameth
Profile Joined April 2010
Netherlands21538 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 01:06:29
December 01 2017 01:05 GMT
#187481
On December 01 2017 10:03 PhoenixVoid wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 10:02 Gorsameth wrote:
The people who voted against the ACA repeal should vote against this bill since it does the same thing (but worse).
I don't see how it can pass.

I've read McCain is for the tax reform, so not so sure about it being another repeat of ACA repeal.

He can be all for the tax reform but the bill includes the destruction of the ACA through the repeal of the individual mandate (Or I assume it still does, if no one has actually seen the bill...)
It ignores such insignificant forces as time, entropy, and death
TheTenthDoc
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United States9561 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 01:07:02
December 01 2017 01:06 GMT
#187482
On December 01 2017 10:02 Gorsameth wrote:
The people who voted against the ACA repeal should vote against this bill since it does the same thing (but worse).
I don't see how it can pass.


Well, it doesn't reverse the Medicaid expansion, which is what Murkowski wasn't on board with. You have to realize that the R Senators (and D Senators for that matter) don't much care enough about rational policymaking to recognize the silliness of removing the individual mandate; the few that might understand it erroneously believe it will somehow facilitate the eventual destruction of the act with no interim cost to the government. These people didn't blink an eye at the iteration of their healthcare bill that would have raised insurance costs for 60-64 folks making 27K to 14K, after all.
Tachion
Profile Blog Joined May 2010
Canada8573 Posts
December 01 2017 01:07 GMT
#187483
This tax bill is a nightmare for a lot of people from California. Really gonna fuck them over hard in more ways than one.
i was driving down the road this november eve and spotted a hitchhiker walking down the street. i pulled over and saw that it was only a tree. i uprooted it and put it in my trunk. do trees like marshmallow peeps? cause that's all i have and will have.
TheTenthDoc
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United States9561 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 01:12:08
December 01 2017 01:11 GMT
#187484
On December 01 2017 10:03 xDaunt wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 09:28 IgnE wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:05 xDaunt wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:03 IgnE wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:00 xDaunt wrote:
The easy federal money and subsidies for higher education is precisely what has made higher education so damned unaffordable in the first place. Why do we want to perpetuate that cycle? It needs to be dismantled.


"federal money and subsidies" are not the same as loans. dont attack tuition grants if you have a problems w the availability of loans. your position makes no sense and doesnt even appear as if you understand the issues

How would you describe FAFSA?


what a red herring. we are talking about graduate students here who have their tuition waived as part of their graduate program funding. they arent taking out loans. they are not the reason that "higher education [is] so damned unaffordable." in most cases there are only a limited number of spots in the program and everyone who gets admitted has their tuition waived.

you presumably are talking about LOANS to undergraduates provided by the federal government for which there is an argument to be made that the cost of undergraduate education is being artificially inflated by a giant pool of inexhaustible non-dischargeable debt money.

Who is “we?” You responded to my post. And your presumption is correct.


Personally, I assumed your post was in the context of the discussion of the massive tax hike on graduate students done in the tax bill, which made discussing FAFSA and the like a total non sequitur since it is entirely an assault on tuition grants for student labor.
KlaCkoN
Profile Blog Joined May 2007
Sweden1661 Posts
December 01 2017 01:16 GMT
#187485
On December 01 2017 09:27 TheTenthDoc wrote:
The grad student tax hike has nothing to do with FAFSA and doesn't affect any undergrad scholarships as far as I'm aware. It pretty much only hits masters and Ph D students.

What it does is make it so you have to claim tuition waived as income in graduate school, unless it comes from a very particular kind of fellowship, which means receiving approximately 8000 dollars of taxable income at a low-cost state institution and approximately 40,000 dollars at many other institutions. But you don't actually see a dime of that money, it just all pops up on your next tax bill.

Or institutions manage to play a super effective shell game or make a fancy category of tuition. Either way it's pretty gibberish policy if you want to take a strike at the increasing cost of undergraduate education, and not a great way to deal with the increasing cost of graduate education either; it seemed purely designed to extract money from a small group with limited power (both foreign and domestic students) to marginally offset the tax breaks.

I thought that the bill simply made tuition non deductible? Which means that someone who makes 20k a year doing whatever as an undergrad would now have to pay taxes on those dollars whereas previously they could just have deducted their tuition? Obviously it matters way more to grad students since their tuition is not just waived but becomes taxable income but I didnt realize the bill itself singled out grad students.
"Voice or no voice the people can always be brought to the bidding of their leaders ... All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger."
JonnyBNoHo
Profile Joined July 2011
United States6277 Posts
December 01 2017 01:18 GMT
#187486
On December 01 2017 10:04 xDaunt wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 09:36 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:00 xDaunt wrote:
The easy federal money and subsidies for higher education is precisely what has made higher education so damned unaffordable in the first place. Why do we want to perpetuate that cycle? It needs to be dismantled.

IDK.. states have been cutting back on higher ed spending for decades. Federal programs took a hit in the late 90's / early 2000's (can't remember which) w/bankruptcy changes.

I think federal loans turn an accounting profit to the government currently.

You’re talking about the wrong problem. I’m referring to the cost of higher education, not the government deficits.

I don't think there is easy government money for higher ed, much less that it is pushing up prices.
TheTenthDoc
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United States9561 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 01:28:03
December 01 2017 01:24 GMT
#187487
On December 01 2017 10:16 KlaCkoN wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 09:27 TheTenthDoc wrote:
The grad student tax hike has nothing to do with FAFSA and doesn't affect any undergrad scholarships as far as I'm aware. It pretty much only hits masters and Ph D students.

What it does is make it so you have to claim tuition waived as income in graduate school, unless it comes from a very particular kind of fellowship, which means receiving approximately 8000 dollars of taxable income at a low-cost state institution and approximately 40,000 dollars at many other institutions. But you don't actually see a dime of that money, it just all pops up on your next tax bill.

Or institutions manage to play a super effective shell game or make a fancy category of tuition. Either way it's pretty gibberish policy if you want to take a strike at the increasing cost of undergraduate education, and not a great way to deal with the increasing cost of graduate education either; it seemed purely designed to extract money from a small group with limited power (both foreign and domestic students) to marginally offset the tax breaks.

I thought that the bill simply made tuition non deductible? Which means that someone who makes 20k a year doing whatever as an undergrad would now have to pay taxes on those dollars whereas previously they could just have deducted their tuition? Obviously it matters way more to grad students since their tuition is not just waived but becomes taxable income but I didnt realize the bill itself singled out grad students.


The best description you'll find is here, from Berkeley: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e3oIk8AO9F_UL98z5cieKha1V5e9azzB/preview

"Qualified tuition reduction" is virtually always used in graduate education, which is why it hits graduate students harder. In the unlikely event that an undergrad has an RAship that fully pays for their education it will hit them equally hard, I suppose, with them similarly having to pay taxes on another 8K-40K of income, but scholarships and the like are the main mechanism for tuition reduction with undergrads and they are not affected by this as far as I know.

Kyadytim
Profile Joined March 2009
United States886 Posts
December 01 2017 01:30 GMT
#187488
On December 01 2017 10:07 Tachion wrote:
This tax bill is a nightmare for a lot of people from California. Really gonna fuck them over hard in more ways than one.

If Democrats have control following 2020, I'd be extremely surprised if they didn't pass their own tax bill using budget reconciliation that undoes this bill completely, given just how bad their constituents (will) find this bill to be. At the very least, I'd expect them to reinstate the estate tax and the state and local tax exemption while also adding a bunch of higher tax brackets back in.
Kyadytim
Profile Joined March 2009
United States886 Posts
December 01 2017 01:33 GMT
#187489
On December 01 2017 09:20 mozoku wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 09:05 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
On December 01 2017 08:41 mozoku wrote:
On December 01 2017 07:43 TheYango wrote:
On December 01 2017 02:46 xDaunt wrote:
This is an absurd statement. Just look at all of the technological development that has occurred in the US that has both enriched the creators and improved the quality of life of the consuming public. Wealth and income inequality -- and more specifically, the possibility thereof -- drives innovation.

My impression is that most of the dominant innovation that drove major shifts in society and personal quality of life were from the moderately well-off who became wealthy through their innovations. It's true that they were enriched by their work, but a large motivator is the aspirational component of the moderately well-off to become wealthy. The ultra-wealthy don't have the same drive to innovate because the marginal utility of becoming even wealthier is much smaller--they're much more interested in keeping what they have.

It would seem to me that if your goal is to drive innovation, the idea wealth distribution would be a large middle class with a high degree of upward social mobility--i.e. there are paths to become wealthy that encourage innovation and enterprise. "Large middle class" implies low income inequality because it implies more people near the median household income and less toward the extremes. This is always going to be at odds with the ultra-wealthy because "old money" aristocracy has always historically opposed the rise of "new money" even though "new money" is where the innovation and enterprise that you ascribe to wealth has come from.

I don't think anyone is arguing that the ultra-wealthy themselves are innovating. The ultra-wealthy merely want the best return on their investment. The innovation still comes from the middle class, but is brought to market with capital provided by the ultra-wealthy.

Redistribution limits this pipeline in two ways. First, due to how finance works in the human world, the ultra-wealthy are more likely to invest large amounts of capital into the most productive innovations (because you and I are too worried about an entrepreneur losing our retirement funds, while Bill Gates doesn't have that concern).

On the other side, redistribution affects the riskiest and most productive most negatively. If my returns are hypothetically capped at 1%, and there's a risk-free investment returning 1%, there's no incentive for my to invest in anything that would have produced a higher than 1% return (i.e. higher growth).

The fairest counterarguments I've seen so far that GDP isn't necessarily the best proxy for utility, as GDP favors the wealthy's utility (basically Kwark's argument), and that if inequality were to reach a point where potential innovators are being precluded from innovation (lack of education or useful industry experience) then that will negatively affect growth as well. The second point is mitigated (possibly dominated depending on the specifics?) by the fact that higher inequality leads to greater availability of capital though.

On December 01 2017 08:28 IgnE wrote:
On December 01 2017 07:43 TheYango wrote:
On December 01 2017 02:46 xDaunt wrote:
This is an absurd statement. Just look at all of the technological development that has occurred in the US that has both enriched the creators and improved the quality of life of the consuming public. Wealth and income inequality -- and more specifically, the possibility thereof -- drives innovation.

My impression is that most of the dominant innovation that drove major shifts in society and personal quality of life were from the moderately well-off who became wealthy through their innovations. It's true that they were enriched by their work, but a large motivator is the aspirational component of the moderately well-off to become wealthy. The ultra-wealthy don't have the same drive to innovate because the marginal utility of becoming even wealthier is much smaller--they're much more interested in keeping what they have.

It would seem to me that if your goal is to drive innovation, the idea wealth distribution would be a large middle class with a high degree of upward social mobility--i.e. there are paths to become wealthy that encourage innovation and enterprise. "Large middle class" implies low income inequality because it implies more people near the median household income and less toward the extremes. This is always going to be at odds with the ultra-wealthy because "old money" aristocracy has always historically opposed the rise of "new money" even though "new money" is where the innovation and enterprise that you ascribe to wealth has come from.


well, calculations of marginal wealth utility are such an insignificant factor when it comes to what really motivates people to innovate that discussions like this are basically counterproductive. we should just stop entertaining this economic incentives story all together

While I don't agree this is true from the innovator's perspective, it's certainly not true from the investor's perspective. To them, the economic incentive is all that matters. See my point above.

You can't create wealth without capital. If you hamstring returns from the capital perspective, you simply won't have growth. Unless you can start magically creating utopian communist comrades to create your own country with that is.


Is it actually true that the rich invest more in 'riskier' assets?
This came up before but I couldn't find anything on it after some mild poking around.

First Google hit for me says it in the first paragraph

It's basic finance. Risk tolerance grows with excess. If you're rich enough to buy a yacht and not feel it, you can certainly afford to invest that yacht's worth of capital in an ultra-high risk investment and expect a higher return than you would investing the yacht's worth of capital into treasuries.

The same principle is why you have to be an accredited investor to invest in hedge funds. The government is trying to save people from their own financial stupidity.

I mean, this theory is great and all, but this sort of investment from the super rich either isn't happening or is being completely ineffective.

Wait, I take it back. There is one thing the super rich seem to invest in regularly and to noticeable effect, and that's political candidates.
KlaCkoN
Profile Blog Joined May 2007
Sweden1661 Posts
December 01 2017 01:38 GMT
#187490
On December 01 2017 10:24 TheTenthDoc wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 10:16 KlaCkoN wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:27 TheTenthDoc wrote:
The grad student tax hike has nothing to do with FAFSA and doesn't affect any undergrad scholarships as far as I'm aware. It pretty much only hits masters and Ph D students.

What it does is make it so you have to claim tuition waived as income in graduate school, unless it comes from a very particular kind of fellowship, which means receiving approximately 8000 dollars of taxable income at a low-cost state institution and approximately 40,000 dollars at many other institutions. But you don't actually see a dime of that money, it just all pops up on your next tax bill.

Or institutions manage to play a super effective shell game or make a fancy category of tuition. Either way it's pretty gibberish policy if you want to take a strike at the increasing cost of undergraduate education, and not a great way to deal with the increasing cost of graduate education either; it seemed purely designed to extract money from a small group with limited power (both foreign and domestic students) to marginally offset the tax breaks.

I thought that the bill simply made tuition non deductible? Which means that someone who makes 20k a year doing whatever as an undergrad would now have to pay taxes on those dollars whereas previously they could just have deducted their tuition? Obviously it matters way more to grad students since their tuition is not just waived but becomes taxable income but I didnt realize the bill itself singled out grad students.


The best description you'll find is here, from Berkeley: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e3oIk8AO9F_UL98z5cieKha1V5e9azzB/preview

"Qualified tuition reduction" is virtually always used in graduate education, which is why it hits graduate students harder. In the unlikely event that an undergrad has an RAship that fully pays for their education it will hit them equally hard, I suppose, with them similarly having to pay taxes on another 8K-40K of income, but scholarships and the like are the main mechanism for tuition reduction with undergrads and they are not affected by this as far as I know.


Ah cheers! Only looked at the numbers when I looked at that document last, didn't pay attention to how the change was implemented.
It's actually kind of hillarious, I remember us joking in first year how beyond awful it would be if they started to count our tuition as income xp.

"Voice or no voice the people can always be brought to the bidding of their leaders ... All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger."
mozoku
Profile Joined September 2012
United States708 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 02:26:05
December 01 2017 01:41 GMT
#187491
On December 01 2017 09:57 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 09:20 mozoku wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:05 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
On December 01 2017 08:41 mozoku wrote:
On December 01 2017 07:43 TheYango wrote:
On December 01 2017 02:46 xDaunt wrote:
This is an absurd statement. Just look at all of the technological development that has occurred in the US that has both enriched the creators and improved the quality of life of the consuming public. Wealth and income inequality -- and more specifically, the possibility thereof -- drives innovation.

My impression is that most of the dominant innovation that drove major shifts in society and personal quality of life were from the moderately well-off who became wealthy through their innovations. It's true that they were enriched by their work, but a large motivator is the aspirational component of the moderately well-off to become wealthy. The ultra-wealthy don't have the same drive to innovate because the marginal utility of becoming even wealthier is much smaller--they're much more interested in keeping what they have.

It would seem to me that if your goal is to drive innovation, the idea wealth distribution would be a large middle class with a high degree of upward social mobility--i.e. there are paths to become wealthy that encourage innovation and enterprise. "Large middle class" implies low income inequality because it implies more people near the median household income and less toward the extremes. This is always going to be at odds with the ultra-wealthy because "old money" aristocracy has always historically opposed the rise of "new money" even though "new money" is where the innovation and enterprise that you ascribe to wealth has come from.

I don't think anyone is arguing that the ultra-wealthy themselves are innovating. The ultra-wealthy merely want the best return on their investment. The innovation still comes from the middle class, but is brought to market with capital provided by the ultra-wealthy.

Redistribution limits this pipeline in two ways. First, due to how finance works in the human world, the ultra-wealthy are more likely to invest large amounts of capital into the most productive innovations (because you and I are too worried about an entrepreneur losing our retirement funds, while Bill Gates doesn't have that concern).

On the other side, redistribution affects the riskiest and most productive most negatively. If my returns are hypothetically capped at 1%, and there's a risk-free investment returning 1%, there's no incentive for my to invest in anything that would have produced a higher than 1% return (i.e. higher growth).

The fairest counterarguments I've seen so far that GDP isn't necessarily the best proxy for utility, as GDP favors the wealthy's utility (basically Kwark's argument), and that if inequality were to reach a point where potential innovators are being precluded from innovation (lack of education or useful industry experience) then that will negatively affect growth as well. The second point is mitigated (possibly dominated depending on the specifics?) by the fact that higher inequality leads to greater availability of capital though.

On December 01 2017 08:28 IgnE wrote:
On December 01 2017 07:43 TheYango wrote:
On December 01 2017 02:46 xDaunt wrote:
This is an absurd statement. Just look at all of the technological development that has occurred in the US that has both enriched the creators and improved the quality of life of the consuming public. Wealth and income inequality -- and more specifically, the possibility thereof -- drives innovation.

My impression is that most of the dominant innovation that drove major shifts in society and personal quality of life were from the moderately well-off who became wealthy through their innovations. It's true that they were enriched by their work, but a large motivator is the aspirational component of the moderately well-off to become wealthy. The ultra-wealthy don't have the same drive to innovate because the marginal utility of becoming even wealthier is much smaller--they're much more interested in keeping what they have.

It would seem to me that if your goal is to drive innovation, the idea wealth distribution would be a large middle class with a high degree of upward social mobility--i.e. there are paths to become wealthy that encourage innovation and enterprise. "Large middle class" implies low income inequality because it implies more people near the median household income and less toward the extremes. This is always going to be at odds with the ultra-wealthy because "old money" aristocracy has always historically opposed the rise of "new money" even though "new money" is where the innovation and enterprise that you ascribe to wealth has come from.


well, calculations of marginal wealth utility are such an insignificant factor when it comes to what really motivates people to innovate that discussions like this are basically counterproductive. we should just stop entertaining this economic incentives story all together

While I don't agree this is true from the innovator's perspective, it's certainly not true from the investor's perspective. To them, the economic incentive is all that matters. See my point above.

You can't create wealth without capital. If you hamstring returns from the capital perspective, you simply won't have growth. Unless you can start magically creating utopian communist comrades to create your own country with that is.


Is it actually true that the rich invest more in 'riskier' assets?
This came up before but I couldn't find anything on it after some mild poking around.

First Google hit for me says it in the first paragraph

It's basic finance. Risk tolerance grows with excess. If you're rich enough to buy a yacht and not feel it, you can certainly afford to invest that yacht's worth of capital in an ultra-high risk investment and expect a higher return than you would investing the yacht's worth of capital into treasuries.

The same principle is why you have to be an accredited investor to invest in hedge funds. The government is trying to save people from their own financial stupidity.


A rental property purchased with 100% equity would be low risk (zero chance of default).
A rental property purchased with 1% equity would be high risk (much higher chance of default).

The increase in leverage would yield a higher (expected) return to the equity holder. That would be irrelevant to economic growth, as the asset would be preforming the same in either case. Actually, the high debt scenario could be a drag on economic growth due to a debt overhang scenario. Defaults can also cause net harm.

A more normal example, say a business with 20% debt to equity financing vs 25% debt to equity... we're really just shifting the risk around. If the wealthier were 'more willing' to buy equity in the marginally-higher leverage business we're not really doing anything beyond shifting risk.

Housing is a weird because a house isn't a means of production in the traditional sense, but the investor in the second example is behaving irrationally in a competitive market in a risk-averse world.

Let's assume the expected return for the two businesses is the same. In a risk-averse world (like ours obviously is), investors would expect a premium to invest in the riskier business as opposed to the less risky business. So instead of the return m, investors would expect return m + e. Investors with a smaller risk appetite might investment in the less risky business, but there's no financial incentive to choose the riskier business. Suppose there is a third business that returns m + e (i.e. more productive than a business than returns m), but is riskier. The smaller investor may not invest in it because it's riskier. The investor with a larger risk appetite would choose the third business over the riskier of the two businesses that return m. Consequently, the wealthy investor's risk tolerance has added an expected additional e in value.

Assuming competitive and efficient markets with perfect information, the riskier business that returns m would never receive investment and the only factor that affects returns among rational investment opportunities is risk. Thus, higher risk investment means higher return which means higher growth.

It's basically a restatement of the CAPM, which you may be familiar with if you've studied finance.
Nevuk
Profile Blog Joined March 2009
United States16280 Posts
December 01 2017 01:43 GMT
#187492
As a grad student who took out loans, how will this bill affect me? ( I didn't have any tuition waived or anything)
TheTenthDoc
Profile Blog Joined February 2011
United States9561 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 01:50:22
December 01 2017 01:50 GMT
#187493
On December 01 2017 10:43 Nevuk wrote:
As a grad student who took out loans, how will this bill affect me? ( I didn't have any tuition waived or anything)


If you're using loans to pay tuition, with no labor-for-tuition trade going on, you will probably have to pay taxes on the interest of the loan but not the loan itself (at least from that Berkeley document). Formerly I believe the taxes on the loan were exempt. Definitely ask your student services contact if/when it passes, though.
IgnE
Profile Joined November 2010
United States7681 Posts
December 01 2017 01:52 GMT
#187494
On December 01 2017 10:03 xDaunt wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 09:28 IgnE wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:05 xDaunt wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:03 IgnE wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:00 xDaunt wrote:
The easy federal money and subsidies for higher education is precisely what has made higher education so damned unaffordable in the first place. Why do we want to perpetuate that cycle? It needs to be dismantled.


"federal money and subsidies" are not the same as loans. dont attack tuition grants if you have a problems w the availability of loans. your position makes no sense and doesnt even appear as if you understand the issues

How would you describe FAFSA?


what a red herring. we are talking about graduate students here who have their tuition waived as part of their graduate program funding. they arent taking out loans. they are not the reason that "higher education [is] so damned unaffordable." in most cases there are only a limited number of spots in the program and everyone who gets admitted has their tuition waived.

you presumably are talking about LOANS to undergraduates provided by the federal government for which there is an argument to be made that the cost of undergraduate education is being artificially inflated by a giant pool of inexhaustible non-dischargeable debt money.

Who is “we?” You responded to my post. And your presumption is correct.


were you not responding to me? were you instead just blurting out that federal education subsidies need to be dismantled?
The unrealistic sound of these propositions is indicative, not of their utopian character, but of the strength of the forces which prevent their realization.
Nevuk
Profile Blog Joined March 2009
United States16280 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 02:07:13
December 01 2017 02:06 GMT
#187495
This is worth the read




(it continues on, it's not brief)


Also :
Introvert
Profile Joined April 2011
United States4682 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 02:33:28
December 01 2017 02:12 GMT
#187496
On December 01 2017 11:06 Nevuk wrote:
https://twitter.com/JStein_Wonkblog/status/936388909679960066 This is worth the read
https://twitter.com/JStein_Wonkblog/status/936392355728494593
https://twitter.com/JStein_Wonkblog/status/936393736774410241


(it continues on, it's not brief)


Also :
https://twitter.com/washingtonpost/status/936223764513280000


Among Republicans who actually want to reform entitlements (i.e. not the president) this is a stock answer. For the people in immediate need who have planned and anticipated a certain payout, that won't change. And that leads an opposing politician to get his fear mongering out. More troll amendments.

Edit: Since we are doing tweets about floor proceedings:

+ Show Spoiler +


spoiler cause post below has it.
"It is therefore only at the birth of a society that one can be completely logical in the laws. When you see a people enjoying this advantage, do not hasten to conclude that it is wise; think rather that it is young." -Alexis de Tocqueville
Nevuk
Profile Blog Joined March 2009
United States16280 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 02:16:09
December 01 2017 02:14 GMT
#187497
This is a fast news night
https://twitter.com/StevenTDennis/status/936414057015496705




I think this stuff is actually really important, moreso than our usual bullshit about the definiton of "is" or whatever
Plansix
Profile Blog Joined April 2011
United States60190 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 02:25:08
December 01 2017 02:22 GMT
#187498
Willingly appearing in a Times article about being a Nazi, is shocked to find out his boss(local business owner) read the article. Also shocked that people would respond to it with the same level of hate that Nazis have towards non whites
I have the Honor to be your Obedient Servant, P.6
TL+ Member
JonnyBNoHo
Profile Joined July 2011
United States6277 Posts
December 01 2017 02:28 GMT
#187499
On December 01 2017 10:41 mozoku wrote:
Show nested quote +
On December 01 2017 09:57 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:20 mozoku wrote:
On December 01 2017 09:05 JonnyBNoHo wrote:
On December 01 2017 08:41 mozoku wrote:
On December 01 2017 07:43 TheYango wrote:
On December 01 2017 02:46 xDaunt wrote:
This is an absurd statement. Just look at all of the technological development that has occurred in the US that has both enriched the creators and improved the quality of life of the consuming public. Wealth and income inequality -- and more specifically, the possibility thereof -- drives innovation.

My impression is that most of the dominant innovation that drove major shifts in society and personal quality of life were from the moderately well-off who became wealthy through their innovations. It's true that they were enriched by their work, but a large motivator is the aspirational component of the moderately well-off to become wealthy. The ultra-wealthy don't have the same drive to innovate because the marginal utility of becoming even wealthier is much smaller--they're much more interested in keeping what they have.

It would seem to me that if your goal is to drive innovation, the idea wealth distribution would be a large middle class with a high degree of upward social mobility--i.e. there are paths to become wealthy that encourage innovation and enterprise. "Large middle class" implies low income inequality because it implies more people near the median household income and less toward the extremes. This is always going to be at odds with the ultra-wealthy because "old money" aristocracy has always historically opposed the rise of "new money" even though "new money" is where the innovation and enterprise that you ascribe to wealth has come from.

I don't think anyone is arguing that the ultra-wealthy themselves are innovating. The ultra-wealthy merely want the best return on their investment. The innovation still comes from the middle class, but is brought to market with capital provided by the ultra-wealthy.

Redistribution limits this pipeline in two ways. First, due to how finance works in the human world, the ultra-wealthy are more likely to invest large amounts of capital into the most productive innovations (because you and I are too worried about an entrepreneur losing our retirement funds, while Bill Gates doesn't have that concern).

On the other side, redistribution affects the riskiest and most productive most negatively. If my returns are hypothetically capped at 1%, and there's a risk-free investment returning 1%, there's no incentive for my to invest in anything that would have produced a higher than 1% return (i.e. higher growth).

The fairest counterarguments I've seen so far that GDP isn't necessarily the best proxy for utility, as GDP favors the wealthy's utility (basically Kwark's argument), and that if inequality were to reach a point where potential innovators are being precluded from innovation (lack of education or useful industry experience) then that will negatively affect growth as well. The second point is mitigated (possibly dominated depending on the specifics?) by the fact that higher inequality leads to greater availability of capital though.

On December 01 2017 08:28 IgnE wrote:
On December 01 2017 07:43 TheYango wrote:
On December 01 2017 02:46 xDaunt wrote:
This is an absurd statement. Just look at all of the technological development that has occurred in the US that has both enriched the creators and improved the quality of life of the consuming public. Wealth and income inequality -- and more specifically, the possibility thereof -- drives innovation.

My impression is that most of the dominant innovation that drove major shifts in society and personal quality of life were from the moderately well-off who became wealthy through their innovations. It's true that they were enriched by their work, but a large motivator is the aspirational component of the moderately well-off to become wealthy. The ultra-wealthy don't have the same drive to innovate because the marginal utility of becoming even wealthier is much smaller--they're much more interested in keeping what they have.

It would seem to me that if your goal is to drive innovation, the idea wealth distribution would be a large middle class with a high degree of upward social mobility--i.e. there are paths to become wealthy that encourage innovation and enterprise. "Large middle class" implies low income inequality because it implies more people near the median household income and less toward the extremes. This is always going to be at odds with the ultra-wealthy because "old money" aristocracy has always historically opposed the rise of "new money" even though "new money" is where the innovation and enterprise that you ascribe to wealth has come from.


well, calculations of marginal wealth utility are such an insignificant factor when it comes to what really motivates people to innovate that discussions like this are basically counterproductive. we should just stop entertaining this economic incentives story all together

While I don't agree this is true from the innovator's perspective, it's certainly not true from the investor's perspective. To them, the economic incentive is all that matters. See my point above.

You can't create wealth without capital. If you hamstring returns from the capital perspective, you simply won't have growth. Unless you can start magically creating utopian communist comrades to create your own country with that is.


Is it actually true that the rich invest more in 'riskier' assets?
This came up before but I couldn't find anything on it after some mild poking around.

First Google hit for me says it in the first paragraph

It's basic finance. Risk tolerance grows with excess. If you're rich enough to buy a yacht and not feel it, you can certainly afford to invest that yacht's worth of capital in an ultra-high risk investment and expect a higher return than you would investing the yacht's worth of capital into treasuries.

The same principle is why you have to be an accredited investor to invest in hedge funds. The government is trying to save people from their own financial stupidity.


A rental property purchased with 100% equity would be low risk (zero chance of default).
A rental property purchased with 1% equity would be high risk (much higher chance of default).

The increase in leverage would yield a higher (expected) return to the equity holder. That would be irrelevant to economic growth, as the asset would be preforming the same in either case. Actually, the high debt scenario could be a drag on economic growth due to a debt overhang scenario. Defaults can also cause net harm.

A more normal example, say a business with 20% debt to equity financing vs 25% debt to equity... we're really just shifting the risk around. If the wealthier were 'more willing' to buy equity in the marginally-higher leverage business we're not really doing anything beyond shifting risk.

Housing is a weird because a house isn't a means of production in the traditional sense, but the investor in the second example is behaving irrationally in a competitive market in a risk-averse world.

Let's assume the expected return for the two businesses is the same. In a risk-averse world (like ours obviously is), investors would expect a premium to invest in the riskier business as opposed to the less risky business. So instead of the return m, investors would expect return m + e. Investors with a smaller risk appetite might investment in the less risky business, but there's no financial incentive to choose the riskier business. Suppose there is a third business that returns m + e (i.e. more productive than a business than returns m), but is riskier. The smaller investor may not invest in it because it's riskier. The investor with a larger risk appetite would choose the third business over the riskier of the two businesses that return m. Consequently, the wealthy investor's risk tolerance has add an expected an additional e in value.

Assuming competitive and efficient markets with perfect information, the riskier business that returns m would never receive investment and the only factor that affects returns among rational investment opportunities is risk. Thus, higher risk investment means higher return which means higher growth.

It's basically a restatement of the CAPM, which you may be familiar with if you've studied finance.

OK, so we have a higher risk 3rd option that no one individual small investor is willing to buy into.
Is this really insurmountable?

Can we deleverage the project to reduce risk?
Can we offer a larger risk premium to entice investment?
Can each small investor make a small investment (their overall portfolios are still not very risky)?
Can an intermediary (bank, pension fund, insurance co, etc) make the investment?
Nevuk
Profile Blog Joined March 2009
United States16280 Posts
Last Edited: 2017-12-01 02:29:42
December 01 2017 02:29 GMT
#187500

I’m a Depression historian. The GOP tax bill is straight out of 1929.

“There are two ideas of government,” William Jennings Bryan declared in his 1896 “Cross of Gold” speech. “There are those who believe that if you will only legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous their prosperity will leak through on those below. The Democratic idea, however, has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them.”

That was more than three decades before the collapse of the economy in 1929. The crash followed a decade of Republican control of the federal government during which trickle-down policies, including massive tax cuts for the rich, produced the greatest concentration of income in the accounts of the richest 0.01 percent at any time between World War I and 2007 (when trickle-down economics, tax cuts for the hyper-rich, and deregulation again resulted in another economic collapse).

Yet the plain fact that the trickle-down approach has never worked leaves Republicans unfazed. The GOP has been singing from the Market-is-God hymnal for well over a century, telling us that deregulation, tax cuts for the rich, and the concentration of ever more wealth in the bloated accounts of the richest people will result in prosperity for the rest of us. The party is now trying to pass a scam that throws a few crumbs to the middle class (temporarily — millions of middle-class Americans will soon see a tax hike if the bill is enacted) while heaping benefits on the super-rich, multiplying the national debt and endangering the American economy.As a historian of the Great Depression, I can say: I’ve seen this show before.

In 1926, Calvin Coolidge’s treasury secretary, Andrew Mellon, one of the world’s richest men, pushed through a massive tax cut that would substantially contribute to the causes of the Great Depression. Republican Sen. George Norris of Nebraska said that Mellon himself would reap from the tax bill “a larger personal reduction [in taxes] than the aggregate of practically all the taxpayers in the state of Nebraska.” The same is true now of Donald Trump, the Koch Brothers, Sheldon Adelson and other fabulously rich people.

During the 1920s, Republicans almost literally worshiped business. “The business of America,” Coolidge proclaimed, “is business.” Coolidge also remarked that, “The man who builds a factory builds a temple,” and “the man who works there worships there.” That faith in the Market as God has been the Republican religion ever since. A few months after he became president in 1981, Ronald Reagan praised Coolidge for cutting “taxes four times” and said “we had probably the greatest growth in prosperity that we’ve ever known.” Reagan said nothing about what happened to “Coolidge Prosperity” a few months after he left office.

In 1932, in the depths of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt called for “bold, persistent experimentation” and said: “It is common sense to take a method and try it; if it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something.” The contrasting position of Republicans then and now is: Take the method and try it. If it fails, deny its failure and try it again. And again. And again.

When Bill Clinton proposed a modest increase in the top marginal tax rate in his 1993 budget, every Republican voted against it. Trickle-down economists proclaimed that it would lead to economic disaster. But the tax increase on the wealthy was followed by one of the greatest periods of prosperity in American history and resulted in a budget surplus. When the Republicans came back into power in 2001, the administration of George W. Bush pushed the opposite policies, which had invariably produced calamity in the past. Predictably, that happened again in 2008.

Just how disastrous would the proposed reincarnation of the failed Republican trickle-down policies of the past be for the American people and the future of the nation? A few ways:

Repealing the estate tax, or, as Republicans have dubbed it, the “death tax.” But the estate tax is not a tax on the dead; it is a tax on their heirs. Repeal would reverse an important aspect of the American Revolution and establish an American hereditary aristocracy. If your estate is not above $11 million, your benefits from this portion of the GOP’s tax cut will be a nice round number: zero.
Eliminating deductions for state and local taxes. The GOP has called these deductions favoritism for people who live in high-tax states. In fact, ending deductibility of state and local taxes would tax income that has already been taxed away from a taxpayer. It is, quite simply, double taxation.
Repealing the Alternative Minimum Tax, which assures that wealthy people who hire accountants to find all the obscure ways to avoid taxes cannot escape taxation altogether. Repealing it would save Trump millions.
Extending the “pass-through” provision to noncorporate businesses, including some 500 entities Trump owns. It would allow the owners of these businesses to pay taxes at 25 percent, instead of 39.9 percent. This provision would allow Wall Street fund managers, among other very wealthy people, to pay a lower tax rate than many middle-class Americans pay.
Ending the deductibility of large medical expenses.
Taxing waived tuition for college students, ending deductibility for student loan payments, and even disallowing teachers from deducting what they spend on school supplies for their students.
Ending the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate, which would cause 13 million Americans to lose health insurance and result in much higher premiums for those who do get insurance through the exchanges. The Congressional Budget Office has indicated that, if enacted, the Republican tax bill may force deep cuts in Medicare through a generally unknown budget rule that its deficits would trigger.
The analysis of the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office found that people making less than $100,000 a year (approximately 80 percent of American households) will have their taxes increased while the millionaires and billionaires will make off like bandits.

In the 1920s, Republicans were in full control of the federal government and used that power to pursue their objective to “make the well-to-do prosperous.” It didn’t “leak through on those below.” In that decade, the mass-production American economy became dependent on mass consumption. For it to work, the masses need a sufficient share of the national income to be able to consume what is being produced.

Republican policies in the ’20s instead pushed to concentrate more of the income at the top. Nine decades later, Republicans are rushing to do it again — and they are sprinting toward an economic cliff. Another round of Government of the People, by the Republicans, for the super-rich will be catastrophic. The American people must call a halt before it’s too late.
www.washingtonpost.com

Historians are sounding the alarm bells
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